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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2021-2-149-164</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-2059</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ МЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICO-CHEMICAL BASICS OF METALLURGICAL PROCESSES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Дибориды некоторых переходных металлов: свойства, области применения и методы получения. Часть 1. Дибориды титана и ванадия (обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diborides of transition metals: Properties, application and production. Review. Part 1. Titanium and vanadium diborides</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2524-4143</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крутский</surname><given-names>Ю. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krutskii</surname><given-names>Yu. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юрий Леонидович Крутский, к.т.н., доцент кафедры химии и химической технологии</p><p>630073, Новосибирск, пр. Карла Маркса, 20</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yurii L. Krutskii, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Prof. of the Chair “Chemistry and Chemical Technology”</p><p>20 K. Marksa ave., Novosibirsk 630073</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">krutskii@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5603-7852</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черкасова</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cherkasova</surname><given-names>N. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нина Юрьевна Черкасова, к.т.н., младший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательской лаборатории физико-химических технологий и функциональных материалов</p><p>630073, Новосибирск, пр. Карла Маркса, 20</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nina Yu. Cherkasova, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Junior Researcher of the Laboratory of Physicochemical Technologies and Functional Materials</p><p>20 K. Marksa ave., Novosibirsk 630073</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ninacherkasova60@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гудыма</surname><given-names>Т. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gudyma</surname><given-names>T. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Сергеевна Гудыма, аспирант кафедры химии и химической технологии</p><p>630073, Новосибирск, пр. Карла Маркса, 20</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tat’yana S. Gudyma, Postgraduate of the Chair “Chemistry and Chemical Technology”</p><p>20 K. Marksa ave., Novosibirsk 630073</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gudymatan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2323-7372</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нецкина</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Netskina</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Владимировна Нецкина, к.х.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории исследования гидридных соединений, Институт катализа им. Г.К. Борескова СО РАН, старший преподаватель кафедры физической химии, Новосибирский государственный университет</p><p>630090, Новосибирск, пр. Академика Лаврентьева, 5630090, Новосибирск, ул. Пирогова, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ol’ga V. Netskina, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Senior Researcher of the Laboratory of Hydride Investigation, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Senior Lecturer of the Chair “Physical Chemistry”, Novosibirsk State University</p><p>5 Lavrent’eva ave., Novosibirsk 6300902 Pirogova str., Novosibirsk 630090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">netskina@catalysis.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8003-4523</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крутская</surname><given-names>Т. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krutskaya</surname><given-names>T. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Михайловна Крутская, к.х.н., доцент кафедры физики и химии</p><p>630008, Новосибирск, ул. Ленинградская, 113</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tat’yana M. Krutskaya, Cand. Sci. (Chem.), Assist. Prof. of the Chair of Physics and Chemistry</p><p>113 Leningradskaya str., Novosibirsk 630008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">t.krutskaya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Новосибирский государственный технический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Novosibirsk State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт катализа им. Г.К. Борескова СО РАН; Новосибирский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS; Novosibirsk State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Новосибирский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет (НГАСУ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>64</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>149</fpage><lpage>164</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Крутский Ю.Л., Черкасова Н.Ю., Гудыма Т.С., Нецкина О.В., Крутская Т.М., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Крутский Ю.Л., Черкасова Н.Ю., Гудыма Т.С., Нецкина О.В., Крутская Т.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Krutskii Y.L., Cherkasova N.Y., Gudyma T.S., Netskina O.V., Krutskaya T.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2059">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2059</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассмотрены свойства, области применения и методы получения диборидов титана и ванадия. Эти дибориды относятся к бескислородным тугоплавким металлоподобным соединениям. Вследствие этого они характеризуются высокими значениями тепло- и электропроводности. Твердость их сравнительно велика. Дибориды титана и ванадия проявляют значительную химическую стойкость в агрессивных средах. По этим причинам эти дибориды нашли применение в современной технике. Так они используются в качестве наплавочных материалов при нанесении износостойких покрытий на стальные изделия. Также возможно использование диборида ванадия в качестве катализатора в органическом синтезе и анода в возобновляемых электрохимических источниках тока. Перспективной является керамика B4C – TiB2 и B4C – VB2, позволяющая получать изделия на основе карбида бора с высокими эксплуатационными характеристиками, в частности с повышенной трещиностойкостью. Такую композитную керамику получают способами горячего прессования, электроискрового плазменного спекания и безнапорного спекания. Свойства тугоплавких соединений зависят от содержания примесей и дисперсности. Для решения конкретной задачи, связанной с применением тугоплавких соединений, важно правильно выбрать метод их получения, определить допустимое содержание примесей в исходных компонентах. Это обусловливает наличие разных методов синтеза боридов. Основными методами их получения являются: синтез из простых веществ (металлы и бор); боротермическое восстановление оксидов; карботермическое восстановление (восстановление смесей оксидов металлов и бора углеродом; металлотермическое восстановление смесей оксидов металлов и бора; карбидоборное восстановление. Также для получения нанопорошков диборидов применяется плазмохимический синтез (осаждение из парогазовой фазы). Дана характеристика каждому из этих методов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The properties, applications and methods for producing titanium and vanadium diborides are considered. These diborides are oxygen-free refractory metal-like compounds. As a result, they are characterized by high values of thermal and electrical conductivity. Their hardness is relatively high. Titanium and vanadium diborides exhibit significant chemical resistance in aggressive environments. For these reasons, they have found application in modern technics. So, they are used as surfacing materials when applying wear-resistant coatings on steel products. It is also possible to use vanadium diboride as a catalyst in organic synthesis and the anode in renewable electrochemical current sources. Perspective are ceramics B4C – TiB2 and B4C – VB2 , which make it possible to obtain products based on boron carbide with high-quality performance characteristics, in particular, with increased crack resistance. Such composite ceramics are obtained by means of hot pressing, spark plasma sintering and pressureless sintering. The properties of refractory compounds depend on the content of impurities and dispersion. Therefore, to solve a specific problem associated with the use of refractory compounds, it is important to choose the method of their preparation correctly, to determine the admissible content of impurities in the starting components. This leads to the presence of different methods for the synthesis of borides. The main methods for their preparation are: synthesis from simple substances (metals and boron); borothermal reduction of oxides; carbothermal reduction (reduction of mixtures of metal oxides and boron with carbon; metallothermal reduction of mixtures of metal oxides and boron; carbide-boron reduction. Plasma-chemical synthesis (deposition from the vapor-gas phase) is also used to obtain diboride nanopowders. Each of these methods is characterized in the article.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>диборид титана</kwd><kwd>диборид ванадия</kwd><kwd>тугоплавкие бескислородные соединения</kwd><kwd>керамика</kwd><kwd>свойства</kwd><kwd>области применения</kwd><kwd>методы получения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>titanium diboride</kwd><kwd>vanadium diboride</kwd><kwd>refractory oxygen-free compounds</kwd><kwd>ceramics</kwd><kwd>properties</kwd><kwd>applications</kwd><kwd>production methods</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в соответствии с госзаданием Минобрнауки (код FSUN-2020-0008).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was performed in accordance with the state task of the Ministry of Education and Science (code FSUN-2020-0008).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Диаграммы состояния двойных металлических систем. 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