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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2022-3-190-199</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-2275</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATERIAL SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Хладостойкость новой литейной Cr – Mn – Ni – Mo – N стали. Часть 2. Исследование фактора частиц неметаллических включений при статическом и ударном нагружении при пониженных температурах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cold resistance of new cast Cr – Mn – Ni – Mo – N steel. Part 2. Studying non-metallic inclusion particles under static and impact loading at low temperatures</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2136-5792</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костина</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostina</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мария Владимировна Костина, д.т.н., доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующий лабораторией физикохимии и механики металлических материалов; профессор</p><p>119991, Москва, Ленинский пр., 49</p><p>125993, Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mariya V. Kostina, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Prof., Senior Researcher, Head of the Laboratory “Physicochemistry and Mechanics of Metallic Materials”; Prof.</p><p>49 Leninskii Ave., Moscow 119991</p><p>4 Volokolamskoe Route, Moscow 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mvk@imet.ac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудряшов</surname><given-names>А. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudryashov</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Эдуардович Кудряшов, инженер-исследователь</p><p>119991, Москва, Ленинский пр., 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr E. Kudryashov, Research Engineer</p><p>49 Leninskii Ave., Moscow 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">al.kudriashov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ригина</surname><given-names>Л. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rigina</surname><given-names>L. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Людмила Георгиевна Ригина, к.т.н., ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>119991, Москва, Ленинский пр., 49</p><p>115088, Москва, Шарикоподшипниковская ул., 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyudmila G. Rigina, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Leading Researcher</p><p>49 Leninskii Ave., Moscow 119991</p><p>4 Sharikopodshipnikovskaya Str., Moscow 115088</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">LGRigina@cniitmash.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мурадян</surname><given-names>С. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Muradyan</surname><given-names>S. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Саркис Ованесович Мурадян, к.т.н., научный сотрудник лаборатории физикохимии и механики металлических материалов</p><p>119991, Москва, Ленинский пр., 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sarkis O. Muradyan, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Research Associate of the Laboratory “Physicochemistry and Mechanics of Metallic Materials”</p><p>49 Leninskii Ave., Moscow 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">muradianso@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антонова</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonova</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Станиславовна Антонова, младший научный сот</p><p>119991, Москва, Ленинский пр., 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ol’ga S. Antonova, Junior Researcher</p><p>49 Leninskii Ave., Moscow 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7956-499X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костина</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostina</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Валентина Сергеевна Костина, к.т.н., младший научный сотрудник лаборатории физикохимии и механики металлических материалов</p><p>119991, Москва, Ленинский пр., 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentina S. Kostina, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Junior Researcher of the Laboratory “Physicochemistry and Mechanics of Metallic Materials”</p><p>49 Leninskii Ave., Moscow 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vskostina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт металлургии и материаловедения им. А.А. Байкова РАН; Московский авиационный институт (национальный исследовательский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт металлургии и материаловедения им. А.А. Байкова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт металлургии и материаловедения им. А.А. Байкова РАН; Центральный научно-исследовательский институт технологии машиностроения, ОАО НПО «ЦНИИТМАШ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences; JSC Russian State Research Center “CNIITMASH”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>65</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>190</fpage><lpage>199</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Костина М.В., Кудряшов А.Э., Ригина Л.Г., Мурадян С.О., Антонова О.С., Костина В.С., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Костина М.В., Кудряшов А.Э., Ригина Л.Г., Мурадян С.О., Антонова О.С., Костина В.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kostina M.V., Kudryashov A.E., Rigina L.G., Muradyan S.O., Antonova O.S., Kostina V.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2275">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2275</self-uri><abstract><p>Новая литейная аустенитная Cr – Ni – Mn сталь с 0,5 % N (марка 05Х21АГ15Н8МФЛ) во всем интервале климатических температур превосходит по ударной вязкости литую сталь сравнения типа 18Cr – 10 Ni. В статье уделено внимание частицам неметаллических включений (НВ) в литом металле азотистой стали как фактору, способному влиять на механические свойства при статическом и ударном нагружении при пониженных температурах. Неметаллические включения в лабораторном металле представляют собой глобулярные оксисульфиды с оксидами SiO2 в центральной части и наружным слоем, сформированным сульфидом марганца MnS, со средним размером ~75 % частиц до 4 мкм. Установлено, что при испытаниях литой стали на ударный изгиб при –160 °С эти НВ не служат источником зарождения трещин и не способствуют их распространению, находясь в изломе в изолированных ямках. В условиях растяжения при –110 °С предел текучести азотистой стали возрастает более, чем в 1,7 раза по сравнению со свойствами при +20 °С, пластичность при охлаждении до –110 °С не снижается. При этом частицы НВ сильно деформируются за счет развития в их оксидной части трещин и даже при выходе на поверхность образца в рабочей части в зоне шейки они не служат источником зарождения трещин. Трещины на границе НВ – деформирующийся металл не образуются. Даже при случайном расположении частиц в виде цепочек вдоль оси приложения растягивающей нагрузки на расстоянии 5 – 20 мкм друг от друга не происходит формирования пор вокруг частиц и их слияния в зародыш трещины. Полученные результаты коррелируют с литературными данными о том, что в пластичных сталях НВ могут действовать как релаксаторы напряжений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>New cast austenitic Cr – Ni – Mn steel with 0.5 % N (grade 05Kh21AG15N8MF) surpasses cast steel of 18 Cr – 10 Ni type used for comparison in terms of the impact strength in the entire range of climatic temperatures. This part of the paper will pay attention to particles of non-metallic inclusions (NMI) in cast nitrogen-containing steel as a factor which affects mechanical properties under static and impact loading at low temperatures. NMI in laboratory metal consist of globular oxysulfides, with SiO2 oxides in the central part and an outer layer formed by manganese sulfide MnS, with an average particle size of ~75 % up to 4 μm. During the steel impact bend test at –160 °C, these NMI do not initiate cracking and do not contribute to crack propagation as a fracture in isolated pits. Under tensile conditions at –110 °C, the yield strength of nitrogen-containing steel increases by more than 1.7 times in comparison with the properties at +20 °C. Ductility does not decrease when cooled to –110 °C. In this case, NMI particles are strongly deformed due to the development of cracks in their oxide part. Even when NMI reach the surface of a sample in the working part in the neck zone, they do not initiate cracking. Cracks at the “NMI/deforming metal” interface are not formed. Even with a random arrangement of particles in the form of chains along the axis of application of the tensile load, at a distance of 5 – 20 μm from each other, pores do not form around the particles or merge into a crack nucleus. The results obtained correlate with the literature data that NMI can act as stress relaxers in ductile steels.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>литая аустенитная сталь</kwd><kwd>хладостойкость</kwd><kwd>азот</kwd><kwd>неметаллические включения</kwd><kwd>излом</kwd><kwd>трещины</kwd><kwd>деформация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cast austenitic steel</kwd><kwd>cold resistance</kwd><kwd>nitrogen</kwd><kwd>non-metallic inclusions</kwd><kwd>fracture</kwd><kwd>cracks</kwd><kwd>deformation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Костина М.В., Поломошнов П.Ю., Блинов В.М., Мурадян С.О., Костина В.С. Хладостойкость новой литейной Cr–Mn–Ni–Mo–N стали с 0,5 % N. Часть 1 // Известия вузов. Черная металлургия. 2019. Т. 62. № 11. 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