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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2022-5-323-332</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-2306</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ МЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICO-CHEMICAL BASICS OF METALLURGICAL PROCESSES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Литая структура и свойства дуплексных нержавеющих сталей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cast structure and properties of duplex stainless steels</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4817-4048</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Житенев</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhitenev</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Игоревич Житенев, ведущий инженер Научно-технологического комплекса «Новые технологии и материалы»</p><p>Россия, 195251, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Политехническая, 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrei I. Zhitenev, Leading Engineer of the Scientific and Technological Complex “New Technologies and Materials”</p><p>29 Politekhnicheskaya Str., St. Petersburg 195251, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zhitenev.ai1991@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2571-060X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федоров</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Сергеевич Федоров, инженер Научно-технологического комплекса «Новые технологии и материалы»</p><p>Россия, 195251, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Политехническая, 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr S. Fedorov, Engineer of the Scientific and Technological Complex “New Technologies and Materials”</p><p>29 Politekhnicheskaya Str., St. Petersburg 195251, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">san.fyodorov2012@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1066-3812</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалев</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalev</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павел Валерьевич Ковалев, к.т.н., доцент Высшей школы физики и технологий материалов</p><p>Россия, 195251, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Политехническая, 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel V. Kovalev, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Prof. of Higher School of Phy­sics and Technology of Materials</p><p>29 Politekhnicheskaya Str., St. Petersburg 195251, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kovalev_pv@spbstu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9965-7966</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стрекаловская</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Strekalovskaya</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дарья Андреевна Стрекаловская, инженер Научно-технологического комплекса «Новые технологии и материалы»</p><p>Россия, 195251, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Политехническая, 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dar’ya A. Strekalovskaya, Engineer of the Scientific and Technological Complex “New Technologies and Materials”</p><p>29 Politekhnicheskaya Str., St. Petersburg 195251, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">darya.strek@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6701-1765</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Альхименко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Al’khimenko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Александрович Альхименко, директор Научно-технологического комплекса «Новые технологии и материалы»</p><p>Россия, 195251, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Политехническая, 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksei A. Al’khimenko, Director of the Scientific and Technological Complex “New Technologies and Materials”</p><p>29 Politekhnicheskaya Str., St. Petersburg 195251, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.alkhimenko@spbstu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>65</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>323</fpage><lpage>332</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Житенев А.И., Федоров А.С., Ковалев П.В., Стрекаловская Д.А., Альхименко А.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Житенев А.И., Федоров А.С., Ковалев П.В., Стрекаловская Д.А., Альхименко А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhitenev A.I., Fedorov A.S., Kovalev P.V., Strekalovskaya D.A., Al’khimenko A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2306">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2306</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящее время в машиностроении все большее применение находят дуплексные нержавеющие стали, в которых аустенит и феррит находятся в примерно равных долях. При получении литых изделий из этих сталей в отливках формируется химическая и  структурная неоднородность, для устранения которой проводят термическую обработку. На практике в рамках одного класса или даже одной марки стали химический состав и, как следствие, соотношение фаз могут варьироваться в широком диапазоне, не достигая своих оптимальных значений. В работе исследовано влияние химического состава и условий кристаллизации на структуру и свойства литых дуплексных нержавеющих сталей и разработаны термодинамические критерии для выбора литейных сплавов, учитывающие температуру начала полиморфного превращения δ-феррита в аустенит и среднюю равновесную скорость этого превращения. Установлено, что в  изученных сталях с 21 – 26 % хрома кристаллизация протекает с образованием дендритов δ-феррита, а аустенит образуется в твердом металле по местам бывших междендритных пространств. Показано, что при скоростях охлаждения, существующих при получении, например, корпусов центробежных насосов или других изделий близкого размера, превращение δ-феррита в аустенит практически подавляется при достижении температуры 1180 – 1200 °С. На основе этого можно разработать составы дуплексных нержавеющих сталей, позволяющие получить требуемое соотношение аустенита и феррита без дополнительной термической обработки. Изучена эволюция структуры при термической обработке при температурах 1050 – 1250 °С и показано, как выбирая оптимальную температуру отжига и  закалки в зависимости от реального химического состава стали, можно добиться приемлемого уровня потенциала питтингообразования с меньшим легированием. И наоборот, неоптимальная термообработка высоколегированного сплава приводит к катастрофическому снижению коррозионной стойкости. В рассмотренных сталях оптимальные свойства достигаются уже при 70 % δ-феррита.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Currently, duplex stainless steels are increasingly used in industry. Austenite and ferrite in these steels are in approximately equal proportions. During manufacture of cast products from these steels, a chemical and structural heterogeneity is formed in the castings, for the elimination of which heat treatment is carried out. In practice, within the framework of one class or even one steel grade, the chemical composition and, as a consequence, the phase ratio can vary over a wide range without reaching their optimal values. In this paper, the authors investigated the influence of chemical composition and solidification conditions on the structure and properties of cast duplex stainless steels and developed thermodynamic criteria for the selection of casting alloys, taking into account the temperature of beginning of the polymorphic transformation of δ-ferrite into austenite and the average equilibrium rate of this transformation. It was found that in the studied steels with 21 – 26 % of chromium, crystallization proceeds with the formation of δ-ferrite dendrites, and austenite is formed in the solid metal at the places of the former interdendrite spaces. It is shown that at cooling rates, which are realized in practice when obtaining, for example, casings of centrifugal pumps or other products of a similar size, the transformation of δ-ferrite into austenite is practically suppressed when the temperature reaches 1180 – 1200 °C. On the basis of this, a criterion for the development of compositions with the required phase ratio without heat treatment was proposed. The evolution of the structure during heat treatment at temperatures of 1050 – 1250 °C was studied and it is shown how by choosing the optimal temperature of annealing and quenching, depending on the actual chemical composition of steel, it is possible to achieve an acceptable level of pitting potential in steel with a lower alloying, and vice versa, non-optimal heat treatment of a high-doped alloy leads to a catastrophic decrease in corrosion resistance. It is shown that in the steels under consideration optimal properties are achieved at 70 % of δ-ferrite.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дуплексная нержавеющая сталь</kwd><kwd>термодинамическое моделирование</kwd><kwd>микроструктура</kwd><kwd>литая структура</kwd><kwd>критерии выбора сплавов</kwd><kwd>потенциал питтингообразования</kwd><kwd>твердость</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>duplex stainless steel</kwd><kwd>thermodynamic modeling</kwd><kwd>microstructure</kwd><kwd>cast structure</kwd><kwd>alloy selection criteria</kwd><kwd>pitting potential</kwd><kwd>hardness</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Минобрнауки России (соглашение № 075–15–2020–934 от 17.11.2020).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was supported by the Russian Ministry of Education and Science (Agreement No. 075–15–2020–934 dated 17.11. 2020).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Practical Guidelines for the Fabrication of Duplex Stainless Steels. 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