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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2021-4-259-265</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-2100</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATERIAL SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Структура и свойства поверхностного слоя стали 40Х, подвергнутой электромеханической обработке с динамическим силовым воздействием</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Surface layer of 40Kh steel after electromechanical treatment with dynamic force impact</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1502-7025</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дудкина</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dudkina</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Геннадьевна Дудкина, к.т.н., доцент кафедры «Детали машин и подъемно-транспортные устройства»</p><p>400005, Волгоград, просп. им. Ленина, 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natal’ya G. Dudkina, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Prof. of the Chair “Machine Parts and Lifting-Transport Machines”</p><p>28 Lenina Ave., Volgograd 400005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">4dng@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6787-6689</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Арисова</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Arisova</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вера Николаевна Арисова, к.т.н., доцент кафедры «Материаловедение и композиционные материалы»</p><p>400005, Волгоград, просп. им. Ленина, 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vera N. Arisova, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Prof. of the Chair “Materials Science and Composite Materials”</p><p>28 Lenina Ave., Volgograd 400005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Arisova1954@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Волгоградский государственный технический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Volgograd State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>64</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>259</fpage><lpage>265</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дудкина Н.Г., Арисова В.Н., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дудкина Н.Г., Арисова В.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dudkina N.G., Arisova V.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2100">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2100</self-uri><abstract><p>Приведены результаты комплексных исследований специфических особенностей структуры, микротвердости и глубины упрочненного поверхностного слоя стали 40Х, сформированного в результате электромеханической обработки с динамическим приложением деформирующего усилия (ЭМО с ударом). Исследования проведены методами оптической микроскопии, рентгеноструктурного анализа, определена микротвердость. Способ электромеханической обработки с динамическим силовым воздействием заключался в одновременном пропускании через зону контакта инструмента с деталью импульсов электрического тока и деформирующего усилия. В результате ударно-термического воздействия и тока плотностью 100, 300 и 600 А/мм2 на поверхности стали в поперечном сечении формируются сегменты закаленного слоя разных размеров и с разным составом структур. Анализ структурных и фазовых превращений в поверхностном слое стали 40Х, подвергнутой динамической электромеханической обработке, свидетельствует о формировании специфической структуры белого слоя. Структура и свойства этого слоя близки к аморфному состоянию металла с максимальной твердостью HV 8,0 – 8,5 ГПа. По мере удаления от поверхности (за белым слоем) формируется переходная зона со структурой, не имеющей характерного для мартенсита игольчатого строения. Установлено, что с повышением плотности тока в ходе ударной электромеханической обработки увеличивается глубина упрочнения в 4 – 5 раз и одновременно повышается неоднородность прочностных свойств, микронапряжения увеличиваются на 25 %. Электромеханическое упрочнение с динамическим (ударным) приложением деформирующего усилия вызывает более глубокие превращения в структуре стали по сравнению с традиционной статической электромеханической обработкой с динамическим приложением деформирующего усилия. При электромеханической обработке с ударом увеличивается интенсивность температурно-силового воздействия на поверхностный слой стали, что позволяет управлять процессом формирования структуры и фазовых состояний стали 40Х.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper presents the results of complex studies of the structure, microhardness and depth of the hardened surface layer of 40Kh steel formed as a result of electromechanical treatment with dynamic application of a deforming force (EMT with impact). The research was carried out using optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and microhardness methods. The method of electromechanical treatment with dynamic force impact consisted in simultaneous transmission of electric current pulses and deforming force through the contact zone of the tool with the part. As a result of shock-thermal effects with different current densities (j = 100 A/mm2; 300 A/mm2; 600 A/mm2), segments of the hardened layer of different sizes and structure composition are formed on the steel surface in cross-section. Analysis of structural and phase transformations in the surface layer of 40Kh steel subjected to dynamic electromechanical treatment indicates the formation of a specific structure of the white layer, the structure and properties close to the amorphous state of the metal with a maximum hardness HV = 8.0 – 8.5 GPa. As you move away from the surface, a transition zone is formed behind the segment of the white layer with a structure that does not have the characteristic needle structure of martensite. It was found that with an increase in the current density during shock electromechanical treatment, the depth of hardening increases by 4 – 5 times with a simultaneous increase in the heterogeneity of strength properties; the level of micro-stresses increases by 25 %. Experimental data on the structural state, microhardness and depth of the surface layer of 40Kh steel show that electromechanical treatment with dynamic (shock) application of the deforming force causes deeper transformations in the steel structure compared to traditional static EMT. The results obtained show that as a result of electro-mechanical processing with impact, the intensity of the temperature-force effect on the steel surface layer increases, which allows you to open the internal reserves of 40Kh steel and control the process of forming its structure and phase states.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>электромеханическая обработка с ударом</kwd><kwd>плотность тока</kwd><kwd>сталь</kwd><kwd>структура</kwd><kwd>микротвердость</kwd><kwd>глубина упрочнения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>electromechanical treatment with impact</kwd><kwd>current density</kwd><kwd>steel</kwd><kwd>structure</kwd><kwd>microhardness</kwd><kwd>hardening depth</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Babei Yu.I. 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