<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2021-8-572-580</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-2157</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATERIAL SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние степени деформации сварных соединений аустенитных сталей на параметры субструктуры и поля внутренних напряжений в зоне линии сплавления</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Inﬂuence of deformation degree of austenitic steels welded joints on structural state and internal stresses felds in weld line zone</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0342-3055</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>  Александр Николаевич Смирнов, д.т.н., профессор кафедры «Технологии машиностроения»</p><p>650000, Кемерово, ул. Весенняя, 28 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Aleksandr N. Smirnov, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Prof. of the Chair “EngineeringTechnology” </p><p> 28 Vesennyaya Str., Kemerovo 650000 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">galvas.kem@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8823-4562</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>  Наталья Анатольевна Попова, к.т.н., старший научный сотрудник кафедры физики</p><p>634003, Томск, пл. Соляная, 2 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Natal’ya A. Popova, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Senior Researcher of the Chair of Physics </p><p> 2 Solyanaya Sqr., Tomsk 634003 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Popova@tici.tomsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0794-8040</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абабков</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ababkov</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>  Николай Викторович Абабков, к.т.н., доцент кафедры «Технологии машиностроения»</p><p>650000, Кемерово, ул. Весенняя, 28 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>  Nikolai V. Ababkov, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Prof. of the Chair “Engineering Technology” </p><p>28 Vesennyaya Str., Kemerovo 650000 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n.ababkov@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7008-4244</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Князьков</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Knyaz’kov</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Константин Викторович Князьков, к.т.н., доцент кафедры«Технологии машиностроения»</p><p> 650000, Кемерово, ул. Весенняя, 28 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>  Konstantin V. Knyaz’kov, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Prof. of the Chair “Engineering Technology” </p><p>28 Vesennyaya Str., Kemerovo 650000 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">koss233@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0396-9541</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никоненко</surname><given-names>Е. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikonenko</surname><given-names>E. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>  Елена Леонидовна Никоненко, к.т.н., доцент кафедры физики,химии и теоретической механики</p><p>634003, Томск, пл. Соляная, 2 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Elena L. Nikonenko, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Prof. of the Chair of Physics, Chemistry and Theoretical Mechanics </p><p> 2 Solyanaya Sqr., Tomsk 634003 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vilatomsk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кузбасский государственный технический университет им. Т.Ф. Горбачева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>T.F. Gorbachev Kuzbass State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Томский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>64</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>572</fpage><lpage>580</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Смирнов А.Н., Попова Н.А., Абабков Н.В., Князьков К.В., Никоненко Е.Л., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Смирнов А.Н., Попова Н.А., Абабков Н.В., Князьков К.В., Никоненко Е.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Smirnov A.N., Popova N.A., Ababkov N.V., Knyaz’kov K.V., Nikonenko E.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2157">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2157</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящее время на технических устройствах опасных производственных объектов первичную оценку качества сварки выполняют испытанием оборудования повышенными нагрузками (повышенным давлением). Требования к испытаниям регламентированы нормативными документами Ростехнадзора. В последнее время, наряду с традиционными испытаниями, применяют «стресс­тест», сущность которого заключается в нагружении участка трубопровода до предела текучести с последующей проверкой на герметичность. Но в научных публикациях практически отсутствует информация о физических процессах, протекающих в основном металле и в металле сварных соединений при выполнении таких испытаний. Также не оценено влияние предварительной нагрузки (деформации) на параметры субструктуры и поля внутренних напряжений в сварных соединениях аустенитных сталей. Как следствие, не оценено влияние предварительной нагрузки (деформации) на дальнейшую безаварийную эксплуатацию испытанного оборудования. В работе проведен анализ изменения структурного состояния и значений амплитуд внутренних напряжений в образцах из стали 12Х18Н10Т под действием нагрузок. Обосновывается применение сварки модулированным током с автоматическим регулированием процесса тепловложения в сварочную ванну. Аргументируются предельно допустимые значения пластической деформации при испытаниях технических устройств повышенным давлением для данного типа стали. Показано, что для снижения риска повреждений сварных соединений аустенитных сталей (12Х18Н10Т) технических устройств опасных производственных объектов, выполненных импульсной сваркой с мелкокапельным переносом, для исключения образования в них микродефектов испытания повышенным давлением (стресс­тест) можно проводить при нагрузках, создающих в металле деформации, не превышающие 5 %; для соединений, заваренных ручной дуговой сваркой, деформации должны быть менее 5 %. Сварные соединения, выполненные импульсной сваркой с крупнокапельным переносом (с дефектами и без), не рекомендуется испытывать повышенным давлением.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Nowadays initial assessment of welding quality is performed by testing equipment with increased loads (high pressure) at technical devices of hazardous production facilities. Test requirements are regulated by standardized documents of the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Oversight of Russia (Rostekhnadzor). Recently, along with traditional tests, a “stress test” was used – the essence of which is to load pipeline section to the yield point, followed by leak test. However, in scientifc publications there is practically no information about physical processes occurring in the base metal and in welded joints during such tests. In addition, eﬀect of preload (deformation) on the parameters of substructure and internal stresses feld in welded joints of austenitic steels and, consequently, on the further trouble­free operation of the tested equipment was not evaluated. The paper analyzes changes in structural state and values of internal stresses in the samples of austenitic steel under the action of high loads. It substantiates the use of modulated current welding with automatic control of heat input process in molten weld pool. The admissible limits values of plastic deformation are argued when testing technical devices with high pressure for this type of steel. In order to reduce the risk of damage to austenitic steels welded joints of technical devices of hazardous industrial facilities, performed by pulsed welding with small­drop transfer, and to exclude formation of microdefects in them, high pressure tests (stress test) can be performed under loads that create deformations in metal, not exceeding 5 %. For joints welded by manual arc welding, deformations should be less than 5 %. Welded joints made by pulsed welding with large­drop transfer (with and without defects) are not recommended to be tested with high pressure.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пластическая деформация</kwd><kwd>поля внутренних напряжений</kwd><kwd>ручная дуговая сварка</kwd><kwd>сварка модулированным током</kwd><kwd>экзистенциальные контуры</kwd><kwd>плотность дислокаций</kwd><kwd>аустенитные стали</kwd><kwd>субструктура</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>plastic deformation</kwd><kwd>internal stress felds</kwd><kwd>manual arc welding</kwd><kwd>modulated current welding</kwd><kwd>existential contours</kwd><kwd>dislocation density</kwd><kwd>austenitic steel</kwd><kwd>substructure</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследования выполнены при финансовой поддержке гранта Президента РФ для поддержки молодых кандидатов наук, МК­1084.2020.8</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was supported by the grant of the President of the Russian Federation to support young candidates of science, MK­1084.2020.8</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алешин Н.П., Гладков Э.А., Кузнецов П.С., Бродягин В.Н., Копотева Е.Н., Шолохов М.А. Импульсные технологии управления каплепереносом при MIG/MAG сварке // Сварка и диагностика. 2014. № 3. С. 43–47.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aleshin N.P., Gladkov E.A., Kuznetsov P.S., Brodyagin V.N., Kopoteva E.N., Sholokhov M.A. Pulse technologies for droplet transfer control in MIG / MAG welding. Svarka i diagnostika. 2014, no. 3, pp. 43–47. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнов А., Ожиганов Е., Бакланов Д., Субботин А., Ощепков Н. Испытания оборудования, работающего под давлением на опасных производственных объектах // ТехНадзор. 2015. № 10 (107). С. 72–75.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smirnov A., Ozhiganov E., Baklanov D., Subbotin A., Oshchepkov N. Testing of pressure equipment for hazardous production facilities. TekhNadzor. 2015, no. 10 (107), pp. 72–75. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Князьков В.Л., Князьков А.Ф. Повышение эффективности ручной дуговой сварки трубопроводов. Кемерово: КузГТУ, 2008. 104 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Knyaz’kov V.L., Knyaz’kov A.F. Improving Efciency of Pipelines Manual Arc Welding. Kemerovo: KuzSTU, 2008, 104 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чепрасов Д.П. Металловедение сварки и термическая обработка сварных соединений. Барнаул: изд. АлтГТУ, 2011. 108 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheprasov D.P. Metal Science of Welding and Heat Treatment of Welded Joints. Barnaul: AltSTU, 2011, 108 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Физическая природа формирования и эволюции градиентных структурно­фазовых состояний в сталях и сплавах / В.В. Коваленко, Э.В. Козлов, Ю.Ф. Иванов, В.Е. Громов. Новокузнецк: ООО «Полиграфист», 2009. 557 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kovalenko V.V., Kozlov E.V., Ivanov Yu.F., Gromov V.E. Physical Nature of Formation and Evolution of Gradient Structural-Phase States in Steels and Alloys. Novokuznetsk: OOO “Poligrafst”, 2009, 557 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Конева Н.А., Козлов Э.В. Дислокационная структура и физические механизмы упрочнения металлических материалов // Перспективные материалы / Под ред. Д.Л. Мерсона. Тула: изд. ТГУ, МИСиС, 2006. С. 267–320.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koneva N.A., Kozlov E.V. Dislocation Structure and Physical Mechanisms of Metallic Materials Strengthening. Advanced Materials. Merson D.L. ed. Tula: izd. TSU, MISiS, 2006, рр. 267–320. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Конева Н.А., Тришкина Л.И., Козлов Э.В. Физика субструктурного и зернограничного упрочнения // Фундаментальные проблемы современного материаловедения. 2014. Т. 11. № 1. С. 40–49.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koneva N.A., Trishkina L.I., Kozlov E.V. Physics of substructural and grain­boundary strengthening. Fundamental’nye problemy sovremennogo materialovedeniya. 2014, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 40–49. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнов А.Н., Козлов Э.В. Субструктура, внутренние поля напряжений и проблема разрушения паропроводов из стали 12Х1МФ. Кемерово: Кузбассвузиздат, 2004. 163 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smirnov A.N., Kozlov E.V. Substructure, Internal Stress Fields and Destruction of Steam Pipelines from 12Kh1MF Steel. Kemerovo: Kuzbassvuzizdat, 2004, 163 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнов А.Н., Данилов В.И., Ожиганов Е.А., Горбатенко В.В., Муравьев В.В. Зависимость локальных деформаций и полей внутренних напряжений от способа сварки конструкционной стали ВСт3сп. 1. Влияние способа сварки на механические характеристики и параметры акустической эмиссии стали ВСт3сп // Дефектоскопия. 2015. № 11. С. 59–67.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smirnov A.N., Danilov V.I., Ozhiganov E.A., Gorbatenko V.V., Murav’ev V.V. The dependence of local deformations and internal stress felds on welding technique for grade VSt3sp structural steel: I. The inﬂuence of welding technique on the mechanical characteristics and acoustic emission parameters of grade VSt3sp steel. Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing. 2015, vol. 51, no. 11, pp. 705–712. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061830915110066</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Okayasu M., Tomida S. Phase transformation system of austenitic stainless steels obtained by permanent compressive strain // Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2017. Vol. 684. Р. 712–725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2016.12.101</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Okayasu M., Tomida S. Phase transformation system of austenitic stainless steels obtained by permanent compressive strain. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2017, vol. 684, pp. 712–725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2016.12.101</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ullrich C., Eckner R., Krüger L., Martin S., Klemm V., Rafaja D. Interplay of microstructure defects in austenitic steel with medium stacking fault energy // Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2016. Vol. 649. P. 390–399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2015.10.021</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ullrich C., Eckner R., Krüger L., Martin S., Klemm V., Rafaja D. Interplay of microstructure defects in austenitic steel with medium stacking fault energy. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2016, vol. 649, pp. 390–399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2015.10.021</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eskandari М., Zarei­Hanzaki A., Mohtadi­Bonab M.A., Onuki Y., Basu R., Asghari A., Szpunar J.A. Grain­orientation­dependent of γ–ε–α′ transformation and twinning in a super­high­strength, high ductility austenitic Mn­steel // Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2016. Vol. 674. Р. 514–528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2016.08.024</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eskandari М., Zarei­Hanzaki A., Mohtadi­Bonab M.A., Onuki Y., Basu R., Asghari A., Szpunar J.A. Grain­orientation­dependent of γ–ε–α′ transformation and twinning in a super­high­strength, high ductility austenitic Mn­steel. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2016, vol. 674, pp. 514–528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2016.08.024</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cai Z.H., Ding H., Tang Z.Y., Misra R.D.K. Signifcance of control of austenite stability and transformation mechanisms in mediummanganese transformation­induced plasticity steel // Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2016. Vol. 676. Р. 289–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2016.08.124</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cai Z.H., Ding H., Tang Z.Y., Misra R.D.K. Signifcance of control of austenite stability and transformation mechanisms in mediummanganese transformation­induced plasticity steel. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2016, vol. 676, pp. 289–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2016.08.124</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rafaja D., Krbetschek C., Ullrich C., Martin S. Stacking fault energy in austenitic steels determined by using in situ X­ray diffraction during bending // Journal of Applied Crystallography. 2014. Vol. 47. Р. 936–947. https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576714007109</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rafaja D., Krbetschek C., Ullrich C., Martin S. Stacking fault energy in austenitic steels determined by using in situ X­ray diffraction during bending. Journal of Applied Crystallography. 2014, vol. 47, pp. 936–947. https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576714007109</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moallemi M., Kermanpur A., Najafzadeh A., Rezaee A., Baghbadorani H.S., Nezhadfar P.D. Deformation­induced martensitic transformation in a 201 austenitic steel: The synergy of stacking fault energy and chemical driving force // Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2016. Vol. 653. Р. 147–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2015.12.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moallemi M., Kermanpur A., Najafzadeh A., Rezaee A., Baghbadorani H.S., Nezhadfar P.D. Deformation­induced martensitic transformation in a 201 austenitic steel: The synergy of stacking fault energy and chemical driving force. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2016, vol. 653, pp. 147–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2015.12.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Park M.C., Kim K.N., Yun J.Y., Shin G.S., Kim S.J. Strain­induced ε/α′ martensitic transformation behavior and solid particle erosion resistance of austenitic Fe –Cr–C–Mn/Ni alloys // Tribology Letters. 2014. Vol. 54. No. 1. P. 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-014-0306-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Park M.C., Kim K.N., Yun J.Y., Shin G.S., Kim S.J. Strain­induced ε/α′ martensitic transformation behavior and solid particle erosion resistance of austenitic Fe–Cr–C–Mn/Ni alloys. Tribology Letters. 2014, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-014-0306-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krüger L., Wolf S., Martin S., Martin U., Jahn A., Weiß A., Scheller P.R. Strain rate dependent ﬂow stress and energy absorption behaviour of cast CrMnNi TRIP/TWIP steels // Steel Research International. 2011. Vol. 82. No. 9. P. 1087–1093. https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.201100067</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krüger L., Wolf S., Martin S., Martin U., Jahn A., Weiß A., Scheller P.R. Strain rate dependent ﬂow stress and energy absorption behaviour of cast CrMnNi TRIP/TWIP steels. Steel Research International. 2011, vol. 82, no. 9, pp. 1087–1093. https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.201100067</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sudha C., Prasanthi T.N., Paul V.T., Saroja S., Vijayalakshmi M. Metastable phase transformation in Ti­5Ta­2Nb alloy and 304L austenitic stainless steel under explosive cladding conditions // Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 2012. Vol. 43. No. 10. P. 3596–3607. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-012-1198-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sudha C., Prasanthi T.N., Paul V.T., Saroja S., Vijayalakshmi M. Metastable phase transformation in Ti­5Ta­2Nb alloy and 304L austenitic stainless steel under explosive cladding conditions. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 2012, vol. 43, no. 10, pp. 3596–3607. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-012-1198-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen A.Y., Ruan H.H., Wang J., Chan H.L., Wang Q., Li Q., Lu J. The inﬂuence of strain rate on the microstructure transition of 304 stainless steel // Acta Materialia. 2011. Vol. 59. No. 9. P. 3697–3709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2011.03.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen A.Y., Ruan H.H., Wang J., Chan H.L., Wang Q., Li Q., Lu J. The inﬂuence of strain rate on the microstructure transition of 304 stainless steel // Acta Materialia. 2011. Vol. 59. No. 9. P. 3697–3709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2011.03.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martin S., Wolf S., Martin U., Krüger L., Rafaja D. Deformation mechanisms in austenitic TRIP/TWIP steel as a function of temperature // Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 2016. Vol. 47. No. 1. P. 49–58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-014-2684-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martin S., Wolf S., Martin U., Krüger L., Rafaja D. Deformation mechanisms in austenitic TRIP/TWIP steel as a function of temperature // Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 2016. Vol. 47. No. 1. P. 49–58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-014-2684-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
