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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2021-8-550-560</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-2155</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METALLURGICAL TECHNOLOGIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследования напряженно­деформированного состояния металла на начальной стадии прокатки железнодорожных рельсов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Stressstrain state of metal at the initial stage of railway rails rolling</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4403-9006</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уманский</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Umanskii</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>  Александр Александрович Уманский, к.т.н., доцент, доцент кафедры металлургии черных металлов</p><p>654007, Кемеровская обл. – Кузбасс, Новокузнецк, ул. Кирова, 42 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Aleksandr A. Umanskii, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Prof. of the Chair ofFerrous Metallurgy </p><p> 42 Kirova Str., Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass 654007 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">umanskii@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юрьев</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yur'ev</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>  Алексей Борисович Юрьев, д.т.н., ректор</p><p>654007, Кемеровская обл. – Кузбасс, Новокузнецк, ул. Кирова, 42 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>  Aleksei B. Yur'ev, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Rector </p><p>42 Kirova Str., Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass 654007 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rector@sibsiu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дорофеев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dorofeev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>  Владимир Викторович Дорофеев, д.т.н., главный калибровщик</p><p>654043, Кемеровская обл. – Кузбасс, Новокузнецк, ш. Космическое, 16 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Vladimir V. Dorofeev, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Chief Calibrator of Rail and Beam Shop</p><p> 16 Kosmicheskoe Route, Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass 654043 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladimir.dorofeev@evraz.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Думова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dumova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Любовь Валерьевна Думова, старший преподаватель кафедрыменеджмента и отраслевой экономики</p><p>654007, Кемеровская обл. – Кузбасс, Новокузнецк, ул. Кирова, 42 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Lyubov’ V. Dumova, Senior Lecturer of the Chair “Management and Branch Economy” </p><p>42 Kirova Str., Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass 654007 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">doumova@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сибирский государственный индустриальный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Industrial University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АО «ЕВРАЗ Объединенный Западно-Сибирский металлургический комбинат»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>JSC “EVRAZ – Joint West Siberian Metallurgical Plant”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>64</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>550</fpage><lpage>560</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Уманский А.А., Юрьев А.Б., Дорофеев В.В., Думова Л.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Уманский А.А., Юрьев А.Б., Дорофеев В.В., Думова Л.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Umanskii A.A., Yur'ev A.B., Dorofeev V.V., Dumova L.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2155">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2155</self-uri><abstract><p>На основании исследований процессов формирования напряженно­деформированного металла при прокатке железнодорожных рельсов в черновых клетях универсального рельсобалочного стана, проведенных с использованием программного комплекса DEFORM­3D, определены особенности распределения критерия Кокрофта­Лэтэма по сечению раската для калибров различной формы. Установлен крайне неравномерный характер распределения критерия Кокрофта­Лэтэма по сечению раската. По полученным данным в осевой зоне значения указанного критерия минимальны, а в приповерхностных слоях наибольшее значение критерия Кокрофта­Лэтэма и, соответственно, наибольшая вероятность образования дефектов имеют место вблизи вертикальной оси калибров. В калибрах сложной формы («трапеция», «лежачая трапеция», рельсовые калибры) выявлено наличие локальных зон с максимальным значением критерия КокрофтаЛэтэма, расположенных в местах формирования подошвы рельсового профиля, а для прокатки в калибре типа «трапеция» характерно наличие такой области также в приповерхностной зоне вблизи вертикальной оси калибра. В рамках определения закономерностей формирования схемы напряженно­деформированного состояния металла на начальной стадии прокатки рельсов установлена прямая взаимосвязь между неравномерностью распределения температуры по сечению раската и значениями (максимальными и средними по сечению) критерия Кокрофта­Лэтэма. При этом показано, что неравномерность распределения температуры по сечению раската имеет тенденцию к снижению при увеличении коэффициентов вытяжек по проходам и повышении частоты кантовок независимо от формы используемых калибров. Для калибров сложной формы установлено, что в дополнение к перечисленным параметрам значимое влияние на снижение температурной неоднородности также оказывает повышение подобия формы подката и используемого калибра. На основании результатов проведенных теоретических исследований разработан новый режим прокатки железнодорожных рельсов, опытно­промышленное опробование которого в условиях универсального рельсобалочного стана АО «ЕВРАЗ ЗСМК» показало снижение отбраковки рельсов на 0,78 % по сравнению с ранее использовавшимся режимом прокатки.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Based on the studies of stress­strain metal formation during railway rails rolling in roughing stands of a universal rail­and­beam mill, carried   out using the DEFORM­3D software package, the authors have determined the features of distribution of the Cockcroft­Latham criterion over the cross­section of the rolled stock of various shapes. An extremely uneven distribution of the Cockcroft­Latham criterion over the roll section has been established. According to the data obtained, values of the specifed criterion are minimal in the axial zone, and in the near­surface layers the greatest value of the Cockcroft­Latham criterion and, accordingly, the highest probability of defects formation occur near the gauge vertical axis. In gauges of complex shape (“trapezium”, “recumbent trapezium”, rail gauges), the authors have revealed the presence of local zones with maximum Cockcroft­Latham criterion, located in the places where the foot of the rail profle is formed. And rolling in gauge of the “trapezium” type is marked by the presence of such a zone in the near­surface area near the gauge vertical axis. Within the framework of determining formation regularities of the diagram of metal stress­strain state at the initial stage of rail rolling, direct relationship was established between the uneven temperature distribution over the section of rolling and the values (maximum and average over the section) of the Cockcroft­Latham criterion. At the same time, it was shown that uneven temperature distribution over the cross­section of the roll tends to decrease with an increase in the coefcients of extracts along the passes and increase in tilting frequency, regardless of the shape of the used gauges. For gauges of complex shape, in addition to the listed parameters, an increase in similarity of shape of the roll and gauge used also has a signifcant eﬀect on reducing temperature inhomogeneity. Based on the results of theoretical studies, a new mode of railway rails rolling has been developed. Its pilot testing in the conditions of a universal rail­and­beam mill of JSC “EVRAZ ZSMK” has shown a decrease in rail rejection by 0.78 % compared to the previously used rolling mode.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>напряженно­деформированное состояние металла</kwd><kwd>железнодорожные рельсы</kwd><kwd>универсальный рельсобалочный стан</kwd><kwd>черновые клети</kwd><kwd>математическое моделирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>stress­strain state of metal</kwd><kwd>railway rails</kwd><kwd>universal rail­and­beam mill</kwd><kwd>roughing stand</kwd><kwd>mathematical modeling</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследования выполнены при финансовой поддержке РФФИ и Кемеровской области в рамках научного проекта № 20­48­420011</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and the Kemerovo Region within the framework of the scientifc project No. 20­48­420011</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сметанин С.В., Перетятько В.Н., Волков К.В. 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