blackmetИзвестия высших учебных заведений. Черная МеталлургияIzvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy0368-07972410-2091National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"10.17073/0368-0797-2021-9-619-650blackmet-2169Research ArticleМЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИMETALLURGICAL TECHNOLOGIESКоррозионностойкие стали в аддитивном производствеКоррозионностойкие стали в аддитивном производствеhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4907-951XКолмаковА. Г.KolmakovА. G

Алексей Георгиевич Колмаков, член-корреспондент РАН, д.т.н., заведующий лабораторией

 119991, Москва, Ленинский пр. 49

Aleksei G. , Corresponding Member of RAS, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Head of the Laboratory

49 Leninskii Ave., Moscow 119991

akolmakov@imet.ac.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1113-391XИванниковА. Ю.IvannikovА. Yu.

Александр Юрьевич Иванников, к.т.н., старший научный сотрудник

 119991, Москва, Ленинский пр. 49

Aleksandr Yu. Ivannikov, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Senior Researcher

49 Leninskii Ave., Moscow 119991

aivannikov@imet.ac.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8635-0719КапланМ. А.KaplanМ. А.

Михаил Александрович Каплан, младший научный сотрудник

 119991, Москва, Ленинский пр. 49

Mikhail A. Kaplan, Junior Researcher

49 Leninskii Ave., Moscow 119991

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9206-7805КирсанкинА. А.KirsankinА. А.

Андрей Александрович Кирсанкин, к.ф-м.н, старший научный сотрудник

 119991, Москва, Ленинский пр. 49

Andrei A. , Cand. Sci. (Phys.-math.), Senior Researcher

49 Leninskii Ave., Moscow 119991

akirsankin@imet.ac.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2652-8711СевостьяновМ. А.Sevost’yanovМ. A.

Михаил Анатольевич Севостьянов, к.т.н, ведущий научный сотрудник

 119991, Москва, Ленинский пр. 49

Mikhail A. Sevost’yanov, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Leading Researcher

49 Leninskii Ave., Moscow 119991

msevostyanov@imet.ac.ruИнститут металлургии и материаловедения им. А.А. Байкова РАНРоссияBaikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202107102021649619650Copyright © Колмаков А.Г., Иванников А.Ю., Каплан М.А., Кирсанкин А.А., Севостьянов М.А., 20212021Колмаков А.Г., Иванников А.Ю., Каплан М.А., Кирсанкин А.А., Севостьянов М.А.Kolmakov А.G., Ivannikov А.Y., Kaplan М.А., Kirsankin А.А., Sevost’yanov М.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2169

В данном обзоре рассмотрены основные методы получения сферических частиц порошка коррозионностойких сталей как материала, широко применяемого во всех отраслях промышленности. Также приведены примеры изделий, изготовленных современными аддитивными методами. В настоящее время сферические частицы порошка коррозионностойких сталей используются в следующих аддитивных методах: селективное лазерное плавление, селективное лазерное спекание, прямое лазерное спекание и электронно-лучевая плавка. Каждый из этих методов предъявляет свои требования к характеристикам сферических частиц порошка коррозионностойких сталей. В обзоре приведено краткое описание принципов работы каждого метода и требования, которые предъявляются к сферическим частицам порошка коррозионностойких сталей. Дано подробное описание каждого метода аддитивного производства с описанием принципа работы и конкретными примерами получения сферических частиц порошков коррозионностойких сталей с указанием их свойств (морфология, структурные особенности, химический состав, текучесть, насыпная плотность). Проведен сравнительный анализ с описанием недостатков и преимуществ каждого из методов. В конце обзора приведены примеры использования сферических частиц порошков коррозионностойких сталей для изготовления изделий различными аддитивными методами (включая постобработку) с описанием характеристик конечных изделий. На основе приведенных данных сделан вывод о предпочтительных методах получения сферических частиц порошков коррозионностойких сталей для конкретных аддитивных методов, используемых в современной промышленности. В обзоре рассмотрены следующие методы получения сферических частиц порошков: водная атомизация (распыление жидкого металла струей воды под давлением); газовая атомизация (распыление расплава струей инертного газа (аргона или азота) под давлением); центробежная атомизация (распыление расплавленного металла высокоскоростным вращающимся диском); ультразвуковая атомизация (распыление жидкого металла ультразвуком); бесконтактная атомизация (распыление жидкого металла мощным импульсом электрического тока); плазменное распыление проволоки; плазменное распыление вращающегося электрода; плазменная сфероидизация.

This review discusses the main methods for producing spherical powder particles of corrosion-resistant steels as a material widely used in all industries. Also the examples of products made by modern additive methods are described. Currently, spherical powder particles of corrosion-resistant steels are used in the following additive methods: selective laser melting, selective laser sintering, direct laser sintering, and electron beam melting. Each of these methods has its own requirements for the characteristics of spherical powder particles of corrosion-resistant steels. The  review provides a brief description of the principles of operation of each method and the requirements for spherical powder particles of corrosion-resistant steels. It also considers a detailed description of each method of additive manufacturing with a description of the principle of operation and specific examples of obtaining spherical particles of corrosion-resistant steel powders with indication of their properties (morphology, structural features, chemical composition, fluidity, bulk density). A comparative analysis was carried out with a description of disadvantages and advantages of each method. Examples of the use of spherical particles of corrosion-resistant steel powders for the manufacture of products by various additive methods (including post-processing) are given with description of the final products characteristics. Based on the data presented, a conclusion was made about the preferred methods for obtaining spherical particles of corrosion-resistant steel powders for specific additive methods used in modern industry. The review considers the following methods for producing spherical powder particles: water atomization (atomization of liquid metal with a jet of water under pressure); gas atomization (atomization of the melt with a jet of inert gas (argon or nitrogen) under pressure); centrifugal atomization (atomization of molten metal with a high-speed rotating disc); ultrasonic atomization (atomization of liquid metal by ultrasound); non-contact atomization (atomization of liquid metal with a powerful pulse of electric current); plasma wire spraying; plasma spraying of a rotating electrode; plasma spheroidization. 

аддитивное производствосферический порошокпорошковая металлургиякоррозионностойкие сталисвойства порошковтребования к сферическим частицамсвойства напечатанных изделийсравнительный анализadditive manufacturingspherical powderpowder metallurgycorrosion-resistant steelspowder propertiesrequirements for spherical particlesproperties of printed productsbenchmarkingReferencesBenarji K., Ravi Kumar Y., Jinoop A.N., Paul C.P., Bindra K.S. Effect of heat-treatment on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behaviour of SS 316 structures built by laser directed energy deposition based additive manufacturing // Metals and Mate rials International. 2021. Vol. 27. No. 3. P. 488–499. http://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-020-00838-yBenarji K., Ravi Kumar Y., Jinoop A.N., Paul C.P., Bindra K.S. Effect of heat-treatment on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behaviour of SS 316 structures built by laser directed energy deposition based additive manufacturing. Metals and Mate rials International. 2021, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 488–499. http://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-020-00838-yTascioglu E., Karabulut Y., Kaynak Y. Influence of heat treatment temperature on the microstructural, mechanical, and wear behavior of 316L stainless steel fabricated by laser powder bed additive manufacturing // The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2020. Vol. 107. No. 5–6. P. 1947–1956. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-04972-0Tascioglu E., Karabulut Y., Kaynak Y. Influence of heat treatment temperature on the microstructural, mechanical, and wear behavior of 316L stainless steel fabricated by laser powder bed additive manufacturing. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2020, vol. 107, no. 5–6, pp. 1947–1956. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-04972-0Jeyaprakash N., Yang C.H., Ramkumar K.R. Correlation of microstructural evolution with mechanical and tribological behaviour of SS 304 specimens developed through SLM technique // Metals and Materials International. 2021. P. 1–12. http://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-020-00933-0Jeyaprakash N., Yang C.H., Ramkumar K.R. Correlation of micro structural evolution with mechanical and tribological behaviour of SS 304 specimens developed through SLM technique. Metals and Materials International. 2021, pp. 1–12. http://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-020-00933-0Shin W.S., Son B., Song W., Sohn H., Jang H., Kim Y.J., Park C. Heat treatment effect on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and wear behaviors of stainless steel 316L prepared via selective la ser melting // Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2021. Vol. 806. Article 140805. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2021.140805Shin W.S., Son B., Song W., Sohn H., Jang H., Kim Y.J., Park C. Heat treatment effect on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and wear behaviors of stainless steel 316L prepared via selective laser melting. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2021, vol. 806, article 140805. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2021.140805Богачев И.А., Сульянова Е.А., Сухов Д.И., Мазалов П.Б. Исследование микроструктуры и свойств коррозионностойкой стали системы Fe–Cr–Ni, полученной методом селективного лазерно го сплавления // Труды ВИАМ. 2019. № 3(75). С. 3–13.Bogachev I.A., Sul’yanova E.A., Sukhov D.I., Mazalov P.B. Inves tigation of the microstructure and properties of corrosion-resistant steel of the Fe – Cr – Ni system obtained by selective laser melting. Trudy VIAM. 2019, no. 3(75), pp. 3–13. (In Russ.).Jing G., Wang Z. Defects, densification mechanism and mechanical properties of 300M steel deposited by high power selective laser melting // Additive Manufacturing. 2021. Vol. 38. Article 101831. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2020.101831Jing G., Wang Z. Defects, densification mechanism and mechani cal properties of 300M steel deposited by high power selective laser melting. Additive Manufacturing. 2021, vol. 38, article 101831. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2020.101831Nigon G.N., Burkan Isgor O., Pasebani S. The effect of annealing on the selective laser melting of 2205 duplex stainless steel: Micro structure, grain orientation, and manufacturing challenges // Optics & Laser Technology. 2021. Vol. 134. Article 106643. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2020.106643Nigon G.N., Burkan Isgor O., Pasebani S. The effect of annealing on the selective laser melting of 2205 duplex stainless steel: Microstructure, grain orientation, and manufacturing challenges. Optics & Laser Technology. 2021, vol. 134, article 106643. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2020.106643Cui C., Uhlenwinkel V., Schulz A., Zoch H.W. Austenitic stainless steel powders with increased nitrogen content for laser additive manufacturing // Metals. 2020. Vol. 10. No. 1. Article 61. http://doi.org/10.3390/met10010061 9. Uhlenwinkel V., Achelis L., Sheikhaliev S., Lagutkine S. A new technique for molten metal atomization // Proceedings ICLASS. 2003. P. 1–8.Cui C., Uhlenwinkel V., Schulz A., Zoch H.W. Austenitic stainless steel powders with increased nitrogen content for laser additive manufacturing. Metals. 2020, vol. 10, no. 1, article 61. http://doi.org/10.3390/met10010061Lagutkin S., Achelis L., Sheikhaliev S., Uhlenwinkel V., Srivas tava V. Atomization process for metal powder // Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2004. Vol. 383. No. 1. P. 1–6. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2004.02.059Uhlenwinkel V., Achelis L., Sheikhaliev S., Lagutkine S. A new technique for molten metal atomization. Proceedings ICLASS. 2003, pp. 1–8.Zepon G., Ellendt N., Uhlenwinkel V., Henein H. Processing as pects in spray forming // Metal Sprays and Spray Deposition. 2017. P. 297–348. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52689-8_8Lagutkin S., Achelis L., Sheikhaliev S., Uhlenwinkel V., Srivastava  V. Atomization process for metal powder. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2004, vol. 383, no. 1, pp. 1–6. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2004.02.059Chen Y., Xiao Z., Zou H., Li S., Li A. Preparation and characteri zation of fine 316l stainless steel powders prepared by gas atomiza tion // High Performance Structural Materials. 2018. P. 25–34. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0104-9_4Zepon G., Ellendt N., Uhlenwinkel V., Henein H. Processing as pects in spray forming. Metal Sprays and Spray Deposition. 2017, pp. 297–348. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52689-8_8Hoeges S., Zwiren A., Schade C. Additive manufacturing using water atomized steel powders // Metal Powder Report. 2017. Vol. 72. No. 2. P. 111‒117. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.mprp.2017.01.004Chen Y., Xiao Z., Zou H., Li S., Li A. Preparation and characteriza tion of fine 316l stainless steel powders prepared by gas atomiza tion. High Performance Structural Materials. 2018, pp. 25–34. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0104-9_4Jiao Z., Li D., Asgarian A., Chatterjee S., Girard B., Paserin V., La vallee F., Chattopadhyay K. Influence of apex angle and nozzle design on energy and momentum transfer during the water atomization process // POWDERMET 2017. 2017. P. 127‒137.Hoeges S., Zwiren A., Schade C. Additive manufacturing using wa ter atomized steel powders. Metal Powder Report. 2017, vol. 72, no.  2, pp. 111‒117. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.mprp.2017.01.004Li R., Shi Y., Wang Z., Wang L., Liu J., Jiang W. Densification behavior of gas and water atomized 316L stainless steel powder during selective laser melting // Applied Surface Science. 2010. Vol. 256. No. 13. P. 4350–4356. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.02.030Jiao Z., Li D., Asgarian A., Chatterjee S., Girard B., Paserin V., Lavallee F., Chattopadhyay K. Influence of apex angle and nozzle design on energy and momentum transfer during the water atomization process. POWDERMET 2017, 2017, pp. 127–137.Irrinki H., Dexter M., Barmore B., Enneti R., Pasebani S., Badwe S., Stitzel J., Malhotra R., Atre S. Effects of powder attributes and laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process conditions on the densification and mechanical properties of 17-4 PH stainless steel // JOM. 2016. Vol. 68. No. 3. P. 860–868. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-015-1770-4Li R., Shi Y., Wang Z., Wang L., Liu J., Jiang W. Densification behavior of gas and water atomized 316L stainless steel powder during selective laser melting. Applied Surface Science. 2010, vol. 256, no.  13, pp. 4350–4356. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.02.030Zhu H., Tong H., Yang F., Cheng C. Plasma-assisted preparation and characterization of spherical stainless steel powders // Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 2018. Vol. 252. P. 559–566. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2017.10.010Irrinki H., Dexter M., Barmore B., Enneti R., Pasebani S., Badwe S., Stitzel J., Malhotra R., Atre S. Effects of powder attributes and laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process conditions on the densification and mechanical properties of 17-4 PH stainless steel. JOM. 2016, vol.  68, no. 3, pp. 860–868. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-015-1770-4Ji L., Wang C., Wu W., Tan C., Wang G., Duan X.M. Spheroidiza tion by Plasma processing and characterization of stainless steel powder for 3D printing // Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 2017. Vol. 48. No. 10. P. 4831–4841. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-017-4240-5Zhu H., Tong H., Yang F., Cheng C. Plasma-assisted preparation and characterization of spherical stainless steel powders. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 2018, vol. 252, pp. 559–566. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2017.10.010Neikov O.D., Gopienko V.G. Production of titanium and titanium alloy powders // Handbook of Non-Ferrous Metal Powders. 2019. P. 549–570. http://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-100543-9.00018-xJi L., Wang C., Wu W., Tan C., Wang G., Duan X.M. Spheroidization by Plasma processing and characterization of stainless steel powder for 3D printing. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 2017, vol. 48, no. 10, pp. 4831–4841. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-017-4240-5Yin J.O., Chen G., Zhao S.Y., Ge Y., Li Z.F., Yang P.J., Han W.Z., Wang J., Tang H.P., Cao P. Microstructural characterization and properties of Ti – 28 Ta at. % powders produced by plasma rotat ing electrode process // Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2017. Vol. 713. P. 222–228. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.04.195Neikov O.D., Gopienko V.G. Production of titanium and titanium alloy powders. In: Handbook of Non-Ferrous Metal Powders. 2019, pp. 549–570. http://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-100543-9.00018-xEntezarian M., Allaire F., Tsantrizos P., Drew R.A.L. Plasma at omization: A new process for the production of fine, spherical pow ders // JOM. 1996. Vol. 48. No. 6. P. 53–55. http://doi.org/10.1007/BF03222969Yin J.O., Chen G., Zhao S.Y., Ge Y., Li Z.F., Yang P.J., Han W.Z., Wang J., Tang H.P., Cao P. Microstructural characterization and properties of Ti – 28 Ta at. % powders produced by plasma rotat ing electrode process. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2017, vol.  713, pp. 222–228. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.04.195Sun P., Fang Z.Z., Zhang Y., Xia Y. Review of the methods for pro duction of spherical Ti and Ti alloy powder // JOM. 2017. Vol. 69. No. 10. P. 1853–1860. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-017-2513-5Entezarian M., Allaire F., Tsantrizos P., Drew R.A.L. Plasma atomi zation: A new process for the production of fine, spherical powders. JOM. 1996, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 53–55. http://doi.org/10.1007/BF03222969Востриков А.В., Сухов Д. И. Производство гранул методом prep для аддитивных технологий – текущий статус и перспективы развития // Труды ВИАМ. 2016. № 8 (44). С. 1‒3.Sun P., Fang Z.Z., Zhang Y., Xia Y. Review of the methods for pro duction of spherical Ti and Ti alloy powder. JOM. 2017, vol. 69, no.  10, pp. 1853–1860. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-017-2513-5Kirsankin A.A., Kalaida T.A., Kaplan M.A., Smirnov M.A., Ivan nikov A., Sevostyanov M.A. Characterization of spherical stainless steel powders prepared by electric arc spraying process // IOP Con ference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2020. Vol. 848. No. 1. Article 012033. http://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/848/1/012033Vostrikov A.V., Sukhov D.I. Prep pellet production for additive technologies – Current status and development prospects. Trudy VIAM. 2016, no. 8(44), рр. 1–3. (In Russ.)Ivannikov A.Yu., Kirsankin A.A., Kalayda T.A., Sevostyanov M.A. Research and development of the inert gas atomization of the wire by means of arc spraying // IOP Conference Series: Materials Sci ence and Engineering. 2020. Vol. 848. No. 1. Article 012111. http://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/848/1/012111Kirsankin A.A., Kalaida T.A., Kaplan M.A., Smirnov M.A., Ivan nikov A.Yu., Sevostyanov M.A. Characterization of spherical stainless steel powders prepared by electric arc spraying process. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2020, vol.  848, no. 1, article 012033. http://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/848/1/012033Nie Y., Tang J., Yang B., Lei Q., Yu S., Li Y. Comparison in charac teristic and atomization behavior of metallic powders produced by plasma rotating electrode process // Advanced Powder Technology. 2020. Vol. 31. No. 5. P. 2152–2160. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2020.03.006Ivannikov A.Yu., Kirsankin A.A., Kalayda T.A., Sevostyanov M.A. Research and development of the inert gas atomization of the wire by means of arc spraying. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2020, vol. 848, no. 1, article 012111. http://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/848/1/012111 26. Nie Y., Tang J., Yang B., Lei Q., Yu S., Li Y. Comparison in charac teristic and atomization behavior of metallic powders produced by plasma rotating electrode process. Advanced Powder Technology. 2020, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 2152–2160. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2020.03.006Nie Y., Tang J., Teng J., Ye X., Yang B., Huang J., Yu S., Li Y. Par ticle defects and related properties of metallic powders produced by plasma rotating electrode process // Advanced Powder Technology. 2020. Vol. 31. No. 7. P. 2912–2920. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2020.05.018Nie Y., Tang J., Teng J., Ye X., Yang B., Huang J., Yu S., Li Y. Par ticle defects and related properties of metallic powders produced by plasma rotating electrode process. Advanced Powder Technology. 2020, vol. 31, no. 7, pp. 2912–2920. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2020.05.018Samal S. Thermal plasma technology: The prospective future in ma terial processing // Journal of Cleaner Production. 2017. Vol. 142. Part 4. P. 3131–3150. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.10.154Samal S. Thermal plasma technology: The prospective future in material processing. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2017, vol. 142, part  4, pp. 3131–3150. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.10.154Wisutmethangoon S., Plookphol T., Sungkhaphaitoon P. Production of SAC305 powder by ultrasonic atomization // Powder Technology. 2011. Vol. 209. No. 1–3. P. 105–111. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2011.02.016Wisutmethangoon S., Plookphol T., Sungkhaphaitoon P. Production of SAC305 powder by ultrasonic atomization. Powder Technology. 2011, vol. 209, no. 1–3, pp. 105–111. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2011.02.016Alavi S.H., Harimkar S.P. Ultrasonic vibration-assisted laser ato mization of stainless steel // Powder Technology. 2017. Vol. 321. P. 89–93. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2017.08.007Alavi S.H., Harimkar S.P. Ultrasonic vibration-assisted laser atomization of stainless steel. Powder Technology. 2017, vol. 321, pp.  89–93. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2017.08.007Dunkley J.J. Advances in atomisation techniques for the formation of metal powders // Advances in Powder Metallurgy: Properties, Processing and Applications. 2013. P. 3–18. http://doi.org/10.1533/9780857098900.1.3Dunkley J.J. Advances in atomisation techniques for the formation of metal powders. Advances in Powder Metallurgy: Properties, Pro cessing and Applications. 2013, pp. 3–18. http://doi.org/10.1533/9780857098900.1.3Antony L.V.M., Reddy R.G. Processes for production of high-purity metal powders // JOM. 2003. Vol. 55. No. 3. P. 14–18. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-003-0153-4Antony L.V.M., Reddy R.G. Processes for production of high-purity metal powders. JOM. 2003, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 14–18. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-003-0153-4Riabov D., Hryha E., Rashidi M., Bengtsson S., Nyborg L. Effect of atomization on surface oxide composition in 316L stainless steel powders for additive manufacturing // Surface and Interface Analy sis. 2020. Vol. 52. No. 11. P. 694–706. http://doi.org/10.1002/sia.6846Riabov D., Hryha E., Rashidi M., Bengtsson S., Nyborg L. Effect of atomization on surface oxide composition in 316L stainless steel powders for additive manufacturing. Surface and Interface Analysis. 2020, vol. 52, no. 11, pp. 694–706. http://doi.org/10.1002/sia.6846Niaki M.K., Torabi S.A., Nonino F. Why manufacturers adopt additive manufacturing technologies: The role of sustainability // Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019. Vol. 222. P. 381–392. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.03.019Niaki M.K., Torabi S.A., Nonino F. Why manufacturers adopt additive manufacturing technologies: The role of sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019, vol. 222, pp. 381–392. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.03.019Ngo T.D., Kashani A., Imbalzano G., Nguyen K.T.Q., Hui D. Additive manufacturing (3D printing): A review of materials, methods, applications and challenges // Composites Part B: Engineering. 2018. Vol. 143. P. 172–196. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.02.012Ngo T.D., Kashani A., Imbalzano G., Nguyen K.T.Q., Hui D. Additive manufacturing (3D printing): A review of materials, methods, applications and challenges. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2018, vol. 143, pp. 172–196. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.02.012Standard terminology for additive manufacturing technologies // ASTM International F2792-12a. 2012. P. 1–3. http://doi.org/10.1520/F2792-12AStandard terminology for additive manufacturing technologies. ASTM International F2792-12a. 2012, рр. 1–3. http://doi.org/10.1520/F2792-12AГОСТ Р 57589-2017 Аддитивные технологические процессы. Базовые принципы – часть 2. Материалы для аддитивных технологических процессов. Общие требования.GOST R 57589-2017 Additive technological processes. Basic principles – part 2. Materials for additive manufacturing processes. General requirements. (In Russ.).DebRoy T., Wei H.L., Zuback J.S., Mukherjee T., Elmer J.W., Milewski J.O., Beese A.M., Wilson-Heid A., De A., Zhang W. Additive manufacturing of metallic components – Process, structure and properties // Progress in Materials Science. 2018. Vol. 92. P. 112–224. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2017.10.001DebRoy T., Wei H.L., Zuback J.S., Mukherjee T., Elmer J.W., Milewski J.O., Beese A.M., Wilson-Heid A., De A., Zhang W. Additive manufacturing of metallic components – Process, struc ture and properties. Progress in Materials Science. 2018, vol. 92, pp.  112–224. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2017.10.001Frazier W.E. Metal additive manufacturing: A review // Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. 2014. Vol. 23. No. 6. P. 1917–1928. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-014-0958-zFrazier W.E. Metal additive manufacturing: A review. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. 2014, vol. 23, no. 6, pp.  1917–1928. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-014-0958-zHerderick E. Additive manufacturing of metals: A review // Materials Science and Technology Conference and Exhibition 2011, MS and T’11. 2011. Vol. 2. P. 1413–1425.Herderick E. Additive manufacturing of metals: A review. Materials Science and Technology Conference and Exhibition 2011, MS and T’11. 2011, vol. 2, pp. 1413–1425.Tapia G., Elwany A. A Review on process monitoring and control in metal-based additive manufacturing // Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering. 2014. Vol. 136. No. 6. Article 060801. http://doi.org/10.1115/1.4028540Tapia G., Elwany A. A Review on process monitoring and control in metal-based additive manufacturing. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering. 2014, vol. 136, no. 6, article 060801. http://doi.org/10.1115/1.4028540Imran M.K., Masood S.H., Brandt M., Bhattacharya S., Mazumder J. Direct metal deposition (DMD) of H13 tool steel on copper alloy substrate: Evaluation of mechanical properties // Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2011. Vol. 528. No. 9. P. 3342–3349. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2010.12.099Imran M.K., Masood S.H., Brandt M., Bhattacharya S., Mazum der  J. Direct metal deposition (DMD) of H13 tool steel on copper alloy substrate: Evaluation of mechanical properties. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2011, vol. 528, no. 9, pp. 3342–3349. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2010.12.099Keist J.S., Palmer T.A. Role of geometry on properties of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V structures fabricated using laser based directed energy deposition // Materials & Design. 2016. Vol. 106. P. 482–494. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.05.045Keist J.S., Palmer T.A. Role of geometry on properties of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V structures fabricated using laser based directed energy deposition. Materials & Design. 2016, vol. 106, pp.  482–494. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.05.045Ma M., Wang Z., Zeng X. Effect of energy input on microstructural evolution of direct laser fabricated IN718 alloy // Materials Characterization. 2015. Vol. 106. P. 420–427. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2015.06.027Ma M., Wang Z., Zeng X. Effect of energy input on microstructural evolution of direct laser fabricated IN718 alloy. Materials Characterization. 2015, vol. 106, pp. 420–427. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2015.06.027Malukhin K., Ehmann K. Material characterization of NiTi based memory alloys fabricated by the laser direct metal deposition pro cess // Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 2006. Vol. 128. No. 3. P. 691–696. http://doi.org/10.1115/1.2193553Malukhin K., Ehmann K. Material characterization of NiTi based memory alloys fabricated by the laser direct metal deposition process. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering. 2006, vol.  128, no. 3, pp. 691–696. http://doi.org/10.1115/1.2193553Riza S.H., Masood S.H., Wen C., Ruan D., Xu S. Dynamic behaviour of high strength steel parts developed through laser assisted direct metal deposition // Materials & Design. 2014. Vol. 64. P. 650–659. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2014.08.026Riza S.H., Masood S.H., Wen C., Ruan D., Xu S. Dynamic beha viour of high strength steel parts developed through laser as sisted direct metal deposition. Materials & Design. 2014, vol. 64, pp.  650–659. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2014.08.026Shah K., Pinkerton A.J., Salman A., Li L. Effects of melt pool variables and process parameters in laser direct metal deposition of aerospace alloys // Materials and Manufacturing Processes. 2010. Vol. 25. No. 12. P. 1372–1380. http://doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2010.480999Shah K., Pinkerton A.J., Salman A., Li L. Effects of melt pool variables and process parameters in laser direct metal deposition of aerospace alloys. Materials and Manufacturing Processes. 2010, vol. 25, no. 12, pp. 1372–1380. http://doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2010.480999Baufeld B., Brandl E., Van Der Biest O. Wire based additive layer manufacturing: Comparison of microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V components fabricated by laser-beam deposition and shaped metal deposition // Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 2011. Vol. 211. No. 6. P. 1146–1158. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2011.01.018Baufeld B., Brandl E., Van Der Biest O. Wire based additive layer manufacturing: Comparison of microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V components fabricated by laser-beam deposition and shaped metal deposition. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 2011, vol. 211, no. 6, pp. 1146–1158. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2011.01.018Brandl E., Palm F., Michailov V., Viehweger B., Leyens C. Me chanical properties of additive manufactured titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) blocks deposited by a solid-state laser and wire // Materials & De sign. 2011. Vol. 32. No. 10. P. 4665–4675. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.06.062Brandl E., Palm F., Michailov V., Viehweger B., Leyens C. Me chanical properties of additive manufactured titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) blocks deposited by a solid-state laser and wire. Materials & De sign. 2011, vol. 32, no. 10, pp. 4665–4675. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.06.062Brandl E., Schoberth A., Leyens C. Morphology, microstructure, and hardness of titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) blocks deposited by wire-feed additive layer manufacturing (ALM) // Materials Science and Engi neering: A. 2012. Vol. 532. P. 295–307. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2011.10.095Brandl E., Schoberth A., Leyens C. Morphology, microstructure, and hardness of titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) blocks deposited by wire-feed additive layer manufacturing (ALM). Materials Science and Engi neering: A. 2012, vol. 532, pp. 295–307. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2011.10.095Wang T., Zhu Y.Y., Zhang S.Q., Tang H.B., Wang H.M. Grain mor phology evolution behavior of titanium alloy components during laser melting deposition additive manufacturing // Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2015. Vol. 632. P. 505–513. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.01.256Wang T., Zhu Y.Y., Zhang S.Q., Tang H.B., Wang H.M. Grain mor phology evolution behavior of titanium alloy components during laser melting deposition additive manufacturing. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2015, vol. 632, pp. 505–513. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.01.256Ding D., Pan Z., Cuiuri D., Li H. Wire-feed additive manufacturing of metal components: technologies, developments and future interests // The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Tech nology. 2015. Vol. 81. No. 1–4. P. 465–481. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-7077-3Ding D., Pan Z., Cuiuri D., Li H. Wire-feed additive manufacturing of metal components: technologies, developments and future interests. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Tech nology. 2015, vol. 81, no. 1–4, pp. 465–481. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-7077-3Ding J., Colegrove P., Mehnen J., Ganguly S., Almeida P.M.S., Wang F., Williams S. Thermo-mechanical analysis of Wire and Arc Additive Layer Manufacturing process on large multi-layer parts // Computational Materials Science. 2011. Vol. 50. No. 12. P. 3315–3322. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2011.06.023Ding J., Colegrove P., Mehnen J., Ganguly S., Almeida P.M.S., Wang F., Williams S. Thermo-mechanical analysis of Wire and Arc Additive Layer Manufacturing process on large multi-layer parts. Computational Materials Science. 2011, vol. 50, no. 12, pp. 3315–3322. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2011.06.023Williams S.W., Martina F., Addison A.C., Ding J., Pardal G., Colegrove P. Wire + Arc additive manufacturing // Material Science and Technology. 2016. Vol. 32. No. 7. P. 641–647. http://doi.org/10.1179/1743284715Y.0000000073Williams S.W., Martina F., Addison A.C., Ding J., Pardal G., Cole grove P. Wire + Arc additive manufacturing. Material Science and Technology. 2016, vol. 32, no. 7, pp. 641–647. http://doi.org/10.1179/1743284715Y.0000000073Xiong J., Lei Y., Chen H., Zhang G. Fabrication of inclined thin walled parts in multi-layer single-pass GMAW-based additive manufacturing with flat position deposition // Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 2017. Vol. 240. P. 397–403. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2016.10.019Xiong J., Lei Y., Chen H., Zhang G. Fabrication of inclined thin walled parts in multi-layer single-pass GMAW-based additive manufacturing with flat position deposition. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 2017, vol. 240, pp. 397–403. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2016.10.019Hildreth O.J., Nassar A.R., Chasse K.R., Simpson T.W. Dissolvable metal supports for 3D direct metal printing // 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing. 2016. Vol. 3. No. 2. P. 91–97. http://doi.org/10.1089/3dp.2016.0013Hildreth O.J., Nassar A.R., Chasse K.R., Simpson T.W. Dissolvable metal supports for 3D direct metal printing. 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing. 2016, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 91–97. http://doi.org/10.1089/3dp.2016.0013Механик А. Порошки избавляют от лишнего // Новости ВПК [Электронный ресурс]. 2014. URL: https://vpk.name/ news/122336_poroshki_izbavlyayut_ot_lishnego.html (дата обращения: 02.09.2021).Mekhanik A. Powders get rid of excess. MIC News. 2014. [Electronic resource]. Available at URL: https://vpk.name/news/122336_poroshki_izbavlyayut_ot_lishnego.html (Accessed: 02.09.2021). (In Russ.).Carlota V. The Complete Guide to Directed Energy Deposition (DED) in 3D Printing // 3Dnatives [Electronic resource]. 2019. URL: https://www.3dnatives.com/en/directed-energy-deposition ded-3d-printing-guide-100920194/ (accessed: 02.09.2021).Carlota V. The Complete Guide to Directed Energy Deposition (DED) in 3D Printing. 3Dnatives. 2019 [Electronic resource]. Available at URL: https://www.3dnatives.com/en/directed-energy-deposition-ded-3d-printing-guide-100920194/ (Accessed: 02.09.2021).Wright I. Metal Additive Manufacturing for Large Parts // Engineering.com [Electronic resource]. 2019. URL: https://www.engineering.com/story/metal-additive-manufacturing-for-large-parts (accessed: 02.06.2021).Wright I. Metal Additive Manufacturing for Large Parts. Engineer ing.com [Electronic resource]. 2019. Available at URL: https:// www.engineering.com/story/metal-additive-manufacturing-for large-parts (Accessed: 02.09.2021).Bhavar V., Kattire P., Patil V., Khot S., Gujar K., Singh R. A review on powder bed fusion technology of metal additive manufacturing // Additive Manufacturing Handbook: Product Development for the Defense Industry. 2017. Vol. 15. P. 251–261.Bhavar V., Kattire P., Patil V., Khot S., Gujar K., Singh R. A review on powder bed fusion technology of metal additive manufacturing. Additive Manufacturing Handbook: Product Development for the Defense Industry. 2017, vol. 15, pp. 251–261.Jamshidinia M., Sadek A., Wang W., Kelly S. Additive manufacturing of steel alloys using laser powder-bed fusion // Advanced Materials & Processes. 2015. Vol. 173. No. 1. P. 20–24.Jamshidinia M., Sadek A., Wang W., Kelly S. Additive manufacturing of steel alloys using laser powder-bed fusion. Advanced Mate rials & Processes. 2015, vol. 173, no. 1, pp. 20–24.Kamath C., El-Dasher B., Gallegos G.F., King W.E., Sisto A. Density of additively-manufactured, 316L SS parts using laser powderbed fusion at powers up to 400 W // The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2014. Vol. 74. No. 1–4. P. 65–78. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-014-5954-9Kamath C., El-Dasher B., Gallegos G.F., King W.E., Sisto A. Den sity of additively-manufactured, 316L SS parts using laser pow der-bed fusion at powers up to 400 W. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2014, vol. 74, no. 1–4, pp.  65–78. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-014-5954-9Khairallah S.A., Anderson A.T., Rubenchik A., King W.E. Laser powder-bed fusion additive manufacturing: Physics of complex melt flow and formation mechanisms of pores, spatter, and denuda tion zones // Acta Materialia. 2016. Vol. 108. P. 36–45. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.02.014Khairallah S.A., Anderson A.T., Rubenchik A., King W.E. Laser powder-bed fusion additive manufacturing: Physics of complex melt flow and formation mechanisms of pores, spatter, and denudation zones. Acta Materialia. 2016, vol. 108, pp. 36–45. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.02.014Mower T.M., Long M.J. Mechanical behavior of additive manufactured, powder-bed laser-fused materials // Material Science Engineering: A. 2016. Vol. 651. P. 198–213. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2015.10.068Mower T.M., Long M.J. Mechanical behavior of additive manu factured, powder-bed laser-fused materials. Material Science Engi neering: A. 2016, vol. 651, pp. 198–213. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2015.10.068Тесленко В. Лазерное выращивание металлических деталей – важнейшее направление аддитивных технологий // Коммерсантъ – Наука [Электронный ресурс]. 2017. URL: https://www. kommersant.ru/amp/3256048 (дата обращения: 02.09.2021).Teslenko V. Laser growing of metal parts – the most important area of additive technologies. Kommersant – Science, 2017 [Elec tronic resource]. Available at URL: https://www.kommersant.ru/ amp/3256048 (Accessed: 02.09.2021). (In Russ.).Jiao L., Chua Z.Y., Moon S.K., Song J., Bi G., Zheng H. Femtosecond laser produced hydrophobic hierarchical structures on additive manufacturing parts // Nanomaterials. 2018. Vol. 8. No. 8. P. 1–10. http://doi.org/10.3390/nano8080601Jiao L., Chua Z.Y., Moon S.K., Song J., Bi G., Zheng H. Femto second laser produced hydrophobic hierarchical structures on additive manufacturing parts. Nanomaterials. 2018, vol. 8, no. 8, pp.  1–10. http://doi.org/10.3390/nano8080601Yadroitsev I., Yadroitsava I. Evaluation of residual stress in stain less steel 316L and Ti6Al4V samples produced by selective laser melting // Virtual and Physical Prototyping. 2015. Vol. 10. No. 2. P. 67–76. http://doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2015.1026045Yadroitsev I., Yadroitsava I. Evaluation of residual stress in stain less steel 316L and Ti6Al4V samples produced by selective laser melting. Virtual and Physical Prototyping. 2015, vol. 10, no. 2, pp.  67–76. http://doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2015.1026045Kurzynowski T., Gruber K., Stopyra W., Kuźnicka B., Chlebus E. Correlation between process parameters, microstructure and properties of 316 L stainless steel processed by selective laser melting // Material Science Engineering: A. 2018. Vol. 718. P. 64–73. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2018.01.103Kurzynowski T., Gruber K., Stopyra W., Kuźnicka B., Chlebus E. Correlation between process parameters, microstructure and properties of 316 L stainless steel processed by selective laser melting. Material Science Engineering: A. 2018, vol. 718, pp. 64–73. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2018.01.103Leuders S., Thöne M., Riemer A., Niendorf T., Tröster T., Richard H.A., Maier H.J. On the mechanical behaviour of titanium alloy TiAl6V4 manufactured by selective laser melting: Fatigue re sistance and crack growth performance // International Journal of Fatigue. 2013. Vol. 48. P. 300–307. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2012.11.011Leuders S., Thöne M., Riemer A., Niendorf T., Tröster T., Rich ard  H.A., Maier H.J. On the mechanical behaviour of titanium alloy TiAl6V4 manufactured by selective laser melting: Fatigue re sistance and crack growth performance. International Journal of Fatigue. 2013, vol. 48, pp. 300–307. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2012.11.011Yasa E., Kruth J.P. Microstructural investigation of selective laser melting 316L stainless steel parts exposed to laser re-melting // Procedia Engineering. 2011. Vol. 19. P. 389–395. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.11.130Yasa E., Kruth J.P. Microstructural investigation of selective laser melting 316L stainless steel parts exposed to laser re-melting. Pro cedia Engineering. 2011, vol. 19, pp. 389–395. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.11.130Spierings A.B., Starr T.L., Wegener K. Fatigue performance of addi tive manufactured metallic parts // Rapid Prototyping Journal. 2013. Vol. 19. No. 2. P. 88–94. http://doi.org/10.1108/13552541311302932Spierings A.B., Starr T.L., Wegener K. Fatigue performance of addi tive manufactured metallic parts. Rapid Prototyping Journal. 2013, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 88–94.http://doi.org/10.1108/13552541311302932Mazzoli A. Selective laser sintering in biomedical engineering // Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing. 2013. Vol. 51. No. 3. P. 245–256. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-012-1001-xMazzoli A. Selective laser sintering in biomedical engineering. Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing. 2013, vol. 51, no.  3, pp. 245–256. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-012-1001-xDehoff R.R., Babu S.S. Characterization of interfacial microstructures in 3003 aluminum alloy blocks fabricated by ultrasonic additive manufacturing // Acta Materialia. 2010. Vol. 58. No. 13. P. 4305–4315. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2010.03.006Dehoff R.R., Babu S.S. Characterization of interfacial microstructures in 3003 aluminum alloy blocks fabricated by ultrasonic ad ditive manufacturing. Acta Materialia. 2010, vol. 58, no. 13, pp.  4305–4315. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2010.03.006Ram G.D.J., Robinson C., Yang Y., Stucker B.E. Use of ultrasonic consolidation for fabrication of multi-material structures // Rapid Prototyping Journal. 2007. Vol. 13. No. 4. P. 226–235. http://doi.org/10.1108/13552540710776179Ram G.D.J., Robinson C., Yang Y., Stucker B.E. Use of ultrasonic consolidation for fabrication of multi-material structures. Rapid Prototyping Journal. 2007, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 226–235. http://doi.org/10.1108/13552540710776179Технологии аддитивного производства [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://slide-share.ru/tekhnologii-additivnogo-proizvodstvaiskhodnaya-model-additivnij-process-122962 (дата обращения: 02.09.2021).Technologies of Additive Manufacturing [Electronic resource]. Available at URL: https://slide-share.ru/tekhnologii-additivnogo proizvodstvaiskhodnaya-model-additivnij-process-122962 (Acces sed: 02.09.2021). (In Russ.).Meteyer S., Xu X., Perry N., Zhao Y.F. Energy and material flow analysis of binder-jetting additive manufacturing processes // Proce dia CIRP. 2014. Vol. 15. P. 19–25. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2014.06.030Meteyer S., Xu X., Perry N., Zhao Y.F. Energy and material flow analysis of binder-jetting additive manufacturing processes. Procedia CIRP. 2014, vol. 15, pp. 19–25. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2014.06.030Binder Jetting // Additive Manufacturing Research Group | Loughborough University [Electronic resource]. URL: https://www.lboro. ac.uk/research/amrg/about/the7categoriesofadditivemanufacturing/ binderjetting/ (accessed: 02.09.2021).Binder Jetting. Additive Manufacturing Research Group | Lough borough University [Electronic resource]. Available at URL: https:// www.lboro.ac.uk/research/amrg/about/the7categoriesofadditive manufacturing/binderjetting/ (Accessed: 02.09.2021).Технологии 3D печати [Электронный ресурс]. 2017. URL: https://tp3d.ru/index.php?route=record/record&record_id=37 (дата обращения: 08.06.2021).3D Printing Technologies. 2017 [Electronic resource]. Available at URL: https://tp3d.ru/index.php?route=record/record&record_id=37 (Accessed: 02.09.2021). (In Russ.).Murr L.E., Gaytan S.M., Martinez E., Medina F., Wicker R.B. Next generation orthopaedic implants by additive manufacturing us ing electron beam melting // International Journal of Biomaterials. 2012. Vol. 2012. Article 245727. http://doi.org/10.1155/2012/245727Murr L.E., Gaytan S.M., Martinez E., Medina F., Wicker R.B. Next generation orthopaedic implants by additive manufacturing using electron beam melting. International Journal of Biomaterials. 2012, vol. 2012, article 245727. http://doi.org/10.1155/2012/245727Justin D.F., etc. Laser based metal deposition (LBMD) of antimicrobials to implant surfaces: patent 7951412 USA. 2011.Justin D.F., etc. Laser based metal deposition (LBMD) of antimicrobials to implant surfaces: patent 7951412 USA. 2011.Karlsson J., Snis A., Engqvist H., Lausmaa J. Characterization and comparison of materials produced by electron beam melting (EBM) of two different Ti-6Al-4V powder fractions // Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 2013. Vol. 213. No. 12. P. 2109–2118. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2013.06.010Karlsson J., Snis A., Engqvist H., Lausmaa J. Characterization and comparison of materials produced by electron beam melting (EBM) of two different Ti-6Al-4V powder fractions. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 2013, vol. 213, no. 12, pp. 2109–2118. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2013.06.010Zhao X., Chen J., Lin X., Huang W. Study on microstructure and mechanical properties of laser rapid forming Inconel 718 // Ma terials Science and Engineering: A. 2008. Vol. 478. No. 1–2. P. 119–124. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.05.079Zhao X., Chen J., Lin X., Huang W. Study on microstructure and mechanical properties of laser rapid forming Inconel 718. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2008, vol. 478, no. 1–2, pp. 119–124. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.05.079Sames W.J., List F.A., Pannala S., Dehoff R.R., Babu S.S. The metallurgy and processing science of metal additive manufacturing // International Materials Reviews. 2016. Vol. 61. No. 5. P. 315–360. http://doi.org/10.1080/09506608.2015.1116649Sames W.J., List F.A., Pannala S., Dehoff R.R., Babu S.S. The metallurgy and processing science of metal additive manufacturing. International Materials Reviews. 2016, vol. 61, no. 5, pp. 315–360. http://doi.org/10.1080/09506608.2015.1116649ГОСТ Р 51761-2005. Пропанты алюмосиликатные. Технические условия. 2006. 31 с. 85. Советников Е.И. Оценки развития аддитивных технологий // Технология легких сплавов. 2015. № 3. С. 17–31.GOST R 51761-2005. Aluminosilicate proppants. Technical condi tions. 2006, 31 р. (In Russ.).Slotwinski J.A., Garboczi E.J., Stutzman P.E., Ferraris C.F., Wat son S.S., Peltz M.A. Characterization of metal powders used for additive manufacturing // Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. 2014. Vol. 119. P. 460‒493. http://doi.org/10.6028/jres.119.018Sovetnikov E.I. Assessment of additive technologies development. Tekhnologiya legkikh splavov. 2015, no. 3, pp. 17–31. (In Russ.).ГОСТ 19440-94 Порошки металлические. Определение насыпной плотности. Часть 1. Метод с использованием воронки. Часть 2. Метод волюмометра Скотта.Slotwinski J.A., Garboczi E.J., Stutzman P.E., Ferraris C.F., Watson  S.S., Peltz M.A. Characterization of metal powders used for ad ditive manufacturing. Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. 2014, vol. 119, pp. 460‒493. http://doi.org/10.6028/jres.119.018ГОСТ 20899-98 (ИСО 4490-78) Порошки металлические. Определение текучести с помощью калиброванной воронки (прибора Холла).GOST 19440-94 Metallic powders. Determination of bulk density. Part 1. Method with a funnel. Part 2. Scott’s volumeter method. (In Russ.). 88. GOST 20899-98 (ISO 4490-78) Metallic powders. Determination of fluidity using a calibrated funnel (Hall device). (In Russ.).Herzog D., Seyda V., Wycisk E., Emmelmann C. Additive manufacturing of metals // Acta Materialia. 2016. Vol. 117. P. 371–392. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.07.019Herzog D., Seyda V., Wycisk E., Emmelmann C. Additive manufacturing of metals. Acta Materialia. 2016, vol. 117, pp. 371–392. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.07.019Каблов Е.Н. Тенденции и ориентиры инновационного развития России. ВИАМ, 2015. 557 с.Kablov E.N. Trends and Guidelines for Innovative Development in Russia. VIAM, 2015, 557 p.Каблов Е.Н. Аддитивные технологии ‒ доминанта националь ной технологической инициативы // Интеллект и технологии. 2015. № 2 (11). С. 52–55.Kablov E.N.Additive technologies – dominant feature of national technological initiative. Intellekt i tekhnologii. 2015, vol. 2, no. 11, pp. 52–55. (In Russ.).Hassanin H., Elshaer A., Benhadj-Djilali R., Modica F., Fassi I. Surface finish improvement of additive manufactured metal parts // Micro and Precision Manufacturing. 2018. P. 145–164. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68801-5_7Hassanin H., Elshaer A., Benhadj-Djilali R., Modica F., Fassi I. Surface finish improvement of additive manufactured metal parts. Micro and Precision Manufacturing. 2018, pp. 145–164. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68801-5_7Beiderbeck D., Deradjat D., Minshall T. The Impact of Additive Manufacturing Technologies on Industrial Spare Parts Strategies. 2018. 57 p.Beiderbeck D., Deradjat D., Minshall T. The Impact of Additive Manufacturing Technologies on Industrial Spare Parts Strategies. 2018, 57 p.Li Y., Jia G., Cheng Y., Hu Y. Additive manufacturing technology in spare parts supply chain: A comparative study // International Journal of Production Research. 2017. Vol. 55. No. 5. P. 1498–1515. http://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2016.1231433Li Y., Jia G., Cheng Y., Hu Y. Additive manufacturing technology in spare parts supply chain: A comparative study. International Journal of Production Research. 2017, vol. 55, no. 5, pp. 1498–1515. http://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2016.1231433Ziółkowski M., Dyl T. Possible applications of additive manufacturing technologies in shipbuilding: A review // Machines. 2020. Vol. 8. No. 4. P. 1–34. http://doi.org/10.3390/machines8040084Ziółkowski M., Dyl T. Possible applications of additive manufactur ing technologies in shipbuilding: A review. Machines. 2020, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 1–34. http://doi.org/10.3390/machines8040084Орыщенко А.С., Горынин И.В., Кузнецов П.А., Теленков А.И., Савин В.И., Бобырь В.В. Аддитивные технологии на базе ком позиционных порошковых материалов // Аддитивные технологии в российской промышленности. 2015. С 1‒22.Oryshchenko A.S., Gorynin I.V., Kuznetsov P.A., Telenkov A.I., Savin V.I., Bobyr’ V.V Additive technologies based on composite powder materials. Additivnye tekhnologii v rossiiskoi promyshlen nosti. 2015, pp. 1–22. (In Russ.).Bajaj P., Hariharan A., Kini A., Kürnsteiner P., Raabe D., Jägle E.A. Steels in additive manufacturing: A review of their microstructure and properties // Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2020. Vol. 772. Article 138633. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2019.138633Bajaj P., Hariharan A., Kini A., Kürnsteiner P., Raabe D., Jägle E.A. Steels in additive manufacturing: A review of their microstruc ture and properties. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2020, vol.  772, article 138633. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2019.138633Wang Z., Palmer T.A., Beese A.M. Effect of processing parameters on microstructure and tensile properties of austenitic stainless steel 304L made by directed energy deposition additive manufacturing // Acta Materialia. 2016. Vol. 110. P. 226–235. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.03.019Wang Z., Palmer T.A., Beese A.M. Effect of processing parameters on microstructure and tensile properties of austenitic stainless steel 304L made by directed energy deposition additive manufacturing. Acta Materialia. 2016, vol. 110, pp. 226–235. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.03.019Sun Z., Tan X., Tor S.B., Yeong W.Y. Selective laser melting of stainless steel 316L with low porosity and high build rates // Materials & Design. 2016. Vol. 104. P. 197–204. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.05.035Sun Z., Tan X., Tor S.B., Yeong W.Y. Selective laser melting of stainless steel 316L with low porosity and high build rates. Materials & Design. 2016, vol. 104, pp. 197–204. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.05.035Saeidi K., Kevetkova L., Lofaj F., Shen Z. Novel ferritic stainless steel formed by laser melting from duplex stainless steel powder with advanced mechanical properties and high ductility // Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2016. Vol. 665. P. 59–65. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2016.04.027Saeidi K., Kevetkova L., Lofaj F., Shen Z. Novel ferritic stainless steel formed by laser melting from duplex stainless steel powder with advanced mechanical properties and high ductility. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2016, vol. 665, pp. 59–65. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2016.04.027Rafi H.K., Pal D., Patil N., Starr T.L., Stucker B.E. Microstructure and mechanical behavior of 17-4 precipitation hardenable steel processed by selective laser melting // Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. 2014. Vol. 23. No. 12. P. 4421–4428. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-014-1226-yRafi H.K., Pal D., Patil N., Starr T.L., Stucker B.E. Microstructure and mechanical behavior of 17-4 precipitation hardenable steel processed by selective laser melting. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. 2014, vol. 23, no. 12. , pp. 4421–4428. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-014-1226-yRöttger A., Geenen K., Windmann M., Binner F., Theisen W. Com parison of microstructure and mechanical properties of 316 L austenitic steel processed by selective laser melting with hot-isostatic pressed and cast material // Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2016. Vol. 678. P. 365–376. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2016.10.012Röttger A., Geenen K., Windmann M., Binner F., Theisen W. Com parison of microstructure and mechanical properties of 316  L austenitic steel processed by selective laser melting with hot-isostatic pressed and cast material. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2016, vol. 678, pp. 365–376. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2016.10.012Ziętala M., Durejko T., Polański M., Kunce I., Płociński T., Zieliński W., Łazińska M., Stępniowski W., Czujko T., Kurzydłowski K.J., Bojar Z. The microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of 316 L stainless steel fabricated using laser engineered net shaping // Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2016. Vol. 677. P. 1–10. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2016.09.028Ziętala M., Durejko T., Polański M., Kunce I., Płociński T., Zieliński  W., Łazińska M., Stępniowski W., Czujko T., Kurzydłowski K.J., Bojar Z. The microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of 316 L stainless steel fabricated using laser engineered net shaping. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2016, vol. 677, pp. 1–10. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2016.09.028Abd-Elghany K., Bourell D.L. Property evaluation of 304L stainless steel fabricated by selective laser melting // Rapid Prototyping Journal. 2012. Vol. 18. No. 5. P. 420–428. http://doi.org/10.1108/13552541211250418Abd-Elghany K., Bourell D.L. Property evaluation of 304L stainless steel fabricated by selective laser melting. Rapid Prototyping Jour nal. 2012, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 420–428. http://doi.org/10.1108/13552541211250418Wu J.H., Lin C.K. Influence of high temperature exposure on the mechanical behavior and microstructure of 17-4 PH stainless steel // Journal of Materials Science. 2003. Vol. 38. No. 5. P. 965–971. http://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022377225704Wu J.H., Lin C.K. Influence of high temperature exposure on the mechanical behavior and microstructure of 17-4 PH stainless steel. Journal of Materials Science. 2003, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 965–971. http://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022377225704Ning F., Cong W. Microstructures and mechanical properties of Fe-Cr stainless steel parts fabricated by ultrasonic vibration-assist ed laser engineered net shaping process // Materials Letters. 2016. Vol. 179. P. 61–64. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2016.05.055Ning F., Cong W. Microstructures and mechanical properties of Fe-Cr stainless steel parts fabricated by ultrasonic vibration-assist ed laser engineered net shaping process. Materials Letters. 2016, vol.  179, pp. 61–64. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2016.05.055LeBrun T., Nakamoto T., Horikawa K., Kobayashi H. Effect of retained austenite on subsequent thermal processing and resultant mechanical properties of selective laser melted 17-4 PH stainless steel // Materials & Design. 2015. Vol. 81. P. 44–53. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.05.026LeBrun T., Nakamoto T., Horikawa K., Kobayashi H. Effect of re tained austenite on subsequent thermal processing and resultant me chanical properties of selective laser melted 17-4 PH stainless steel. Materials & Design. 2015, vol. 81, pp. 44–53. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.05.026Sander G., Babu A.P., Gao X., Jiang D., Birbilis N. On the effect of build orientation and residual stress on the corrosion of 316L stain less steel prepared by selective laser melting // Corrosion Science. 2021. Vol. 179. Article 109149. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2020.109149Sander G., Babu A.P., Gao X., Jiang D., Birbilis N. On the effect of build orientation and residual stress on the corrosion of 316L stain less steel prepared by selective laser melting. Corrosion Science. 2021, vol. 179, article 109149. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2020.109149Melia M.A., Nguyen H.D.A., Rodelas J.M., Schindelholz E.J. Cor rosion properties of 304L stainless steel made by directed ener gy deposition additive manufacturing // Corrosion Science. 2019. Vol. 152. P. 20–30. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2019.02.029Melia M.A., Nguyen H.D.A., Rodelas J.M., Schindelholz E.J. Cor rosion properties of 304L stainless steel made by directed energy deposition additive manufacturing. Corrosion Science. 2019, vol.  152, pp. 20–30. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2019.02.029Shahriari A., Khaksar L., Nasiri A., Hadadzadeh A., Amirkhiz B.S., Mohammadi M. Microstructure and corrosion behavior of a novel additively manufactured maraging stainless steel // Electrochimica Acta. 2020. Vol. 339. Article 135925. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135925Shahriari A., Khaksar L., Nasiri A., Hadadzadeh A., Amirkhiz B.S., Mohammadi M. Microstructure and corrosion behavior of a novel additively manufactured maraging stainless steel. Electrochimica Acta. 2020, vol. 339, article 135925. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135925Wang L., Dong C., Man C., Kong D., Xiao K., Li X. Enhancing the corrosion resistance of selective laser melted 15-5PH marten site stainless steel via heat treatment // Corrosion Science. 2020. Vol. 166. Article 108427. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2019.108427Wang L., Dong C., Man C., Kong D., Xiao K., Li X. Enhancing the corrosion resistance of selective laser melted 15-5PH martensite stainless steel via heat treatment. Corrosion Science. 2020, vol. 166, article 108427. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2019.108427Barroux A., Ducommun N., Nivet E., Laffont L., Blanc C. Pitting corrosion of 17-4PH stainless steel manufactured by laser beam melting // Corrosion Science. 2020. Vol. 169. Article 108594. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2020.108594Barroux A., Ducommun N., Nivet E., Laffont L., Blanc C. Pitting corrosion of 17-4PH stainless steel manufactured by laser beam melting. Corrosion Science. 2020, vol. 169, article 108594. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2020.108594Alvi S., Saeidi K., Akhtar F. High temperature tribology and wear of selective laser melted (SLM) 316L stainless steel // Wear. 2020. Vol. 448–449. Article 203228. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2020.203228Alvi S., Saeidi K., Akhtar F. High temperature tribology and wear of selective laser melted (SLM) 316L stainless steel. Wear. 2020, vol.  448–449, article 203228. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2020.203228Lashgari H.R., Xue Y., Onggowarsito C., Kong C., Li S. Microstruc ture, tribological properties and corrosion behaviour of additively manufactured 17-4PH stainless steel: Effects of scanning pattern, build orientation, and single vs. double scan // Materials Today Communications. 2020. Vol. 25. Article 101535. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2020.101535Lashgari H.R., Xue Y., Onggowarsito C., Kong C., Li S. Microstructure, tribological properties and corrosion behaviour of additively manufactured 17-4PH stainless steel: Effects of scanning pattern, build orientation, and single vs. double scan. Materials Today Communications. 2020, vol. 25, article 101535. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2020.101535Sanjeev K.C., Nezhadfar P.D., Phillips C., Kennedy M.S., Sham saei N., Jackson R.L. Tribological behavior of 17–4 PH stainless steel fabricated by traditional manufacturing and laser-based ad ditive manufacturing methods // Wear. 2019. Vol. 440–441. Ar ticle 203100. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2019.203100Sanjeev K.C., Nezhadfar P.D., Phillips C., Kennedy M.S., Shamsaei N., Jackson R.L. Tribological behavior of 17–4 PH stainless steel fabricated by traditional manufacturing and laser-based additive manufacturing methods. Wear. 2019, vol. 440–441, article 203100. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2019.203100

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.