<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2022-5-354-364</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-2310</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ И АВТОМАТИЗАЦИЯ В ЧЕРНОЙ  МЕТАЛЛУРГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND AUTOMATIC CONTROL IN FERROUS METALLURGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Разработка информационно-моделирующей системы прогнозирования теплового режима верхней конвертерной фурмы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Information-modeling forecasting system for thermal mode of top converter lance</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0910-1150</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жульковский</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhul’kovskii</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олег Александрович Жульковский, к.т.н., доцент кафедры программного обеспечения систем</p><p>Украина, 51918, Каменское, Днепропетровская область, ул.  Днепростроевская, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg A. Zhul’kovskii, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Prof. of the Chair of Systems Software</p><p>2 Dneprostroevskaya Str., Kamenskoe, Dnipropetrovsk Region 51918, Ukraine</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olalzh@ukr.net</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0385-7603</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пантейков</surname><given-names>С. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panteikov</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Петрович Пантейков, к.т.н., доцент кафедры металлургии черных металлов и обработки металлов давлением</p><p>Украина, 51918, Каменское, Днепропетровская область, ул.  Днепростроевская, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergei P. Panteikov, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Prof. of the Chair of Ferrous Metallurgy and Metal Forming</p><p>2 Dneprostroevskaya Str., Kamenskoe, Dnipropetrovsk Region 51918, Ukraine</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ser_pant_in@ukr.net</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-4299</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жульковская</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhul’kovskaya</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Инна Ивановна Жульковская, к.т.н., доцент кафедры программного обеспечения систем</p><p>Украина, 51918, Каменское, Днепропетровская область, ул.  Днепростроевская, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Inna I. Zhul’kovskaya, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Prof. of the Chair of Systems Siftware</p><p>2 Dneprostroevskaya Str., Kamenskoe, Dnipropetrovsk Region 51918, Ukraine</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">inivzh@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Днепровский государственный технический университет</institution><country>Украина</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Dniprovsky State Technical University</institution><country>Ukraine</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>65</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>354</fpage><lpage>364</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Жульковский О.А., Пантейков С.П., Жульковская И.И., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Жульковский О.А., Пантейков С.П., Жульковская И.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhul’kovskii O.A., Panteikov S.P., Zhul’kovskaya I.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2310">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2310</self-uri><abstract><p>С целью выполнения актуальной и экономически обоснованной задачи определения соответствия входных технологических параметров определенным критериям безопасности ведения конвертерной плавки на основе математического моделирования и объектно-ориентированного программирования разработана компьютерная информационно-моделирующая система прогнозирования (ИМСП) теплового режима ствола верхней фурмы (СВФ) кислородного конвертера. Программа создана в виде Windows-ориентированного приложения путем уточнения ранее разработанной математической модели температурного режима ствола верхней конвертерной фурмы с использованием объектно-ориентированного языка программирования C# в IDE Microsoft Visual Studio 2019. Математическая модель предусматривает решение дифференциального уравнения теплопроводности в цилиндрических координатах (двумерная постановка) с  заданием начальных (распределение температур в расчетной области) и граничных условий II и III рода (соответственно на наружной и внутренней поверхности СВФ). Конечно-разностную аппроксимацию уравнения теплопроводности и граничных условий получали интегро-интерполяционным методом (методом баланса). Для расчета температурного поля использовался численный метод прогонки (модифицированный метод Гаусса) и безусловно устойчивая неявная схема. Теплофизические величины получали аппроксимацией соответствующих табличных значений. Приложение не выдвигает особых требований к компьютерной инфраструктуре, функционирует локально (без необходимости доступа к Internet), не требует специальных навыков для работы с ним, имея интуитивный пользовательский интерфейс: рабочее поле программы состоит из трех окон (разделов), в которых отображаются результаты расчета теплового режима СВФ. Разработанная ИМСП позволяет оценивать конструктивные и технологические параметры работы верхнего дутьевого устройства в  качестве критерия его безопасной эксплуатации. Ее применение в режиме «советчика» создает условия для оптимального проектирования верхних кислородных фурм с рациональной системой водяного охлаждения. Целью является обеспечение надлежащего теплового режима СВФ на протяжении всего времени эксплуатации, а также безаварийной работы продувочного устройства, что особенно актуально для условий конвертерных цехов Украины, оборудованных устаревшими конструкциями верхних фурм с низкой стойкостью.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>On basis of mathematical modeling and object-oriented programming, a computer information-modeling forecasting system (IMFS) for thermal mode of top lance barrel (TLB) of oxygen converter was developed in order to fulfill the urgent and economically feasible task of determining the compliance of input technological parameters with certain safety criteria for conducting converter melting.The program was created in the form of a Windows-oriented application by refining the previously developed mathematical model of the temperature mode of the top converter lance barrel using the object-oriented programming language C# in Microsoft Visual Studio 2019 IDE. The mathematical model provides the solution of differential heat conduction equation in cylindrical coordinates (two-dimensional formulation) with assignment of the initial (temperature distribution in the computational domain) and boundary conditions of the II and III kind (respectively, on the outer and inner surfaces of the TLB). The finite-difference approximation of the heat conduction equation and boundary conditions was obtained by the integro-interpolation method (balance method). A numerical sweep method (modified Gauss method) and an unconditionally stable implicit scheme were used to calculate the temperature field. Thermophysical values were obtained by approximating the corresponding tabular values. The application does not put forward special requirements for the computer infrastructure, operates locally (without the need for access to Internet), does not require special skills to work with it, having an intuitive user interface: the working area of the program consists of three windows (sections), in which the results of calculating the thermal mode of the TLB are displayed. The developed IMFS allows evaluating the design and technological parameters of the top blowing device as a criterion for its safe operation. Its application in the “advisor” mode ensures the optimal design of the top oxygen lances with a rational water cooling system in order to ensure the proper thermal mode of the TLB throughout the entire operation period, as well as trouble-free operation of the blowing device, which is especially important for the conditions of converter shops in Ukraine equipped with outdated designs of top lances with low service life.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>система прогнозирования</kwd><kwd>математическая модель</kwd><kwd>конвертирование</kwd><kwd>верхняя фурма</kwd><kwd>кислородный конвертер</kwd><kwd>язык программирования</kwd><kwd>процесс теплообмена</kwd><kwd>компьютерная программа</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>forecasting system</kwd><kwd>mathematical model</kwd><kwd>conversion</kwd><kwd>top lance</kwd><kwd>oxygen converter</kwd><kwd>programming language</kwd><kwd>heat exchange process</kwd><kwd>computer program</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Максимов П. Измерительный зонд для автоматического определения параметров плавки в конвертере // Современные технологии автоматизации. 2007. № 4. С. 36–39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maksimov P. Measuring probe for automatic determination of melting parameters in converter. Sovremennye tekhnologii avtomatiza­tsii. 2007, no. 4, pp. 36–39. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сайт отдела ОП-06 ЧАО «Тяжпромавтоматика». АСУ электроприводами конвертера. URL: https://chao-tyazhpromavtomatika.uaprom.net/a94154-asu-elektroprivodami-konvertera.html (дата обращения: 08.10.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Website of the OP-06 department of the PJSC “Tyazhpromavtomatika”. ACS for converter electric drives. Available at URL: https://chao-tyazhpromavtomatika.uaprom.net/a94154-asu-elektroprivodami-konvertera.html (Accessed 10.08.2021). (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кривоносов А., Криволапов А., Каплунов Ю., Пироженко А., Гурылев Е. АСУ ТП газоотводящего тракта конвертера // Современные технологии автоматизации. 2013. № 4. С. 42–46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krivonosov A., Krivolapov A., Kaplunov Yu., Pirozhenko A., Gurylev E. CPCS of converter gas outlet. Sovremennye tekhnologii avtomatizatsii. 2013, no. 4, pp. 42–46. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Модели-имитаторы в тренажерно-обучающих системах. URL: https://bookaa.ru/matematicheskoe-modelirovanie/modeli-imitatory-v-trenazherno-obuchayu.html (дата обращения: 08.10.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simulation models in training and training systems. Available at URL: https://bookaa.ru/matematicheskoe-modelirovanie/modeli-imitatory-v-trenazherno-obuchayu.html (Accessed 10.08.2021). (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Компьютерный тренажер «Sike. Выплавка стали в конвертере». URL: https://publishernews.ru/PressRelease/PressReleaseShow.asp?id=528210 (дата обращения: 08.10.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Computer simulator “Sike. Steel smelting in a converter”. Available at URL: https://publishernews.ru/PressRelease/PressReleaseShow.asp?id=528210 (Accessed 10.08.2021). (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">METAL SPASE. Компьютерные симуляторы и тренажеры. Програмные комплексы. URL: https://metalspace.ru/education-career/education/simulator/512-trenazhernyj-kompleks-kislorodno-konverternyj-protsess.html (дата обращения: 08.10.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">METAL SPASE. Computer simulators and trainers. Software complexes. Available at URL: https://metalspace.ru/education-career/education/simulator/512-trenazhernyj-kompleks-kislorodno-konverternyj-protsess.html (Accessed 10.08.2021). (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Литвиненко Е.Ф., Симкин А.И., Сокол С.П. Эксплуатация системы управления конверторной плавкой в информационно-советующем режиме // Автоматизация и компьютерные технологии. Тезисы докладов участников Международной научно-практической конференции, посвященной 50-летию кафед­ры автоматизации технологических процессов и производств, 25 – 27 сентября 2012 г., Мариуполь. Мариуполь: Издательство ГВУЗ «ПГТУ», 2012. С. 34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Litvinenko E.F., Simkin A.I., Sokol S.P. Operation of converter smelting control system in information-advising mode. In: Automation and Computer Technologies. Abstracts of the Int. Sci. and Pract. Conf. dedicated to the 50th Anniversary of the Chair of Automation of Technological Processes and Production, September 25-27, 2012, Mariupol. Mariupol: PSTU, 2012, p. 34. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cao L., Wang Ya., Liu Q., Feng X. Physical and mathematical modeling of multiphase flows in a converter // ISIJ International. 2018. Vol. 58. No. 4. P. 573–584. https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2017-680</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cao L., Wang Ya., Liu Q., Feng X. Physical and mathematical mo­deling of multiphase flows in a converter. ISIJ International. 2018, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 573–584. https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2017-680</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Морозов А.А., Шелухин С.А., Храпко С.А. Математическая модель продувки металла кислородом в конвертере // Азовсталь-98: Тезисы докладов научно-технической конференции молодых специалистов 29 мая 1998 г., Мариуполь. Мариуполь, 1998. С. 23–24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morozov A.A., Shelukhin S.A., Khrapko S.A. Mathematical model of metal blowing with oxygen in a converter. In: «Azovstal-98»: Abstracts of the Sci. and Tech. Conf. of Young Specialists, May 29, 1998, Mariupol. Mariupol, 1998, pp. 23–24. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Колесников Ю.А., Бигеев В.А., Сергеев Д.С. Моделирование выплавки стали в кислородном конвертере на базе физико-химических и тепловых процессов // Известия вузов. Черная металлургия. 2017. Т. 60. № 9. С. 698–705. https://doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2017-9-698-705</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolesnikov Yu.A., Bigeev V.A., Sergeev D.S. Modeling of steelmaking in BOF based on physical, chemical and thermal processes. Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy. 2017, vol. 60, no. 9, pp. 698–705. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2017-9-698-705</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dering D., Swartz C., Dogan N. Dynamic modeling and simulation of basic oxygen furnace (BOF) operation // Processes. 2020. Vol. 8. No. 4. P. 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8040483</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dering D., Swartz C., Dogan N. Dynamic modeling and simulation of basic oxygen furnace (BOF) operation. Processes. 2020, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8040483</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dering D., Swartz C., Dogan N. A dynamic optimization framework for basic oxygen furnace operation // Chemical Engineering Science. 2021. Vol. 241. Article 116653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2021.116653</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dering D., Swartz C., Dogan N. A dynamic optimization framework for basic oxygen furnace operation. Chemical Engineering Science. 2021, vol. 241, article 116653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2021.116653</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кабулова Е.Г., Косарева И.Н., Карпова В.А., Гриднева Г. Моделирование процесса выплавки стали в металлургическом производстве // Вестник Национального технического университета «ХПИ»: Сборник научных трудов. Тематический выпуск: Актуальные проблемы управления и финансово-хозяйственной деятельности предприятия. Харьков: Издательство НТУ «ХПИ», 2015. № 53(1162). С. 14–18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kabulova E.G., Kosareva I.N., Karpova V.A., Gridneva G. Modeling of steel smelting in metallurgical production. Vestnik Nat. Tech. University “KhPI”: Transactions. Actual Problems of Management and Financial – Economic Activities of an Enterprise. Kharkiv: NTU KhPI, 2015, no. 53 (1162), pp. 14–18. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бигеев В.А., Колесников Ю.А. Прогнозирование технологических параметров выплавки стали в конвертере с использованием сидерита // Теория и технология металлургического производства: Сборник научных трудов / Под ред. В.М. Колокольцева. Магнитогорск: Издательство МГТУ им. Г.И. Носова. 2011. Вып. 11. С. 30–36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bigeev V.A., Kolesnikov Yu.A. Prediction of technological para­meters of steel smelting in a converter using siderite. In: Theory and Technology of Metallurgical Production. Transactions. Issue  11. Kolokol’tsev V.M. ed. Magnitogorsk: G.I. Nosov MSTU, 2011, pp.  30–36. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feng K., Yang L., Su B., Feng W., Wang L. An integration model for converter molten steel end temperature prediction based on Baye­sian formula // Steel Research International. 2022. Vol. 93. No. 2. Article 2100433. https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202100433</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Feng K., Yang L., Su B., Feng W., Wang L. An integration model for converter molten steel end temperature prediction based on Baye­sian formula. Steel Research International. 2022, vol. 93, no. 2, article 2100433. https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202100433</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ruuska J. Special measurements and control models for a basic oxygen furnace (BOF): Academic dissertation. Oulu, Finland, 2012. 113 p. URL: http://cc.oulu.fi/~kamahei/y/casr/vk/ruuska.pdf (дата обращения: 08.10.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ruuska J. Special measurements and control models for a basic oxygen furnace (BOF): Academic dissertation. Oulu, Finland, 2012, 113 p. Available at URL: http://cc.oulu.fi/~kamahei/y/casr/vk/ruuska.pdf (Accessed 10.08.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Díaz J., Fernández F.J., Suárez I. Hot metal temperature prediction at basic-lined oxygen furnace (BOF) converter using IR thermo­metry and forecasting techniques // Energies. 2019. Vol. 12. No. 17. Р. 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12173235</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Díaz J., Fernández F.J., Suárez I. Hot metal temperature prediction at basic-lined oxygen furnace (BOF) converter using IR thermo­metry and forecasting techniques. Energies. 2019, vol. 12, no. 17, pр.  1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12173235</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dogan N. Mathematical Modelling of Oxygen Steelmaking: а Thesis Presented for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Mathematics Discipline Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences Swinburne University of Technology: Melbourne, Australia, 2011. 276 p. URL: https://researchbank.swinburne.edu.au/file/89911698-08da-4f42-8caa-363b0a1bc6fc/1/Neslihan%20Dogan%20Thesis.pdf (дата обращения: 08.10.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dogan N. Mathematical Modelling of Oxygen Steelmaking: а Thesis Presented for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Mathematics Discipline Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences Swinburne University of Technology. Melbourne, Australia, 2011, 276 p. Avai­lable at URL: https://researchbank.swinburne.edu.au/file/89911698-08da-4f42-8caa-363b0a1bc6fc/1/Neslihan%20Dogan%20Thesis.pdf (Accessed 10.08.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gao C., Shen M., Liu Х., Wang L., Chu M. End-point static control of basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steelmaking based on wavelet transform weighted twin support vector regression // Complexity. 2019. Vol. 2019. Article 7408725. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7408725</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gao C., Shen M., Liu Х., Wang L., Chu M. End-point static control of basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steelmaking based on wavelet transform weighted twin support vector regression. Complexity. 2019, vol. 2019, article 7408725. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7408725</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hofinger S., Hubmer R., Schütt S. Steel expert takes command – optimized performance on BOF converter // Technical contribution to the 16th Automation and Industrial IT Seminar, September 18 – 21, 2012, Rio de Jabeiro, Brazil. Rio de Jabeiro, 2012. P. 408–420. http://doi.org/10.5151/2594-5335-22654</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hofinger S., Hubmer R., Schütt S. Steel Expert takes command – opti­mized performance on BOF converter. In: Technical contribution to the 16th Automation and Industrial IT Seminar, September 18-21, 2012, Rio de Jabeiro, Brazil. Rio de Jabeiro, 2012, pp. 408–420. http://doi.org/10.5151/2594-5335-22654</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kumari V. Mathematical modelling of basic oxygen steel making process: a Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Technology in Mechanical Engineering (Steel Technology). Rourkela, May 2015. 75 p. URL: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/80148601.pdf (дата обращения: 01.05.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kumari V. Mathematical modelling of basic oxygen steel making process: a Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Technology in Mechanical Engineering (Steel Technology). Rourkela, May 2015, 75 p. Available at URL: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/80148601.pdf (Accessed 01.05.2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gherfi S.K., Bendjama H., Bouhouche S., Meradi H. Neural model identification of metallurgical process in oxygen converter // Proceedings of the 12th Int. Multidisciplinary Sci. GeoConference of Modern Management of Mine Producing, Geology and Environmental Protection (SGEM 2012), June 17 – 23, 2012, Albena, Bulgaria. Albena, 2012. Vol. 1. P. 683–690. URL: http://toc.proceedings.com/19962webtoc.pdf (дата обращения: 01.05.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gherfi S.K., Bendjama H., Bouhouche S., Meradi H. Neural mo­del identification of metallurgical process in oxygen converter. In: Proceedings of the 12th Int. Multidisciplinary Sci. GeoConference of Modern Management of Mine Producing, Geology and Environmental Protection (SGEM 2012), June 17-23, 2012, Albena, Bulgaria. Albena, 2012, vol. 1, pp. 683–690. Available at URL: http://toc.proceedings.com/19962webtoc.pdf (Accessed 01.05.2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kruskopf A. Multiphysical Modeling Approach for Basic Oxygen Steelmaking Process: a doctoral dissertation: Helsinki, Finland, 2018. 92 p. URL: https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/bitstream/handle/123456789/29573/isbn9789526077956.pdf?sequence=4&amp;isAllowed=y (дата обращения: 08.10.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kruskopf A. Multiphysical Modeling Approach for Basic Oxygen Steelmaking Process: a doctoral dissertation. Helsinki, Finland, 2018, 92 p. Available at URL: https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/bitstream/handle/123456789/29573/isbn9789526077956.pdf?sequence=4&amp;isAllowed=y (Accessed 10.08.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jo H., Hwang H.J., Phan D., Lee Yu., Jang H. Endpoint temperature prediction model for LD converters using machine-learning techniques // Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE 6th Int. Conf. on Industrial Engineering and Applications (ICIEA), April 12–15, 2019, Tokyo, Japan. Tokyo, 2019. P. 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IEA.2019.8715073</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jo H., Hwang H.J., Phan D., Lee Yu., Jang H. Endpoint temperature prediction model for LD converters using machine-learning techniques. In: Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE 6th Int. Conf. on Industrial Engineering and Applications (ICIEA), April 12-15, 2019, Tokyo, Japan. Tokyo, 2019, pp. 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IEA.2019.8715073</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sarkar R., Gupta P., Basu S., Ballal N.В. Dynamic modeling of LD converter steelmaking: Reaction modeling using Gibbs’ free energy minimization // Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B. 2015. Vol. 46. P. 961–976. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-014-0245-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sarkar R., Gupta P., Basu S., Ballal N.В. Dynamic Modeling of LD converter steelmaking: Reaction modeling using Gibbs’ free energy minimization. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B. 2015, vol. 46, pp. 961–976. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-014-0245-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rout B.K. Modelling of Dephosphorization in Oxygen Steelmaking: a thesis submitted in the fulfillment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Melbourne, Australia, March 2018. 247 p. URL: https://researchbank.swinburne.edu.au/file/28bcd64e-5f32-45c7-8bef-ddf5063d95f5/1/bapin_rout_thesis.pdf (дата обращения: 01.05.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rout B.K. Modelling of Dephosphorization in Oxygen Steelmaking: a thesis submitted in the fulfillment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Melbourne, Australia, March 2018, 247 p. Available at URL: https://researchbank.swinburne.edu.au/file/28bcd64e-5f32-45c7-8bef-ddf5063d95f5/1/bapin_rout_thesis.pdf (Accessed 01.05.2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brooks G.A., Dogan N., Alam M., Naser J., Rhamdhani M.A. Developments in the modelling of oxygen steelmaking // University of Wollongong Research Online. January 2011. P. 1–15. URL: https://ro.uow.edu.au/engpapers/1631 (дата обращения: 08.10.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brooks G.A., Dogan N., Alam M., Naser J., Rhamdhani M.A. Developments in the modelling of oxygen steelmaking. University of Wollongong Research Online. January 2011, pp. 1–15. Available at URL: https://ro.uow.edu.au/engpapers/1631 (Accessed 10.08.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gou H., Irons G.A., Lu W.K. Mathematical modeling of postcombustion in a KOBM converter // Metallurgical Transactions B. February 1993. Vol. 24. P. 179–188. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02657884</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gou H., Irons G.A., Lu W.K. Mathematical modeling of postcombustion in a KOBM converter. Metallurgical Transactions B. Feb­ruary 1993, vol. 24, pp. 179–188. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02657884</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu L., Yang N., You X., Xing K., Hu Y. A temperature prediction model of converters based on gas analysis // Procedia Earth and Planetary Science. 2011. Vol. 2. P. 14–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeps.2011.09.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu L., Yang N., You X., Xing K., Hu Y. A temperature prediction model of converters based on gas analysis. Procedia Earth and Pla­netary Science. 2011, vol. 2, pp. 14–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeps.2011.09.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tang Y., Fabritius T., Härkki J. Mathematical modeling of the argon oxygen decarburization converter exhaust gas system at the reduction stage // Applied Mathematical Modelling. 2005. Vol. 29. No. 5. P. 497–514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2004.09.011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tang Y., Fabritius T., Härkki J. Mathematical modeling of the argon oxygen decarburization converter exhaust gas system at the reduction stage. Applied Mathematical Modelling. 2005, vol. 29, no.  5, pp. 497–514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2004.09.011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Odenthal H.-J., Falkenreck U., Schlüter J. CFD-simulation of multiphase melt flows in steelmaking converters // Proceedings of the European Conf. on Computational Fluid Dynamics (ECCOMAS CFD 2006): September 05 – 08, 2006, Delft, Netherlands. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228686820_CFD_Simulation_of_Multiphase_Melt_Flows_in_Steelmaking_Converters (дата обращения: 01.05.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Odenthal H.-J., Falkenreck U., Schlüter J. CFD-simulation of multiphase melt flows in steelmaking converters. In: Proceedings of the European Conf. on Computational Fluid Dynamics (ECCOMAS CFD 2006): September 05-08, 2006, Delft, Netherlands. Available at URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228686820_CFD_Simulation_of_Multiphase_Melt_Flows_in_Steelmaking_Converters (Accessed 01.05.2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andersson N., Tilliander A., Jonsson L.T.I., Jönsson P. Fundamental decarburisation model of AOD process // Ironmaking &amp; Steelmaking. 2013. Vol. 40. No. 5. P. 390–397. http://doi.org/10.1179/1743281212Y.0000000060</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andersson N., Tilliander A.,  Jonsson L.T.I., Jönsson P. Fundamental decarburisation model of AOD process. Ironmaking &amp; Steelmaking. 2013, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 390–397. http://doi.org/10.1179/1743281212Y.0000000060</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lytvynyuk Y., Corus D., Schenk J., Leoben M., Hiebler M., Sormann A. Thermodynamic and kinetic model of the converter steelmaking process. Part 1: The description of the BOF model // Steel Research International. 2014. Vol. 85. No. 4. P. 537–543. https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.201300272</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lytvynyuk Y., Corus D., Schenk J., Leoben M., Hiebler M., Sormann A. Thermodynamic and kinetic model of the converter steelmaking process. Part 1: The description of the BOF model. Steel Research International. 2014, vol. 85, no. 4, pp. 537–543. https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.201300272</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Penz F.M. Experimental research and mathematical modelling of the melting and dissolution behaviour of scrap in liquid hot metal: Doctoral Thesis. Leoben, Austria, August 2019. 206 p. URL: https://pure.unileoben.ac.at/portal/files/4335151/AC15512656n01.pdf (дата обращения: 01.05.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Penz F.M. Experimental research and mathematical modelling of the melting and dissolution behaviour of scrap in liquid hot me­tal: Doctoral Thesis. Leoben, Austria, August 2019, 206 p. Avai­lable at URL: https://pure.unileoben.ac.at/portal/files/4335151/AC15512656n01.pdf (Accessed 01.05.2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barron M.A., Medina D.Y., Hilerio I. CFD analysis of influence of slag viscosity on the splashing process in an oxygen steelmaking converter // Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Material Scien­ce. 2013. Vol. 3. No. 3. P. 90–93. http://doi.org/10.4236/mnsms.2013.33012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barron M.A., Medina D.Y., Hilerio I. CFD analysis of influence of slag viscosity on the splashing process in an oxygen steelmaking converter. Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Material Science. 2013, vol. 3, no 3. pp. 90–93. http://doi.org/10.4236/mnsms.2013.33012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ярошенко А.В., Синельников В.А., Лавров А.С., Копылов А.Ф. Практика конвертерного производства стали. Липецк: ОАО «НЛМК», 2012. 154 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yaroshenko A.V., Sinel’nikov V.A., Lavrov A.S., Kopylov A.F. BOF Steelmaking Practice. Lipetsk: OJSC “NLMK”, 2012, 154 p (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зборщик А.М. Теоретические основы металлургического производства: Конспект лекций. Донецк: ГВУЗ «ДонНТУ», 2008. 189 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zborshchik A.M. Theoretical Foundations of Metallurgical Production: Lecture Notes. Donetsk: DonNTU, 2008, 189 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кольман Т., Яндл Х. Сравнительный анализ кислородных конвертеров. Оценка технического обслуживания и технологичес­кого процесса // Черные металлы. 2014. № 5. С. 43–49.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kol'man T., Yandl Kh. Comparative analysis of oxygen converters. Assessment of technical service and technological process. Chernye metally. 2014, no. 5, pp. 43–49. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Суворов С.А., Козлов В.В. Эксплуатация футеровок и конст­рукций, выполненных из огнеупорных материалов. Санкт-Петербург: Издательство Санкт-Петербургского государственного технологического института (технического университета), 2011. 147 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Suvorov S.A., Kozlov V.V. Operation of Linings and Structures Made of Refractory Materials. St. Petersburg: Publ. of St. Petersburg State Technological Institute (Technical University), 2011, 147  p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Суворов С.А., Козлов В.В. Научные принципы технологии огнеупоров: Учебное пособие. Санкт-Петербург: Издательство Санкт-Петербургского государственного технологического института (технического университета), 2009. 177 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Suvorov S.A., Kozlov V.V. Scientific Principles of Refractory Technology: Textbook. SPb: SPbSTI (TU), 2009, 177 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чистякова Т.Б., Кудлай В.А., Новожилова И.В. Система поддержки принятия решений по эксплуатации огнеупорной футеровки сталеплавильных конвертеров // Известия Санкт-Петербургского государственного технологического института (технического университета). 2016. № 37(63). С. 60–66.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chistyakova T.B., Kudlai V.A., Novozhilova I.V. Decision support system for the operation of refractory lining of steelmaking conver­ters. Izvestiya SPbSTI (TU). 2016, no. 37(63), pp. 60–66. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пантейков С.П. Верхние дутьевые устройства кислородных конвертеров Украины: состояние, проблемы, перспективы разработки // Сборник научных трудов ДГТУ (технические науки). Днепродзержинск: ДГТУ, 2005. С. 22–32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Panteikov S.P. Upper blowing devices of oxygen converters in Ukraine: State, problems, development prospects. In: Transactions of DSTU (technical sciences). Dneprodzerzhinsk: DSTU, 2005, pp.  22–32. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пантейков С.П. Этапы совершенствования сварных конструкций пятисопловых фурменных головок в конвертерном цехе ПАО «Днепровский металлургический комбинат» // Известия вузов. Черная металлургия. 2020. Т. 63. № 10. С. 815–822. https://doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2020-10-815-822</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Panteikov S.P. Development of welded structure of 5-nozzle lance heads in converter shop of PJSC “Dneprovsky Metallurgical Combine”. Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy. 2020, vol. 63, no. 10, pp. 815–822. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2020-10-815-822</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De la Cruz S., Barron M.A., Medina D.Y., Reyes J. Lance Design for Argon Bubbling in Molten Steel // World Journal of Engineering and Technology. August 2020. Vol. 8. No. 3. P. 317–328. https://doi.org/10.4236/wjet.2020.83025</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De la Cruz S., Barron M.A., Medina D.Y., Reyes J. Lance design for argon bubbling in molten steel. World Journal of Engineering and Technology. 2020, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 317–328. https://doi.org/10.4236/wjet.2020.83025</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жульковский О.А. Численное исследование температурного режима работы ствола верхней конвертерной фурмы // Известия вузов. Черная металлургия. 1998. № 1. С. 16–19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhul’kovskii O.A. Numerical study of operating temperature of top converter lance barrel. Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy. 1998, no. 1, pp. 16–19. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дульнев Г.Н., Парфенов В.Г., Сигалов А.В. Применение ЭВМ для решения задач теплообмена. Москва: Высшая школа, 1990. 207 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dul’nev G.N., Parfenov V.G., Sigalov A.V. Computer Application for Solving Heat Transfer Problems. Moscow: Vysshaya shkola, 1990, 207 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Самарский А.А. Теория разностных схем. Москва: Наука, 1989. 616 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Samarskii A.A. Theory of Difference Schemes. Moscow: Nauka, 1989, 616 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жульковский О.А., Жульковская И.И., Бабенко М.В. Особен­ности математического моделирования процессов комбинированного теплообмена в технологических системах // Математическое моделирование. 2016. № 1(34). С. 7–10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhul’kovskii O.A., Zhul’kovskaya I.I., Babenko M.V. Features of mathematical modeling of combined heat transfer processes in technological systems. Matematicheskoe modelirovanie. 2016, no. 1(34), pp. 7–10. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Microsoft. Документация по C#. URL: https://docs.microsoft.com/ru-ru/dotnet/csharp/ (дата обращения: 01.05.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Microsoft. C# Documentation. Available at URL: https://docs.microsoft.com/ru-ru/dotnet/csharp/ (Accessed 01.05.2022). (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
