blackmetИзвестия высших учебных заведений. Черная МеталлургияIzvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy0368-07972410-2091National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"10.17073/0368-0797-2021-6-395-412blackmet-2128Research ArticleФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ МЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВPHYSICO-CHEMICAL BASICS OF METALLURGICAL PROCESSESДибориды некоторых переходных металлов: свойства, области применения и методы получения. Часть 2. Дибориды хрома и циркония (обзор)Diborides of transition metals: Properties, application and production. review. Part 2. Chromium and zirconium diborideshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2524-4143КрутскийЮ. Л.KrutskiiYu. L.

Юрий Леонидович Крутский, к.т.н., доцент кафедры химии и  химической технологии

630073, Новосибирск, пр. Карла Маркса, 20

Yurii L. Krutskii, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Prof. of the Chair “Chemistry and Chemical Technology”

630073 Novosibirsk, K. Marksa Ave., 20

krutskii@yandex.ruГудымаТ. С.GudymaT. S.

Татьяна Сергеевна Гудыма, аспирант кафедры химии и химической технологии

630073, Новосибирск, пр. Карла Маркса, 20

Tat’yana S. Gudyma, Postgraduate of the Chair “Chemistry and Chemical Technology”

630073 Novosibirsk, K. Marksa Ave., 20

gudymatan@mail.ruДюковаК. Д.DyukovaK. D.

Ксения Дмитриевна Дюкова, к.т.н., инженер аналитической лаборатории

630090, Новосибирск, ул. Кутателадзе, 7/11

Kseniya D. Dyukova, Cand. Sci (Eng.), Engineer of Analytical Laboratory

630090 Novosibirsk, Kutateladze Str., 7/11 

dyukova_kx-701@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7712-4296КузьминР. И.Kuz’minR. I.

Руслан Изатович Кузьмин, аспирант кафедры материаловедения в машиностроении

630073, Новосибирск, пр. Карла Маркса, 20

Ruslan I. Kuz’min, Postgraduate of the Chair “Material Science in Mechanical Engineering”

630073 Novosibirsk, K. Marksa Ave., 20

kuzmin.2010@corp.nstu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8003-4523КрутскаяТ. М.KrutskayaT. M.

Татьяна Михайловна Крутская, к.х.н., доцент кафедры физики и химии

630008, Новосибирск, ул. Ленинград­ская, 113

Tat’yana M. Krutskaya, Cand. Sci. (Chem.), Assist. Prof. of the Chair of Physics and Chemistry

630008 Novosibirsk, Leningradskaya Str.,  113

t.krutskaya@mail.ruНовосибирский государственный технический университетРоссияNovosibirsk State Technical UniversityRussian FederationООО «Международный научный центр по теплофизике и энергетике»РоссияLLC “International Scientific Center for Thermophysics and Energy”Russian FederationНовосибирский государственный архитектурно-строительный университетРоссияNovosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil EngineeringRussian Federation202118072021646395412Copyright © Крутский Ю.Л., Гудыма Т.С., Дюкова К.Д., Кузьмин Р.И., Крутская Т.М., 20212021Крутский Ю.Л., Гудыма Т.С., Дюкова К.Д., Кузьмин Р.И., Крутская Т.М.Krutskii Y.L., Gudyma T.S., Dyukova K.D., Kuz’min R.I., Krutskaya T.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2128

Рассмотрены свойства, области применения и методы получения диборидов хрома и циркония. Эти дибориды относятся к  бескислородным тугоплавким металлоподобным соединениям. Характеризуются высокими значениями тепло- и электропроводности, обладают высокой твердостью. Дибориды хрома и циркония проявляют значительную химическую стойкость в агрессивных средах. По этим причинам они нашли применение в современной технике (используются в качестве наплавочных материалов при нанесении износостойких покрытий). Диборид хрома применяют в качестве спекающей добавки для улучшения свойств керамики на основе карбида бора и диборида титана. Диборид циркония является компонентом ультравысокотемпературной керамики (УВТК) ZrB2 – SiC, перспективной для использования в сверхзвуковых летательных аппаратах и в узлах газовых турбин. Керамика B4C–CrB2 и  B4C–ZrB2 обладает качественными эксплуатационными характеристиками, в частности повышенной трещиностойкостью. Свойства тугоплавких соединений зависят от содержания примесей и дисперсности. Для решения конкретной задачи, связанной с применением тугоплавких соединений, важно правильно выбрать метод их получения, определить допустимое содержание примесей в исходных компонентах. Это обусловливает наличие разных методов синтеза боридов. Основными методами их получения являются: синтез из простых веществ; боротермическое восстановление оксидов; карботермическое восстановление (восстановление смесей оксидов металлов и бора углеродом; металлотермическое восстановление смесей оксидов металлов и бора; карбидоборное восстановление. Также для получения нанопорошков диборидов применяется плазмохимический синтез (осаждение из парогазовой фазы). Охарактеризован каждый из этих методов.

The second part of the review considers properties, application and methods for producing chromium and zirconium diborides. These diborides are oxygen-free refractory metal-like compounds. As a result, they are characterized by high values of thermal and electrical conductivity. Their hardness is relatively high. Chromium and zirconium diborides exhibit significant chemical resistance in aggressive environments. They have found application in modern technology because of these reasons. Chromium diboride is used as a sintering additive to improve the properties of ceramics based on boron carbide and titanium diboride. Zirconium diboride is a component of advanced ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTC) ZrB2 –SiC used in supersonic aircrafts and in gas turbine assemblies. Ceramics B4C–CrB2 and B4C–ZrB2 have high-quality performance characteristics, in particular, increased crack resistance. The properties of refractory compounds depend on the content of impurities and dispersion. Therefore, to solve a specific problem associated with the use of refractory compounds, it is important to choose the method of their preparation correctly, to determine the admissible content of impurities in the starting components. This leads to the presence of different methods for the borides synthesis. The main methods for their preparation are: a) synthesis from elements; b) borothermal reduction of oxides; c) carbothermal reduction (reduction of mixtures of metal oxides and boron with carbon; d) metallothermal reduction of metal oxides and boron mixtures; e) boron-carbide reduction. Plasma-chemical synthesis (deposition from the vapor-gas phase) is also used to obtain diboride nanopowders. Each of these methods is described.

диборид хромадиборид циркониясвойстваобласти примененияметоды полученияchromium diboridezirconium diboridepropertiesapplication fieldsobtaining methodsРабота выполнена при финансовой поддержке в рамках реализации программы развития НГТУ, научный проект № С20-19This work was supported by the NSTU development program, scientific project No. С20-19ReferencesСеребрякова Т.И., Неронов В.А., Пешев П.Д. Высокотемпературные бориды. М.: Металлургия, Челябинское отделение, 1991. 368 с.Serebryakova T.I., Neronov V.A., Peshev P.D. High Temperature Borides. Moscow: Metallurgiya, Chelyabinskoe otdelenie, 1991, 368 p. (In Russ.).Свойства, получение и применение тугоплавких соединений. Справочник / Под ред. Т.Я. Косолаповой. М.: Металлургия, 1986. 928 с.Properties, Production and Application of Refractory Compounds. Reference book. Kosolapova T.Ya. ed. Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1986, 928 p. (In Russ.).Косолапова Т.Я. Химические свойства тугоплавких соединений// Журнал ВХО им. Д.И. Менделеева. 1979. Т. 34. № 3. С.244–249.Kosolapova T.Ya. Chemical properties of refractory compounds. Zhurnal VKhO im. D.I. Mendeleyeva. 1979, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 244–249. (In Russ.).Орешкин В.Д., Светлополянский В.И., Серебрякова Т.И. Исследование износостойкости поверхностей, наплавленных боридами // Порошковая металлургия. 1971. № 3. С. 78–82.Oreshkin V.D., Svetlopolyanskii V.I., Serebryakova T.I. Study of the wear resistance of surfaces deposited with borides. Poroshkovaya metallurgiya. 1971, no. 3, pp. 78–82. (In Russ.).Горбунов А.Е., Брыксин-Лямин М.П. Тугоплавкие бориды, как основные составляющие порошкообразных наплавочных смесей // Порошковая металлургия. 1971. № 4. С. 91–93.Gorbunov A.E., Bryksin-Lyamin M.P. Refractory borides as the main components of powdered surfacing mixtures. Poroshkovaya metallurgiya. 1971, no. 4, pp. 91–93. (In Russ.).Чернега С.М. Комплексное насыщение углеродистых сталей бором и хромом в активированной среде // Известия вузов. Черная металлургия. 1999. № 11. С. 58–60.Chernega S.M. Complex saturation of carbon steels with boron and chromium in an activated medium. Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy. 1999, no. 11, pp. 58–60. (In Russ.).Горшков Б.Н., Кудрявцев Ю.П., Лоскутов В.С., Неронов В.А., Алексеев В.В. Технологический процесс нанесения покрытий из некоторых боридов переходных металлов методом плазменного напыления // Порошковая металлургия. 1980. № 5. С.73–76.Gorshkov B.N., Kudryavtsev Yu.P., Loskutov V.S., Neronov V.A., Alekseev V.V. Technological process of coating of some transition metals borides by plasma spraying. Poroshkovaya metallurgiya. 1980, no. 5, pp. 73–76. (In Russ.).Обабков Н.В., Сорокин В.Г., Гузанов Б.Н., Бекетов А.Р., Свистунов В.В., Шурыгин В.С. Температуроустойчивые износостойкие покрытия, содержащие бориды хрома. В кн.: Высокотемпературная защита материалов. Л.: Наука, Ленинградское отделение, 1981. С. 159–163.Obabkov N.V., Sorokin V.G., Guzanov B.N., Beketov A.R., Svistunov V.V., Shurygin V.S. Temperature-resistant wear-resisting coatings with chromium borides. In: High-Temperature Material Protection. Leningrad: Nauka, 1981, pp. 159–163. (In Russ.).Jordan L.R., Betts A.J., Dahm K.L., Dearnley P.A., Wright G.A. Corrosion and passivation mechanism of chromium diboride coatings on stainless steel // Corrosion Science. 2005. Vol. 47. No.5. P. 1085–1096. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2003.10.018Jordan L.R., Betts A.J., Dahm K.L., Dearnley P.A., Wright G.A. Corrosion and passivation mechanism of chromium diboride coatings on stainless steel. Corrosion Science. 2005, vol. 47, no. 5, pp.1085–1096. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2003.10.018Dearnley P.A., Schellewald M., Dahm K.L. Characterisation and wear response of metal-boride coated WC–Co // Wear. 2005. Vol.259. No.7-12. Р. 861–869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2005.01.031Dearnley P.A., Schellewald M., Dahm K.L. Characterisation and wear response of metal-boride coated WC–Co. Wear. 2005, vol. 259, no.7-12, pp. 861–869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2005.01.031Yamada S., Hirao K., Yamauchi Y., Kanzaki S. Mechanical and electrical properties of B4 C–CrB2 ceramics fabricated by liquid phase sintering // Ceramics International. 2003. Vol. 29. No. 3. P.299–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-8842(02)00120-7Yamada S., Hirao K., Yamauchi Y., Kanzaki S. Mechanical and electrical properties of B4 C–CrB2 ceramics fabricated by liquid phase sintering. Ceramics International. 2003, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 299–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-8842(02)00120-7Königshofer R., Fürnsinn S., Steinkellner P., Lengauer W., HaasR., Rabitsch K., Scheerer M. Solid-state properties of hot-pressed TiB2 ceramics // International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials. 2005. Vol. 23. No. 4-6. Р. 350–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2005.05.006Königshofer R., Fürnsinn S., Steinkellner P., Lengauer W., Haas R., Rabitsch K., Scheerer M. Solid-state properties of hot-pressed TiB2 ceramics. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials. 2005, vol. 23, no. 4-6, pp. 350–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2005.05.006Murthy T.S.R.Ch., Sonber J.K., Subramanian C., Fotedar R.K., Gonal M.R., Suri A.K. Effect of CrB2 addition on densification, properties and oxidation resistance of TiB2 // International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials. 2009. Vol. 27. No. 6. Р.976–984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2009.06.004Murthy T.S.R.Ch., Sonber J.K., Subramanian C., Fotedar R.K., Gonal M.R., Suri A.K. Effect of CrB2 addition on densification, properties and oxidation resistance of TiB2. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials. 2009, vol. 27, no. 6, pp.976–984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2009.06.004Артамонов А.Я., Тутаков О.В., Дайч А.И. Исследование полирующей способности тугоплавких соединений // Порошковая металлургия. 1967. № 2. С. 29–35.Artamonov A.Ya., Tutakov O.V., Daich A.I. Study of the polishing ability of refractory compounds. Poroshkovaya metallurgiya. 1967, no. 2, pp. 29–35. (In Russ.).Кипарисов С.С., Либенсон Г.А., Панкевич А.П. О получении малопористых спеченных изделий из диборида циркония // Цветные металлы. 1975. № 1. С. 66–67.Kiparisov S.S., Libenson G.A., Pankevich A.P. On production of low-porous sintered products from zirconium diboride. Tsvetnye metally. 1975, no. 1, pp. 66–67. (In Russ.).Самсонов Г.В., Панасюк А.Д., Боровикова М.С. Контактное взаимодействие тугоплавких соединений с жидкими металлами. III. Исследование процесса смачивания металлоподобных боридов жидкими непереходными металлами // Порошковая металлургия. 1973. № 5. С. 61–67.Samsonov G.V., Panasyuk A.D., Borovikova M.S. Contact interaction of refractory compounds with liquid metals. III. Investigation of the process of wetting metal-like borides with liquid transition metals. Poroshkovaya metallurgiya. 1973, no. 5, pp. 61–67. (In Russ.).Mroz C. Annual minerals review. Zirconium diboride // American Ceramic Society Bulletin. 1995. Vol. 74. No. 6. P. 164–165.Mroz C. Annual minerals review. Zirconium diboride. American Ceramic Society Bulletin. 1995, vol. 74, no. 6, pp. 164–165.Кузенкова М.А., Кислый П.С., Гончаренко Г.Н. Взаимодействие жидкой стали с диборидами тугоплавких металлов // Порошковая металлургия. 1971. № 9. С. 50–53.Kuzenkova M.A., Kislyi P.S., Goncharenko G.N. Interaction of liquid steel with refractory metals diborides. Poroshkovaya metallurgiya. 1971, no. 9, pp. 50–53. (In Russ.).Fahrenholtz W.G., Hilmas G.E., Talmy I.G., Zaykoski J.A. Refractory diborides of zirconium and hafnium // Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 2007. Vol. 90. No. 5. P. 1347–1364. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.01583.xFahrenholtz W.G., Hilmas G.E., Talmy I.G., Zaykoski J.A. Refractory diborides of zirconium and hafnium. Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 2007, vol. 90, no. 5, pp. 1347–1364. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.01583.xSonber J.K., Suri A.K. Synthesis and consolidation of zirconium diboride: Review // Advances in Applied Ceramics. 2011. Vol.110. No. 6. P. 321–334. https://doi.org/10.1179/1743676111Y.0000000008Sonber J.K., Suri A.K. Synthesis and consolidation of zirconium diboride: Review. Advances in Applied Ceramics. 2011, vol. 110, no.6, pp. 321–334. https://doi.org/10.1179/1743676111Y.0000000008Monteverde F., Savino R., Fumo M.D.S. Dynamic oxidation of ultra-high temperature ZrB2–SiC under high enthalpy supersonic flows // Corrosion Science. 2011. Vol. 53. No. 3. P. 922–929. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2010.11.018Monteverde F., Savino R., Fumo M.D.S. Dynamic oxidation of ultra-high temperature ZrB2SiC under high enthalpy supersonic flows. Corrosion Science. 2011, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 922–929. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2010.11.018Patel M., Reddi J.J., Prasad V.V.B., Jayaram V. Strength of hotpressed ZrB2–SiC composite after exposure to high temperatures (1000–1700°C) // Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 2012. Vol. 32. No. 16. P. 4455–4467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2012.06.025Patel M., Reddi J.J., Prasad V.V.B., Jayaram V. Strength of hotpressed ZrB2SiC composite after exposure to high temperatures (1000–1700°C). Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 2012, vol. 32, no. 16, pp. 4455–4467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2012.06.025Bird M.W., Aune R.P., Yu F., Becher P.F., White K.W. Creep behavior of a zirconium diboride–silicon carbide composite // Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 2013. Vol. 33. No. 13-14. P. 2407–2420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2013.03.022Bird M.W., Aune R.P., Yu F., Becher P.F., White K.W. Creep behavior of a zirconium diboride–silicon carbide composite. Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 2013, vol. 33, no. 13-14, pp. 2407–2420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2013.03.022Zou X., Fu Q., Liu L., Li H., Wang Y., Yao H., He Z. ZrB2 –SiC coating to protect carbon/carbon composites against ablation // Surface and Coating Technology. 2013. Vol. 226. P. 17–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.03.027Zou X., Fu Q., Liu L., Li H., Wang Y., Yao H., He Z. ZrB2SiC coating to protect carbon/carbon composites against ablation. Surface and Coating Technology. 2013, vol. 226, pp. 17–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.03.027Gao D., Zhang Y., Xu C., Song Y., Shi X. Oxidation kinetics of hot-pressed ZrB2–SiC ceramic matrix composites // Ceramics International. 2013. Vol. 39. No. 3. P. 3113–3119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.09.091Gao D., Zhang Y., Xu C., Song Y., Shi X. Oxidation kinetics of hotpressed ZrB2SiC ceramic matrix composites. Ceramics International. 2013, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 3113–3119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.09.091Krupa M.S., Kumar N.D., Kumar R.S., Chakravarthy P., Venkateswarlu K. Effect of zirconium diboride addition on the properties of silicon carbide composites // Ceramics International. 2013. Vol. 39. No. 8. P. 9567–9574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2013.05.075Krupa M.S., Kumar N.D., Kumar R.S., Chakravarthy P., Venkateswarlu K. Effect of zirconium diboride addition on the properties of silicon carbide composites. Ceramics International. 2013, vol. 39, no. 8, pp. 9567–9574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2013.05.075Neuman E.W., Hilmas G.E., Fahrenholtz W.G. Mechanical behavior of zirconium diboride-silicon carbide ceramics at elevated temperature in air // Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 2013. Vol. 33. No. 15-16. P. 2889–2899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2013.05.003Neuman E.W., Hilmas G.E., Fahrenholtz W.G. Mechanical behavior of zirconium diboride-silicon carbide ceramics at elevated temperature in air. Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 2013, vol. 33, no. 15-16, pp. 2889–2899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2013.05.003Ortona A., Lagos M.A., Scocchi G., Barcena G. Spark plasma sintering of ZrB2 –SiC composites with in-situ reaction bonded silicon carbide // Ceramics International. 2014. Vol. 40. No. 1. Part A. P. 821–826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2013.06.074Ortona A., Lagos M.A., Scocchi G., Barcena G. Spark plasma sintering of ZrB2SiC composites with in-situ reaction bonded silicon carbide. Ceramics International. 2014, vol. 40, no. 1, part A, pp.821–826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2013.06.074Подчерняева И.А., Панасюк А.Д., Панашенко В.М., ГригорьевО.Н., Духота А.И., Жигинас В.В. Закономерности абразивного изнашивания ZrB2-содержащих электроискровых и комбинированных покрытий на титановом сплаве. II. Абразивное изнашивание нежестко закрепленным абразивом ZrB2-содержащих покрытий // Порошковая металлургия. 2009. № 7/8. С.87–94.Podchernyaeva I.A., Panasyuk A.D., Panashenko V.M., Grigor’evO.N., Dukhota A.I., Zhiginas V.V. Abrasive wear of ZrB2-containing spark-deposited and combined coatings on titanium alloy.II. Nonfixed-abrasive wear of ZrB2-containing coatings. Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics. 2009, vol. 48, no. 7-8, pp. 435–440. (In Russ.). http://doi.org/10.1007/s11106-009-9148-1Орданьян С.С., Дмитриев А.И., Бижев К.Т., Степаненко Е.К. Взаимодействие в системе B4 C–ZrB2 // Порошковая металлургия. 1988. № 1. С. 41–43.Ordan’yan S.S., Dmitriev A.I., Bizhev K.T., Stepanenko E.K. Interaction in the B4 C–ZrB2 system. Poroshkovaya metallurgiya. 1988, no. 1, pp. 41–43. (In Russ.).Ковалев А.В., Дудник Е.М., Григорьев О.Н., Шапошникова Т.И., Марцынюк Е.С. Направленно-закристаллизованная эвтектика системы B4 C–ZrB2 // Порошковая металлургия. 2000. № 1/2. С.71–75.Kovalev A.V., Dudnik E.M., Grigor’ev O.N., Shaposhnikova T.I., Martsynyuk E.S. Directionally crystallized eutectic in the B4 C–ZrB2 system. Poroshkovaya metallurgiya. 2000, no. 1-2, pp. 71–75. (In Russ.).Zou J., Huang S.-G., Vanmeensel K., Zhang G.-J., Vleugels J., Van der Biest O. Spark plasma sintering of superhard B4 C–ZrB2 ceramics by carbide boronizing // Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 2013. Vol. 96. No. 4. P. 1055–1059. https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.12284Zou J., Huang S.-G., Vanmeensel K., Zhang G.-J., Vleugels J., Van der Biest O. Spark plasma sintering of superhard B4 C–ZrB2 ceramics by carbide boronizing. Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 2013, vol. 96, no. 4, pp. 1055–1059. https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.12284Mestvirishvili Z., Bairamashvili I., Kvatchadze V., RekhviashviliN. Thermal and mechanical properties of B4 C–ZrB2 ceramic composite// Journal of Materials Science and Engineering B. 2015. Vol. 5. No. 9-10. P. 385–393. https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6221/2015.9-10.007Mestvirishvili Z., Bairamashvili I., Kvatchadze V., Rekhviashvili N. Thermal and mechanical properties of B4 C–ZrB2 ceramic composite. Journal of Materials Science and Engineering B. 2015, vol. 5, no. 9-10, pp. 385–393. https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6221/2015.9-10.007Shcherbakov V.A., Gryadunov A.N., Alymov M.I. Synthesis and characteristics of the B4 C–ZrB2 composite // Letters on Materials. 2017. Vol. 7. No. 4. P. 398–401. https://doi.org/10.22226/2410-3535-2017-4-398-401Shcherbakov V.A., Gryadunov A.N., Alymov M.I. Synthesis and characterictics of the B4 C–ZrB2 composite. Letters on Materials. 2017, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 398–401. https://doi.org/10.22226/2410-3535-2017-4-398-401Гурин В.Н. Методы синтеза тугоплавких соединений и перспективы их применения для создания новых материалов // Журнал ВХО им. Д.И. Менделеева. 1979. Т. 24. № 3. С. 212–222.Gurin V.N. Methods for the synthesis of refractory compounds and prospects for their application to create new materials. Zhurnal VKhO im. D.I. Mendeleyeva. 1979, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 212–222. (In Russ.).Мержанов А.Г., Боровинская И.П. Самораспространяющийся высокотемпературный синтез в химии и технологии тугоплавких соединений // Журнал ВХО им. Д.И. Менделеева. 1979. Т.24. № 3. С. 223–227.Merzhanov A.G., Borovinskaya I.P. Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis in chemistry and technology of refractory compounds. Zhurnal VKhO im. D.I. Mendeleyeva. 1979, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 223–227. (In Russ.).Свойства элементов. Часть 1: Физические свойства. Справочник / Под ред. Г.В. Самсонова. М.: Металлургия, 1976. 600 с.Properties of Elements. Part 1: Physical Properties. Reference Book. Samsonov G.V. ed. Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1976, 600 p. (In Russ.).Самсонов Г.В., Перминов В.П. Магниетермия. М.: Металлургия, 1971. 176 с.Samsonov G.V., Perminov V.P. Magnesiothermy. Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1971, 176 p. (In Russ.).Физико-химические свойства окислов. Справочник / Под общ. ред. Г.В. Самсонова. Киев: Наукова думка, 1978. 654 с.Physicochemical Properties of Oxides. Reference book. SamsonovG.V. ed. Kiev: Naukova dumka, 1978, 654 p. (In Russ.).Киффер Р., Бенезовский Ф. Твердые материалы. М.: Металлургия, 1968. 384 с.Kieffer R., Benesovsky F. Hartmetalle. Vienna: Springer-Verlag, 1965. (In Germ.). (Russ. ed.: Kieffer R., Benesovsky F. Tverdye materialy. Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1968, 384 p.) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-8127-0Карбид бора / П.С. Кислый, М.А. Кузенкова, Н.И. Боднарук, Б.Л. Грабчук. Киев: Наукова Думка, 1988. 216 с.Kislyi P.S., Kuzenkova M.A., Bodnaruk N.I., Grabchuk B.L. Boron Carbide. Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1988, 216 p. (In Russ.).Morris M.A., Morris D.G. Ball-milling of elemental powderscompound formation and/or amorphization // Journal of Materials Science. 1991. Vol. 26. Р. 4687–4696. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00612407Morris M.A., Morris D.G. Ball-milling of elemental powders-compound formation and/or amorphization. Journal of Materials Science. 1991, vol. 26, pp. 4687–4696. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00612407Iizumi K., Kudaka K., Maezawa D., Sasaki T. Mechanochemical synthesis of chromium borides // Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan. 1999. Vol. 107. No. 1245. Р. 491–493. https://doi.org/10.2109/jcersj.107.491Iizumi K., Kudaka K., Maezawa D., Sasaki T. Mechanochemical synthesis of chromium borides. Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan. 1999, vol. 107, no. 1245, pp. 491–493. https://doi.org/10.2109/jcersj.107.491Макаренко Г.Н., Крушинская Л.А., Тимофеева И.И., МацераВ.Е., Васильковская М.А., Уварова И.В. Особенности формирования диборидов переходных металлов IV–VI групп в процессе механохимического синтеза // Порошковая металлургия. 2014. № 9/10. С. 24–32.Makarenko G.N., Krushinskaya L.A., Timofeeva I.I., MatseraV.E., Vasil’kovskaya M.A., Uvarova I.V. Formation of diborides of groups IV–VI transition metals during mechanochemical synthesis. Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics. 2015, vol. 53, no. 9-10, pp.514–521. (In Russ.). http://doi/org/10.1007/s11106-015-9645-3Боровинская И.П., Новиков Н.П. Синтез боридов из окислов всамораспространяющемся режиме. В сб.: Процессы горения в химической технологии и в металлургии. Черноголовка: Отделение института химической физики, 1975. С. 131–136.Borovinskaya I.P., Novikov N.P. Synthesis of borides from oxides in self-propagating mode. In: Combustion Processes in Chemical Technology and Metallurgy. Chernogolovka: Department of the Institute of Chemical Physics, 1975, рр. 131–136. (In Russ.).Yeh C.L., Wang H.J. Preparation of borides in Nb–B and Cr–B systems by combustion synthesis involving borothermic reduction of Nb2O5 and Cr2O3 // Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2010. Vol.490. No. 1-2. Р. 366–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.10.007Yeh C.L., Wang H.J. Preparation of borides in Nb–B and Cr–B systems by combustion synthesis involving borothermic reduction of Nb2O5 and Cr2O3. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2010, vol.490, no. 1-2, pp. 366–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.10.007Kumar M.B., Kumar S., Ganguli A.K. Surface decoration through electrostatic interaction leading to enhanced reactivity: Low temperature synthesis of nanostructured chromium borides (CrB and CrB2) // Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 2013. Vol. 200. Р.117–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2013.01.005Kumar M.B., Kumar S., Ganguli A.K. Surface decoration through electrostatic interaction leading to enhanced reactivity: Low temperature synthesis of nanostructured chromium borides (CrB and CrB2 ). Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 2013, vol. 200, pp.117–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2013.01.005Liu Z., Wei Y., Meng X., Ran S. Synthesis of CrB2 powders at 800°C under ambient pressure // Ceramics International. 2017. Vol.43. No. 1. Part B. P. 1628–1631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.10.108Liu Z., Wei Y., Meng X., Ran S. Synthesis of CrB2 powders at 800°C under ambient pressure. Ceramics International. 2017, vol.43, no.1, part B, pp. 1628–1631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.10.108Горбунов А.Е. Углетермический метод получения боридов хрома, молибдена и циркония // Порошковая металлургия. 1966. №11. С. 52–56.Gorbunov A.E. Carbon-thermal method for producing chromium, molybdenum and zirconium borides. Poroshkovaya metallurgiya. 1966, no. 11, pp. 52–56. (In Russ.).Марковский Л.Я., Векшина Н.В., Безрук Е.Т., Сухарева Г.Е., Воеводская Т.К. Магнийтермический метод получения боридов металлов // Порошковая металлургия. 1969. № 5. С. 13–18.Markovskii L.Ya., Vekshina N.V., Bezruk E.T., Sukhareva G.E., Voevodskaya T.K. Magnesium-thermal method for producing metal borides. Poroshkovaya metallurgiya. 1969, no. 5, pp. 13–18. (In Russ.).Torabi O., Golabgir M.H., Tajizadegan H. An investigation on the formation mechanism of nano CrB2 powder in the Mg–B2O3 –Cr2O3 system // International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials. 2015. Vol. 51. Р. 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2015.02.015Torabi O., Golabgir M.H., Tajizadegan H. An investigation on the formation mechanism of nano CrB2 powder in the Mg–B2O3Cr2O3 system. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials. 2015, vol. 51, pp. 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2015.02.015Картвелишвили Ю.М., Мчедлишвили Д.И., Хочолава З.Д. К вопросу о получении боридов хрома. В сб.: Высокотемпературные бориды и силициды. Киев: Наукова Думка, 1978. С. 56–59.Kartvelishvili Yu.M., Mchedlishvili D.I., Khocholava Z.D. On obtaining chromium borides. In: High-Temperature Borides and Silicides. Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1978, pp. 56–59. (In Russ.).Rao L., Gillan E.G., Kaner R.B. Rapid synthesis of transition-metal borides by solid-state metathesis // Journal of Materials Research. 1995. Vol. 10. No. 2. P. 353–361. https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1995.0353Rao L., Gillan E.G., Kaner R.B. Rapid synthesis of transition-metal borides by solid-state metathesis. Journal of Materials Research. 1995, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 353–361. https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1995.0353Kuznetsov N.T., Golovanova A.I., Kedrova N.S., Mal`tsevaN.N., Shevchenko Y.N. Thermal reactions of alkaline metal borohydrides: synthesis of borides // Journal of the Less-Common Metals. 1986. Vol. 117. No. 1-2. P. 41–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088(86)90009-3Kuznetsov N.T., Golovanova A.I., Kedrova N.S., Mal`tseva N.N., Shevchenko Y.N. Thermal reactions of alkaline metal borohydrides: synthesis of borides. Journal of the Less-Common Metals. 1986, vol. 117, no. 1-2, pp. 41–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088(86)90009-3Карасев А.И. Получение порошков технических боридов титана, циркония, хрома и вольфрама борокарбидным методом // Порошковая металлургия. 1973. № 10. С. 1–5.Karasev A.I. Obtaining powders of technical borides of titanium, zirconium, chromium and tungsten by the borocarbide method. Poroshkovaya metallurgiya. 1973, no. 10, pp. 1–5. (In Russ.).ГОСТ 5744 – 85. Материалы шлифовальные из карбида бора. Технические условия. М.: Издательство стандартов, 1998. 12с.GOST 5744 85. Materials grinding from boron carbide. Technical requirements. Moscow: Izdatel’stvo standartov, 1998, 12 p. (In Russ.).Sonber J.K., Murthy T.S.R.Ch., Subramanian C., Kumar S., FotedarR.K., Suri A.K., Investigation on synthesis, pressureless sintering and hot pressing of chromium diboride // International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials. 2009. Vol. 27. No.5. Р. 912–918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2009.05.008Sonber J.K., Murthy T.S.R.Ch., Subramanian C., Kumar S., FotedarR.K., Suri A.K., Investigation on synthesis, pressureless sintering and hot pressing of chromium diboride. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials. 2009, vol. 27, no. 5, pp.912–918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2009.05.008Крутский Ю.Л., Дюкова К.Д, Баннов А.Г., Соколов В.В., Пичугин А.Ю., Максимовский Е.А., Ухина А.В., Крутская Т.М., Попов М.В., Нецкина О.В. Синтез высокодисперсного порошка диборида хрома с использованием нановолокнистого углерода// Перспективные материалы. 2015. № 3. С. 55–61.Krutskii Yu.L., Dyukova K.D, Bannov A.G., Sokolov V.V., Pichugin A.Yu., Maksimovskii E.A., Ukhina A.V., Krutskaya T.M., PopovM.V., Netskina O.V. Synthesis of finely dispersed chromium diboride powder using carbon nanofibre. Perspektivnye materialy. 2015, no. 3, pp. 55–61. (In Russ.).Крутский Ю.Л., Дюкова К.Д., Кузьмин Р.И., Нецкина О.В., Иорх А.Е. Синтез высокодисперсного диборида хрома с использованием нановолокнистого углерода // Известия вузов. Черная металлургия. 2018. Т. 61. № 10. С. 800–806. https://doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2018-10-800-806Krutskii Yu.L., Dyukova K.D., Kuz’min R.I., Netskina O.V., IorkhA.E. Synthesis of finely dispersed chromium diboride from nanofibrous carbon. Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy. 2018, vol. 61, no. 10, pp. 800–806. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2018-10-800-806Kuvshinov G.G., Mogilnykh Yu.L., Kuvshinov D.G., Yermakov Yu., Yermakova M.A., Salanov A.N., Rudina N.A. Mechanism of porous filamentous carbon granule formation on catalytic hydrocarbon decomposition // Carbon. 1999. Vol. 37. P. 1239–1246. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6223(98)00320-0Kuvshinov G.G., Mogilnykh Yu.L., Kuvshinov D.G., YermakovD.Yu., Yermakova M.A., Salanov A.N., Rudina N.A. Mechanism of porous filamentous carbon granule formation on catalytic hydrocarbon decomposition. Carbon. 1999, vol. 37, pp. 1239–1246. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6223(98)00320-0Крутский Ю.Л., Баннов А.Г., Соколов В.В., Дюкова К.Д., Шинкарев В.В., Ухина А.В., Максимовский Е.А., Пичугин А.Ю., Соловьев Е.А., Крутская Т.М., Кувшинов Г.Г. Синтез высокодисперсного карбида бора из нановолокнистого углерода // Российские нанотехнологии. 2013. Т. 8. № 3-4. С. 43–48.Krutskii Yu.L., Bannov A.G., Sokolov V.V., Dyukova K.D., Shinkarev V.V., Ukhina A.V., Maksimovskii E.A., Pichugin A.Yu., Solov’ev E.A., Krutskaya T.M., Kuvshinov G.G. Synthesis of highly dispersed boron carbide from nanofibrous carbon. Nanotechnologies in Russia. 2013, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 191–198. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995078013020109Крутский Ю.Л., Непочатов Ю.К., Пель А.Н., Сковородин И.Н., Дюкова К.Д., Крутская Т.М., Кучумова И.Д., Матц О.Э., ТюринА.Г., Эмурлаева Ю.Ю., Подрябинкин С.И. Синтез полидисперсного карбида бора и получение керамики на его основе // Журнал прикладной химии. 2019. Т. 92. № 6. С. 719–727. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0044461819060045Krutskii Yu.L., Nepochatov Yu.K., Pel’ A.N., Skovorodin I.N., Dyukova K.D., Krutskaya T.M., Kuchumova I.D., Matts O.E., TyurinA.G., Emurlaeva Yu.Yu., Podryabinkin S.I. Synthesis of polydisperse boron carbide and synthesis of a ceramic on its basis. Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry. 2019, vol. 92, no. 6, pp. 750–758. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1070427219060041Blott S.J., Pye K. GRADISTAT: A grain size distribution and statistics package for the analysis of unconsolidated sediments// Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. 2001. Vol. 26. No. 11. P.1237–1248. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.261Blott S.J., Pye K. GRADISTAT: A grain size distribution and statistics package for the analysis of unconsolidated sediments. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. 2001, vol. 26, no. 11, pp. 1237–1248. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.261Болгар А.С., Турчанин А.Г., Фесенко В.В. Термодинамические свойства карбидов. Киев: Наукова Думка, 1973. 271 с.Bolgar A.S., Turchanin A.G., Fesenko V.V. Thermodynamic Properties of Carbides. Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1973, 271 p. (In Russ.).Berger L.-M., Stolle S., Gruner W., Wetzig K. Investigation of the carbothermal reduction process of chromium oxide by micro and lab-scale methods // International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials. 2001. Vol. 19. No. 2. Р. 109–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-4368(01)00003-8Berger L.-M., Stolle S., Gruner W., Wetzig K. Investigation of the carbothermal reduction process of chromium oxide by micro and lab-scale methods. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials. 2001, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 109–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-4368(01)00003-8Вест А. Химия твердого тела. Теория и приложения. В 2-х ч. Ч.1 / Пер. с англ. М.: Мир, 1988. 558 с.West A.R. Solid State Chemistry and its Applications. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 1984. (Russ. ed.: West A. Khimiya tverdogo tela. Teoriya i prilozheniya. Moscow: Mir, 1988, 558 p.)Сабуров В.П., Черепанов А.Н., Жуков М.Ф., Галевский Г.В., Крушенко Г.Г., Борисов В.Т. Плазмохимический синтез ультрадисперсных порошков и их применение для модифицирования металлов и сплавов. Новосибирск: Наука. Сибирская издательс­ кая фирма РАН, 1995. 384 с.Saburov V.P., Cherepanov A.N., Zhukov M.F., Galevskii G.V., Krushenko G.G., Borisov V.T. Plasma-Chemical Synthesis of Ultrafine Powders and their Use for Metals and Alloys Modification. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1995, 344 p. (In Russ.)Ноздрин И.В., Терентьева М.А., Руднева В.В. Термодинами­ ческий анализ процессов плазменного синтеза диборида хрома// Известия вузов. Черная металлургия. 2012. Т. 55. № 10. С.7–11. https://doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2012-10-7-11Nozdrin I.V., Terent’eva M.A., Rudneva V.V. Thermodynamic analysis of plasma synthesis of chromium diboride. Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy. 2012. vol. 55, no. 10, pp. 7–11. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2012-10-7-11Попович А.А., Рева В.П., Василенко В.Н., Попович Т.А., БелоусО.А. Механохимический метод получения порошков тугоплавких соединений (обзор) // Порошковая Металлургия. 1993. № 2. С. 37–43.Popovich A.A., Reva V.P., Vasilenko V.N., Popovich T.A., BelousO.A. Mechanochemical method for producing powders of refractory compounds (Review). Poroshkovaya metallurgiya. 1993, no. 2, pp. 37–43. (In Russ.).Çamurlu H.E., Maglia F. Preparation of nano-size ZrB2 powder by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis // Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 2009. Vol. 29. P. 1501–1506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2008.09.006Çamurlu H.E., Maglia F. Preparation of nano-size ZrB2 powder by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis. Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 2009, vol. 29, pp. 1501–1506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2008.09.006Wu W.-W., Zhang, G.-J., Sakka Y. Nanocrystalline ZrB2 powders prepared by mechanical alloying // Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies. 2013. Vol. 1. No. 3. P. 304–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jascer.2013.08.002Wu W.-W., Zhang, G.-J., Sakka Y. Nanocrystalline ZrB2 powders prepared by mechanical alloying. Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies. 2013, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 304–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jascer.2013.08.002Guo S., Hu C., Kagava Y. Mechanochemical processing of nanocrystalline zirconium diboride powder // Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 2011. Vol. 94. No. 11. P. 3643–3647. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2011.04825.xGuo S., Hu C., Kagava Y. Mechanochemical processing of nanocrystalline zirconium diboride powder. Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 2011, vol. 94, no. 11, pp. 3643–3647. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2011.04825.xБурлакова А.Г., Кравченко С.Е., Домашнев И.А., ВинокуровА.А., Надхина С.Е., Волкова Л.С., Шилкин С.П. Особенности получения наноразмерных порошков диборида циркония различной дисперсности // Журнал общей химии. 2017. Т. 87. № 5. С. 712–717.Burlakova A.G., Kravchenko S.E., Domashnev I.A., VinokurovA.A., Nadkhina S.E., Volkova L.S., Shilkin S.P. Special features of preparation of nanosized zirconium diboride powders of various dispersity. Russian Journal of General Chemistry. 2017, vol. 87, no.5, pp.906–911.Chen B., Yang L., Heng H., Chen J., Zhang L., Xu L., Qian Y., YangJ. Additive-assisted synthesis of boride, carbide and nitride micro/nanocrystals // Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 2012. Vol.194. P.219–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2012.05.032Chen B., Yang L., Heng H., Chen J., Zhang L., Xu L., Qian Y., YangJ. Additive-assisted synthesis of boride, carbide and nitride micro/nanocrystals. Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 2012, vol.194, pp. 219–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2012.05.032Millet P., Hwang T. Preparation of TiB2 and ZrB2. Influence of a mechano-chemical treatment on the borothermic reduction of titania and zirconia // Journal of Materials Science. 1996. Vol. 31. P. 351–355. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01139151Millet P., Hwang T. Preparation of TiB2 and ZrB2. Influence of a mechano-chemical treatment on the borothermic reduction of titania and zirconia. Journal of Materials Science. 1996, vol. 31, pp.351–355. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01139151Ran S., Van der Biest O., Vleugels J. ZrB2 powders synthesis by borothermal reduction // Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 2010. Vol. 93. No. 6. P. 1586–1590. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.03747.xRan S., Van der Biest O., Vleugels J. ZrB2 powders synthesis by borothermal reduction. Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 2010, vol. 93, no. 6, pp. 1586–1590. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.03747.xGuo W.-M., Zhang G-J. New borothermal reduction route to syhthesize submicrometric ZrB2 powders with low oxygen content// Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 2011. Vol. 94. No. 11. P.3702–3705. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2011.04869.xGuo W.-M., Zhang G-J. New borothermal reduction route to syhthesize submicrometric ZrB2 powders with low oxygen content. Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 2011, vol. 94, no. 11, pp.3702–3705. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2011.04869.xZoli L., Costa A.L., Sciti D. Synthesis of nanosized zirconium diboride powder via oxide-borohydride solid state reaction // Scripta Materialia. 2015. Vol. 109. P. 100–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2015.07.029Zoli L., Costa A.L., Sciti D. Synthesis of nanosized zirconium diboride powder via oxide-borohydride solid state reaction. Scripta Materialia. 2015, vol. 109, pp. 100–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2015.07.029Карасев А.И. Исследование условий получения технического диборида циркония углетермическим восстановлением смесей окислов циркония и бора // Порошковая металлургия. 1973. №11. С. 80–84.Karasev A.I. Investigation of the conditions for obtaining technical zirconium diboride by carbon thermal reduction of mixtures of zirconium and boron oxides. Poroshkovaya metallurgiya. 1973, no. 11, pp. 80–84. (In Russ.).Jung E.-Y., Kim J.-H., Jung S.-H., Choi S.-C. Synthesis of ZrB2 powder by carbothermal and borothermal reduction // Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2012. Vol. 538. P. 164–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.05.076Jung E.-Y., Kim J.-H., Jung S.-H., Choi S.-C. Synthesis of ZrB2 powder by carbothermal and borothermal reduction. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2012, vol. 538, pp. 164–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.05.076Zhang Y., Li R., Jiang Y., Zhao B., Duan H., Li J., Feng Z. Morphology evolution of ZrB2 nanoparticles synthesized by sol-gel method // Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 2011. Vol. 184. No. 8. P.2047–2052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2011.05.040Zhang Y., Li R., Jiang Y., Zhao B., Duan H., Li J., Feng Z. Morphology evolution of ZrB2 nanoparticles synthesized by sol-gel method. Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 2011, vol. 184, no. 8, pp. 2047–2052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2011.05.040Cheng G. An inorganic-organic hybrid precursor strategy for the synthesis of zirconium diboride powders // International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials. 2013. Vol. 36. Р. 149–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2012.08.008Cheng G. An inorganic-organic hybrid precursor strategy for the synthesis of zirconium diboride powders. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials. 2013, vol. 36, pp. 149–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2012.08.008Gocmez H., Tuncer M., Yeniceri Y.S. Low temperature synthesis and pressureless sintering of nanocrystalline zirconium diboride powders // Ceramics International. 2014. Vol. 40. Part A. P. 12117–12122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.04.051Gocmez H., Tuncer M., Yeniceri Y.S. Low temperature synthesis and pressureless sintering of nanocrystalline zirconium diboride powders. Ceramics International. 2014, vol. 40, part A, pp. 12117–12122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.04.051Zhang H., Dong Z., Huang Q., Li Y., Zhang X., Yuan G., LiX. Preparation of zirconium diboride powders by co-pyrolysis of a zirconium-containing organic precursor and polyborazine using a solution based method // Ceramics International. 2014. Vol.40. No.9. Part B. P. 15207–15214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.07.002Zhang H., Dong Z., Huang Q., Li Y., Zhang X., Yuan G., Li X. Preparation of zirconium diboride powders by co-pyrolysis of a zirconium-containing organic precursor and polyborazine using a so-lution based method. Ceramics International. 2014, vol. 40, no. 9, partB, pp. 15207–15214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.07.002Ji H., Yang M., Li M., Ji G., Fan H., Sun X. Low-temperature synthesis of ZrB2 nano-powders using a sorbitol modified sol-gel processing route // Advanced Powder Technology. 2014. Vol. 25. No. 3. P. 910–915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2014.01.005Ji H., Yang M., Li M., Ji G., Fan H., Sun X. Low-temperature synthesis of ZrB2 nano-powders using a sorbitol modified sol-gel processing route. Advanced Powder Technology. 2014, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 910–915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2014.01.005Patra N., Nasiri N.A., Jayaseelan D.D., Lee W.E. Synthesis, characterization and use of synthesized fine zirconium diboride as an additive for densification of commercial zirconium diboride powder// Ceramics International. 2016. Vol. 42. No. 8. P. 9565– 9570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.03.037Patra N., Nasiri N.A., Jayaseelan D.D., Lee W.E. Synthesis, characterization and use of synthesized fine zirconium diboride as an additive for densification of commercial zirconium diboride powder. Ceramics International. 2016, vol. 42, no. 8, pp. 9565– 9570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.03.037Khanra A.K., Pathak L.C., Mishra S.K., Godkhindi M.M. Selfpropagating-high-temperature synthesis (SHS) of ultrafine ZrB2 powder // Journal of Materials Science Letters. 2003. Vol. 22. P.1189–1191. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025336230885Khanra A.K., Pathak L.C., Mishra S.K., Godkhindi M.M. Self-propagating-high-temperature synthesis (SHS) of ultrafine ZrB2 powder. Journal of Materials Science Letters. 2003, vol. 22, pp. 1189–1191. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025336230885Setoudeh N., Welham N.J. Formation of zirconium diboride (ZrB2) by room temperature mechanochemical reaction between ZrO2 , B2O3 and Mg // Journal of Allows and Compounds. 2006. Vol. 420. No. 1-2. P. 225–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2005.07.083Setoudeh N., Welham N.J. Formation of zirconium diboride (ZrB2) by room temperature mechanochemical reaction between ZrO2 , B2O3 and Mg. Journal of Allows and Compounds. 2006, vol. 420, no. 1-2, pp. 225–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2005.07.083Khanra A.K. Reaction chemistry during self-propagating hightemperature synthesis (SHS) of H3 BO3 –ZrO2 –Mg system // Materials Research Bulletin. 2007. Vol. 42. No. 12. P. 2224–2229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2007.01.016Khanra A.K. Reaction chemistry during self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) of H3 BO3ZrO2Mg system. Materials Research Bulletin. 2007, vol. 42, no. 12, pp. 2224–2229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2007.01.016Akgün B., Çamurlu H.E., Topkaya Y., Sevinç N. Mechanochemical and volume combustion synthesis of ZrB2 // International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials. 2011. Vol. 29. No. 5. Р.601–607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2011.04.005Akgün B., Çamurlu H.E., Topkaya Y., Sevinç N. Mechanochemical and volume combustion synthesis of ZrB2 . International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials. 2011, vol. 29, no. 5, pp.601–607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2011.04.005Jalaly M., Bafghi M.Sh., Tamizifar M., Gotor E.J. An investigation on the formation mechanism of nano ZrB2 powder by a magnesiothermic reaction // Journal of Allows and Compounds. 2014. Vol. 588. P.36–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.11.050Jalaly M., Bafghi M.Sh., Tamizifar M., Gotor E.J. An investigation on the formation mechanism of nano ZrB2 powder by a magnesiothermic reaction. Journal of Allows and Compounds. 2014, vol. 588, pp. 36–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.11.050Khanra A.K., Pathak L.C., Godkhindi M.M. Double SHS of ZrB2 powder // Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 2008. Vol.202. No. 1-3. P. 386–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.09.007Khanra A.K., Pathak L.C., Godkhindi M.M. Double SHS of ZrB2 powder. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 2008, vol.202, no.1-3, pp. 386–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.09.007Cordova S., Shafirovich E. Toward a better conversion in magnesiothermic SHS of zirconium diboride // Journal of Materials Science. 2018. Vol. 53. P. 13600–13606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-2460-8Cordova S., Shafirovich E. Toward a better conversion in magnesiothermic SHS of zirconium diboride. Journal of Materials Science. 2018, vol. 53, pp. 13600–13606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-2460-8Fang Z., Fu Z., Wang H., Wang W., Zhang Q. Preparation of ZrB2 ceramics by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis and hot pressing sintering // Journal of Wuhan University of Technology – Materials Science Edition. 2005. Vol. 20. No. 4. P. 87–89. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02841291Fang Z., Fu Z., Wang H., Wang W., Zhang Q. Preparation of ZrB2 ceramics by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis and hot pressing sintering. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology Materials Science Edition. 2005, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 87–89. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02841291Velashjerdi M., Sarpoolaky H., Mirhabibi A. Novel synthesis of ZrB2 powder by low temperature direct molten salt reaction // Ceramics International. 2015. Vol. 41. No. 10. Part A. P. 12554–12559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.06.068Velashjerdi M., Sarpoolaky H., Mirhabibi A. Novel synthesis of ZrB2 powder by low temperature direct molten salt reaction. Ceramics International. 2015, vol. 41, no. 10, part A, pp. 12554–12559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.06.068Guo W.-M., Zhang G.-J. Reaction processes and characterization of ZrB2 powder prepared by boro/carbothermal reduction of ZrO2 in vacuum // Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 2009. Vol. 92. No. 1. P. 264–267. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02836.xGuo W.-M., Zhang G.-J. Reaction processes and characterization of ZrB2 powder prepared by boro/carbothermal reduction of ZrO2 in vacuum. Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 2009, vol. 92, no. 1, pp. 264–267. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02836.xSonber J.K., Murthi T.S.R.Ch., Subramanian C., Kumar S., Fotedar R.K., Suri A.K. Investigations on synthesis of ZrB2 and development of new composites with HfB2 and TiSi2 // International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials. 2011. Vol. 29. No.1. Р. 21–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJRMHM.2010.06.007Sonber J.K., Murthi T.S.R.Ch., Subramanian C., Kumar S., FotedarR.K., Suri A.K. Investigations on synthesis of ZrB2 and development of new composites with HfB2 and TiSi2 . International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials. 2011, vol. 29, no.1, pp.21–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJRMHM.2010.06.007Qiu H.-Y., Guo W.-M., Zou J., Zhang G.-J. ZrB2 powders prepared by boro/carbothermal reduction of ZrO2 : The effect of carbon source and reaction atmosphere // Powder Technology. 2012. Vol. 217. P.462–466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2011.11.002Qiu H.-Y., Guo W.-M., Zou J., Zhang G.-J. ZrB2 powders prepared by boro/carbothermal reduction of ZrO2: The effect of carbon source and reaction atmosphere. Powder Technology. 2012, vol. 217, pp.462–466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2011.11.002Крутский Ю.Л., Максимовский Е.А., Попов М.В., НецкинаО.В., Крутская Т.М., Черкасова Н.Ю., Квашина Т.С., ДробязЕ.А. Синтез высокодисперсного диборида циркония для изготовления керамики специального назначения // Журнал прикладной химии. 2017. Т. 90. № 10. С. 1295–1302.Krutskii Yu.L., Maksimovskii E.A., Popov M.V., Netskina O.V., Krutskaya T.M., Cherkasova N.Yu., Kvashina T.S., Drobyaz E.A. Synthesis of highly dispersed zirconium diboride for fabrication of special-purpose ceramic. Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry. 2017, vol. 90, no. 10, pp. 1579–1585. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1070427217100044Bai L., Jin H., Lu C., Yuan F., Huang S., Li J. RF thermal plasmaassisted metallothermic synthesis of ultrafine ZrB2 powders // Ceramics International. 2015. Vol. 41. No. 6. P. 7312–7317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.02.024Bai L., Jin H., Lu C., Yuan F., Huang S., Li J. RF thermal plasmaassisted metallothermic synthesis of ultrafine ZrB2 powders. Ceramics International. 2015, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 7312–7317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.02.024

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.