blackmetИзвестия высших учебных заведений. Черная МеталлургияIzvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy0368-07972410-2091National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"10.17073/0368-0797-2022-5-305-322blackmet-2307Research ArticleФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ МЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВPHYSICO-CHEMICAL BASICS OF METALLURGICAL PROCESSESКарбиды некоторых переходных металлов. Свойства, области применения и методы получения. Часть 1. Карбиды титана и ванадия (обзор)Carbides of transition metals: Properties, application and production. Review. Part 1. Titanium and vanadium carbideshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2524-4143КрутскийЮ. Л.KrutskiiYu. L.

Юрий Леонидович Крутский, к.т.н, доцент кафедры химии и химической технологии

Россия, 630073, Новосибирск, пр. Карла Маркса, 20

Yurii L. Krutskii, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Prof. of the Chair “Chemistry and Chemical Technology”

20 K. Marksa Ave., Novosibirsk 630073, Russian Federation

krutskii@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4724-3371ГудымаТ. С.GudymaT. S.

Татьяна Сергеевна Гудыма, аспирант кафедры химии и хими­ческой технологии

Россия, 630073, Новосибирск, пр. Карла Маркса, 20

Tat’yana S. Gudyma, Postgraduate of the Chair “Chemistry and Chemical Technology”

20 K. Marksa Ave., Novosibirsk 630073, Russian Federation

gudymatan@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0459-9180КучумоваИ. Д.KuchumovaI. D.

Иванна Денисовна Кучумова, аспирант кафедры материаловедения в машиностроении, Новосибирский государственный технический университет; младший научный сотрудник лаборатории моделирования гетерофазных материалов, Институт гидродинамики им. М.А. Лаврентьева СО РАН

Россия, 630073, Новосибирск, пр. Карла Маркса, 20

Россия, 630090, Новосибирск, пр. Академика Лаврентьева, 15

Ivanna D. Kuchumova, Postgraduate of the Chair “Materials Science in Mechanical Engineering”, Novosibirsk State Technical University; Junior Researcher of the Laboratory of Heterophase Materials Modeling, Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

20 K. Marksa Ave., Novosibirsk 630073, Russian Federation

15 Akademika Lavrent'eva Аve., Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation

ivannakz@mail.ruХабировР. Р.KhabirovR. R.

Роман Рафаэлович Хабиров, магистрант кафедры материаловедения в машиностроении

Россия, 630073, Новосибирск, пр. Карла Маркса, 20

Roman R. Khabirov, MA Student of the Chair “Materials Science in Mechanical Engineering”

20 K. Marksa Ave., Novosibirsk 630073, Russian Federation

surlyrockfox@rambler.ruАнтроповаК. А.AntropovaK. A.

Кристина Александровна Антропова, студент кафедры материаловедения в машиностроении

Россия, 630073, Новосибирск, пр. Карла Маркса, 20

Kristina A. Antropova, Student of the Chair “Materials Science in Mechanical Engineering”

20 K. Marksa Ave., Novosibirsk 630073, Russian Federation

akrist2017@gmail.comНовосибирский государственный технический университетРоссияNovosibirsk State Technical UniversityRussian FederationНовосибирский государственный технический университет; Институт гидродинамики им. М.А. Лаврентьева СО РАНРоссияNovosibirsk State Technical University; Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202221052022655305322Copyright © Крутский Ю.Л., Гудыма Т.С., Кучумова И.Д., Хабиров Р.Р., Антропова К.А., 20222022Крутский Ю.Л., Гудыма Т.С., Кучумова И.Д., Хабиров Р.Р., Антропова К.А.Krutskii Y.L., Gudyma T.S., Kuchumova I.D., Khabirov R.R., Antropova K.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2307

Рассмотрены свойства, области применения и методы получения карбидов титана и ванадия. Эти карбиды относятся к  бескислородным тугоплавким металлоподобным соединениям. Вследствие этого они характеризуются высокими значениями тепло- и  электропроводности. Твердость их сравнительно велика. Карбиды титана и ванадия проявляют значительную химическую стойкость в агрессивных средах. По этим причинам они нашли применение в современной технике. Эти карбиды используются в качестве наплавочных материалов при нанесении износостойких покрытий на стальные изделия. Возможно их использование в качестве катализаторов в органическом синтезе. Карбид титана применяется в безвольфрамовых твердых сплавах, карбидосталях. Вследствие высокой твердости он используется как абразив и компонент керамических режущих инструментов. Однако при выплавке ванадиевого чугуна образование карбида и карбонитрида титана нежелательно, поскольку они из-за тугоплавкости увеличивают вязкость расплава. Карбид ванадия служит ингибитором роста зерен карбида вольфрама в твердых сплавах. Свойства тугоплавких соединений зависят от содержания примесей и дисперсности (размеров частиц). Для решения конкретной задачи, связанной с применением тугоплавких соединений, важно правильно выбрать метод их получения и определить допустимое содержание примесей в исходных компонентах. Это обусловливает наличие разных методов синтеза карбидов. Основными методами их получения являются синтез из простых веществ (металлы и углерод), металлотермическое и карботермическое восстановление. Также для получения нанопорошков карбидов применяется плазмохимический синтез (осаждение из парогазовой фазы). Дана характеристика каждому из этих методов. Приведены сведения о возможном механизме процессов карботермического синтеза.

The properties, application, and methods for producing titanium and vanadium carbides are considered. These carbides are oxygen-free refractory metal-like compounds. As a result, they are characterized by high values of thermal and electrical conductivity. Their hardness is relatively high. Titanium and vanadium carbides exhibit significant chemical resistance in aggressive environments. For these reasons, they have found application in  modern technology. These carbides are used as surfacing materials for the application of wear-resistant coatings to steel products. It is possible to  use them as catalysts in organic synthesis. Titanium carbide is used in tungsten-free hard alloys, carbide steels. Due to its high hardness, it is used as an abrasive and as a component of ceramic cutting tools. Vanadium carbide serves as an inhibitor of the growth of tungsten carbide grains in hard alloys. The properties of refractory compounds depend on the content of impurities and dispersion (particle size). To solve a specific problem associated with the use of refractory compounds, it is important to choose the right method for their preparation and to determine the permissible content of impurities in the initial components. This leads to existence of different methods for the synthesis of carbides. The main methods for their preparation are: synthesis from simple substances (metals and carbon), metallothermal and carbothermal reduction. Plasma-chemical synthesis (vapor-gas phase deposition) is also used to obtain carbide nanopowders. A characteristic is given to each of these methods. Information on the possible mechanism of the processes of carbothermal synthesis is presented.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.