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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2022-3-209-215</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-2277</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATERIAL SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Трансформация структурно-фазовых состояний в головке рельсов при экстремально длительной эксплуатации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Transformation of structural-phase states in rail head at extremely long-term operation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецов</surname><given-names>Р. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsov</surname><given-names>R. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Роман Вадимович Кузнецов, соискатель степени к.т.н. кафедры естественнонаучных дисциплин им. профессора В.М. Финкеля</p><p>654007, Кемеровская обл. – Кузбасс, Новокузнецк, ул. Кирова, 42</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman V. Kuznetsov, Candidates for a degree of Cand. Sci. (Eng.) of the Chair of Science named after V.M. Finkel’</p><p>42 Kirova Str., Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass 654007</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mail@kuzmash.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5147-5343</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кормышев</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kormyshev</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Василий Евгеньевич Кормышев, к.т.н., старший научный сотрудник Управления научных исследований</p><p>654007, Кемеровская обл. – Кузбасс, Новокузнецк, ул. Кирова, 42</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vasilii E. Kormyshev, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Senior Researcher of Department of Scientific Researches</p><p>42 Kirova Str., Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass 654007</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">89236230000@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5147-5343</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Громов</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gromov</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктор Евгеньевич Громов, д.ф.-м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой естественнонаучных дисциплин им. В.М. Финкеля</p><p>654007, Кемеровская обл. – Кузбасс, Новокузнецк, ул. Кирова, 42</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor E. Gromov, Dr. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Prof., Head of the Chair of Science named after V.M. Finkel</p><p>42 Kirova Str., Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass 654007</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gromov@physics.sibsiu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8022-7958</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>Ю. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>Yu. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юрий Федорович Иванов, д.ф.-м.н., главный научный сотрудник лаборатории плазменной эмиссионной электроники</p><p>634055, Томск, Академический пр., 2/3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yurii F. Ivanov, Dr. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Chief Researcher of the Laboratory of Plasma Emission Electronics, Institute of High Current Electronics</p><p>2/3 Akademicheskii Ave., Tomsk 634055</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yufi55@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5677-1427</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шлярова</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shlyarova</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлия Андреевна Шлярова, аспирант кафедры естественнонаучных дисциплин им. профессора В.М. Финкеля</p><p>654007, Кемеровская обл. – Кузбасс, Новокузнецк, ул. Кирова, 42</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuliya A. Shlyarova, Postgraduate of the Chair of Science named after V.M. Finkel’</p><p>42 Kirova Str., Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass 654007</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rubannikova96@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сибирский государственный индустриальный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Industrial University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт сильноточной электроники СО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of High Current Electronics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>65</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>209</fpage><lpage>215</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кузнецов Р.В., Кормышев В.Е., Громов В.Е., Иванов Ю.Ф., Шлярова Ю.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кузнецов Р.В., Кормышев В.Е., Громов В.Е., Иванов Ю.Ф., Шлярова Ю.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuznetsov R.V., Kormyshev V.E., Gromov V.E., Ivanov Y.F., Shlyarova Y.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2277">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2277</self-uri><abstract><p>На макро-, микро- и наномасштабном уровне методами оптической, сканирующей и просвечивающей электронной дифракционной микроскопии выявлены количественные преобразования структуры на глубине 0, 2, 5, 10 мм по центральной оси и оси симметрии выкружки головки длинномерных дифференцированно закаленных рельсов после экстремально длительной эксплуатации (пропущенный тоннаж 1770 млн т брутто). На макромасштабном уровне на поверхности рабочей выкружки наблюдаются многочисленные неглубокие параллельные трещины контактной усталости, а на поверхности нерабочей выкружки – мелкие выкрашивания. Боковой износ рельса составил 2,5 мм, а вертикальный – 2 мм. Микроструктура металла головки рельса соответствует требованиям стандарта и техническим условиям РЖД. На микромасштабном уровне установлена трансформация пластин цементита путем его разрезания движущимися дислокациями и растворения с уходом углерода на линии дислокаций, мало- и большеугловые границы. Отмечается уменьшение дисперсности микроструктуры по мере удаления от поверхности катания. На наномасштабном уровне формирующаяся в поверхностных слоях субзеренная структура (размер субзерен 110 – 200 мкм) содержит наноразмерные частицы цементита (25 – 60 нм), локализованные в стыках и вдоль границ субзерен. Высказано предположение, что данный тип структуры формируется как результат динамической рекристаллизации при мегапластической деформации, реализуемой в процессе экстремально длительной эксплуатации рельсов. Содержание субзеренной структуры в слое выкружки в пять раз превышает содержание в поверхностном слое поверхности катания. Установлено, что в процессе эксплуатации преобразование пластинчатого перлита по центральной оси головки протекает медленнее, чем по оси симметрии выкружки.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Quantitative transformations of the structure at a depth of 0, 2, 5, 10 mm along the central and symmetry axis of the fillet of long differentially quenched rails head after extremely long-term operation (passed tonnage of 1770 mln. gross tons) were identified at macro-, micro- and nanoscale levels by methods of optical, scanning and transmission electron diffraction microscopy. At a macroscale level, the numerous shallow parallel cracks of contact fatigue are detected on the surface of working fillet, and on the surface of inoperative fillet there are only small spallings. The lateral wear of the rail was 2.5 mm and the vertical wear was 2 mm. Microstructure of the rail head metal corresponds to the requirements of standards and specifications of the Russian Railways. At microscale level, the transformation of cementite plates was established by cutting it with moving dislocations and dissolving with the escape of carbon to the dislocation lines, low- and high-angle boundaries. A decrease in microstructure dispersion is noted with a distance from the tread surface. At the nanoscale level, subgrain structure formed in the surface layers (subgrain size 110 – 200 μm) contains nanosized cementite particles (25 – 60 nm) localized at the joints and along the subgrain boundaries. It is supposed that this type of structure is formed as a result of dynamic recrystallization under megaplastic deformation in the process of extremely long-term operation of rails. The content of subgrain structure in the fillet layer is five-fold higher than that in surface layer of the tread surface. It was established that during operation, the transformation of lamellar perlite along the central axis of the head proceeds more slowly than along the symmetry axis of the fillet.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>масштабные уровни</kwd><kwd>структура</kwd><kwd>эволюция</kwd><kwd>рельсы</kwd><kwd>поверхность катания</kwd><kwd>выкружка</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>scale levels</kwd><kwd>structure</kwd><kwd>evolution</kwd><kwd>rails</kwd><kwd>tread surface</kwd><kwd>fillet</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке гранта РФФИ № 19-32-60001. Выражаем благодарность Е.В. Полевому за предоставленные образцы и А.Е. Корочкину за обсуждение результатов работы.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was supported by the grant of RFBR (No. 19-32-60001). The authors express their gratitude to E.V. Polevoi for the samples provided, and A.E. Korochkin for discussing the research results.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yuriev A.A., Gromov V.E., Ivanov Yu.F., Rubannikova Yu.A., Starostenkov M.D., Tabakov P.Y. Structure and Properties of Lengthy Rails after Extreme Long-Term Operation. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. 193 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yuriev A.A., Gromov V.E., Ivanov Yu.F., Rubannikova Yu.A., Starostenkov M.D., Tabakov P.Y. Structure and Properties of Lengthy Rails after Extreme Long-Term Operation. 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