blackmetИзвестия высших учебных заведений. Черная МеталлургияIzvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy0368-07972410-2091National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"10.17073/0368-0797-2021-10-747-754blackmet-2192Research ArticleМАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕMATERIAL SCIENCEПрименение высокоэнтропийных сплавовApplication of high-entropy alloyshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5147-5343ГромовВ. Е.GromovV. E.

Громов Виктор Евгеньевич – доктор физико-математических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой естественнонаучных дисциплин им. профессора В.М. Финкеля.

654007, Кемеровская обл. - Кузбасс, Новокузнецк, ул. Кирова, 42.

Viktor E. Gromov - Dr. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Prof., Head of the Chair of Scien ce named after V.M. Finkel', Siberian State Industrial University.

42 Kirova Str., Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region - Kuzbass 654007.

gromov@physics.sibsiu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5677-1427ШляроваЮ. А.ShlyarovaYu. A.

Шлярова Юлия Андреевна - аспирант кафедры естественнонаучных дисциплин им. профессора В.М. Финкеля.

654007, Кемеровская обл. - Кузбасс, Новокузнецк, ул. Кирова, 42.

Yuliya A. Shlyarova - Postgraduate of the Chair of Science named after V.M. Finkel', Siberian State Industrial University.

42 Kirova Str., Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region - Kuzbass 654007.

rubannikova96@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4809-8660КоноваловС. В.KonovalovS. V.

Коновалов Сергей Валерьевич - доктор технических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой технологии металлов и авиационного материаловедения.

443086, Самара, Московское шоссе, 34.

Sergei V. Konovalov - Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Prof., Head of the Chair of Metals Technology and Aviation Materials, Samara National Research University.

34 Moskovskoe Route, Samara 443086.

ksv@ssau.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3957-0249ВоробьевС. В.Vorob'evS. V.

Воробьев Сергей Владимирович – доктор технических наук, старший научный сотрудник Управления научных исследований.

654007, Кемеровская обл. - Кузбасс, Новокузнецк, ул. Кирова, 42.

Sergei V. Vorob'ev - Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Senior Researcher of Department of Scientific Researches, Siberian State Industrial University.

42 Kirova Str., Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region - Kuzbass 654007.

sparrow1981@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5154-5498ПерегудовО. А.PeregudovO. A.

Перегудов Олег Александрович – кандидат технических наук, помощник ректора по молодежной политике.

644050, Омск, пр. Мира, 11.

Oleg A. Peregudov - Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assistant to the Rector for Youth Policy, Omsk State Technical University.

11 Mira Ave., Omsk 644050.

olegomgtu@mail.ruСибирский государственный индустриальный университетРоссияSiberian State Industrial UniversityRussian FederationСамарский национальный исследовательский университет им. академика С.П. КоролеваРоссияSamara National Research UniversityRussian FederationОмский государственный технический университетРоссияOmsk State Technical UniversityRussian Federation2021241120216410747754Copyright © Громов В.Е., Шлярова Ю.А., Коновалов С.В., Воробьев С.В., Перегудов О.А., 20212021Громов В.Е., Шлярова Ю.А., Коновалов С.В., Воробьев С.В., Перегудов О.А.Gromov V.E., Shlyarova Y.A., Konovalov S.V., Vorob'ev S.V., Peregudov O.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2192

Из накопленной информации о структуре, свойствах, стабильности, методах получения высокоэнтропийных сплавов (ВЭС), созданных в начале XXI века, следует, что они обладают целым комплексом полезных свойств, что предполагает их перспективное использование в разных отраслях промышленности. Выполнен краткий обзор работ последних 5 лет по анализу возможностей применения ВЭС в конкретных наукоемких отраслях. В биомедицине защитные покрытия из ВЭС (TiZrNbHfTa)N и (TiZrNbHfTa)O обладают биосовместимостью, высоким уровнем механических свойств, высокой износо- и коррозионной стойкостью в физиологических средах, отличной адгезией. Изделия из (MoTa)χNbTiZr успешно прошли клинические испытания, будучи имплантированными в живую мышечную ткань. Разработанные ВЭС на основе редкоземельных элементов и металлов группы Fe типа YbTbDyAlMe (Me = Fe, Co, Ni) обладают магнитокалорическим эффектом, имеют температуру Кюри, близкую к комнатной, и могут быть использованы в современных рефрижераторных устройствах. Изменяя стехиометрический состав ВЭС CoCrFeNiTi, легируя их и проводя термическую обработку, удается получить магнитомягкие материалы. Приведены области применения ВЭС в качестве катализаторов окисления аммиака (PtPdRhRuCe), разложения аммиака (RuRhCoNiIr), окисления ароматических спиртов (Co0,2Ni0,2Cu0,2Mg0,2Zn0,2 ), электрокатализаторов выделения водорода (Ni20Fe20Mo10Cr15Co35 ), реакций окисления-восстановления (AlCuNiPtMn и AlNiCuPtPdAu), окисления метанола/этанола. ВЭС могут использоваться в качестве электродов - анодов и катодов для Li-ионных и Na-ионных аккумуляторов. Синтезированный нанопористый ВЭС AlCoCrFeNi обладает высокой объемной плотностью (до 700 Ф/см3 ) и циклической стабильностью ( >3000 циклов) и используется в суперконденсаторах. Высокоэнтропийные оксиды типа (MgNiCoCuZn)0,95Li0,05O с высокими диэлектрическими свойствами в широком частотном диапазоне могут использоваться в электронных преобразователях. Приведены примеры применения ВЭС в качестве покрытий деталей судов, эксплуатирующихся в морской воде, разнородных сварных соединений, деталей ядерных реакторов. Указаны перспективы расширения областей применения ВЭС.

From accumulated information on structure, properties, stability, and methods of manufacturing the high-entropy alloys (HEA) created early in the 21 century it follows that they possess a whole complex of useful properties that suggests their perspective application in different branches of industry. The authors have made a short review of scientific articles on analysis of possibilities of HEA application in specific science-consuming branches of the last 5 years. In biomedicine the protective coatings made of (TiZrNbHfTa)N and (TiZrNbHfTa)O HEAs possess biocompatibility, high level of mechanical properties, high wear- and corrosion resistance in physiological media, and excellent adhesion. Products made of (MoTa)χNbTiZr passed clinical tests successfully when being implanted to living muscular tissue. The developed HEAs based on rare-earth elements and metals of Fe group such as YbTbDyAlMe (Me = Fe, Co, Ni) possess magnetocaloric effect, have Curie temperature close to room one and may be used in modern refrigerator mechanisms. Changing in stoichiometric composition of CoCrFeNiTi HEAs, alloying them and performing thermal treatment, the researchers succeed in obtaining soft magnetic materials. Fields of HEA application are presented as following: catalysts of ammonia oxidation - (PtPdRhRuCe), ammonia decomposition - (RuRhCoNiIr), oxidation of aromatic alcohols - (Co0,2Ni0,2Cu0,2Mg0,2Zn0,2 ), electric catalysts of hydrogen extraction - (Ni20Fe20Mo10Cr15Co35 ), redox reactions (AlCuNiPtMn and AlNiCuPtPdAu), and oxidation of methanol/ethanol. HEAs can be used as electrodes - anodes and cathodes for Li-ion and Na-ion accumulators. Synthesized nanoporous HEA AlCoCrFeNi has high bulk density up to 700 F/cm3 and cyclic stability (>3000 cycles) and is used in supercapacitors. High-entropy oxides such as (MgNiCoCuZn)0.95Li0.05O with high dielectric properties in a wide frequency range may be used in electronic converters. Examples of HEA application are given: as coatings of ship parts being operated in sea water, various welded joints, parts of nuclear reactors. Perspectives of widening the fields of HEA application are indicated.

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