<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2020-11-12-878-882</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-2008</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METALLURGICAL TECHNOLOGIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ возможных путей снижения содержания серы в чугуне</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Analysis of possible ways to reduce sulfur content in pig iron</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мясоедов</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Myasoedov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>начальник доменного цеха № 1</p><p>398040, Россия, Липецк, пл. Металлургов, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Blast Furnace Shop No. 1</p><p>Lipetsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">myasoedov_sv@nlmk.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филатов</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filatov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.т.н., управляющий директор</p><p>398040, Россия, Липецк, пл. Металлургов, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Managing Director</p><p>Lipetsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">filatov_sv@nlmk.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пантелеев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panteleev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры «Металлургия железа и сплавов»</p><p>620002, Россия, Свердловская обл., Екатеринбург, ул. Мира, 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate of the Chair “Metallurgy of Iron and Alloys”</p><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vpanteleev@urfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Листопадов</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Listopadov</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>директор дирекции по аглодоменному производству</p><p>398040, Россия, Липецк, пл. Металлургов, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Director of Sintering and Blast Furnace Production Directorate</p><p>Lipetsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">listopadov_vs@nlmk.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Загайнов</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zagainov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.т.н., профессор кафедры «Металлургия железа и сплавов»</p><p>620002, Россия, Свердловская обл., Екатеринбург, ул. Мира, 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor of the Chair of “Metallurgy of Iron and Alloys”</p><p>Ekaterinburg</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zagainovski@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ПАО «Новолипецкий металлургический комбинат»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>JSC “Novolipetsk Metallurgical Plant”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>63</volume><issue>11-12</issue><fpage>878</fpage><lpage>882</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мясоедов С.В., Филатов С.В., Пантелеев В.В., Листопадов В.С., Загайнов С.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мясоедов С.В., Филатов С.В., Пантелеев В.В., Листопадов В.С., Загайнов С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Myasoedov S.V., Filatov S.V., Panteleev V.V., Listopadov V.S., Zagainov S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2008">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2008</self-uri><abstract><p>Одним из путей повышения энергоэффективности и интенсивности доменной плавки, особенно при использовании пылеугольного топлива, является увеличение горячей прочности кокса. В условиях ПАО «Новолипецкий металлургический комбинат» (НЛМК) для повышения качества кокса в угольную шихту вводили нефтяную добавку. При этом содержание серы в коксе возрастает, а, следовательно, повышается содержание серы в чугуне. В связи с этим задача поиска путей улучшения десульфурации чугуна в доменной печи становится актуальной. Основными факторами, определяющими десульфурацию чугуна, являются основность шлака, содержание в нем оксида MgO, температура продуктов плавки, вязкость шлака. Целью настоящей работы является сопоставление эффективности удаления серы путем повышения основности шлака и содержания оксида MgO. На основе известных уравнений разработан алгоритм, позволяющий решить поставленную задачу. Установлено, что повышение содержания оксида MgO в шлаке в большей степени способствует десульфурации чугуна, чем повышение основности. Кроме того, повышение содержания оксида MgO на 1 % сопровождается увеличением выхода шлака на 3,0 – 3,5 кг/т чугуна. В то же время повышение основности на 0,01 приводит к увеличению выхода шлака на 4 – 5 кг/т чугуна. Следовательно, снижение содержания серы в чугуне путем повышения основности шлака требует меньших затрат тепла. В пересчете на удельный расход кокса различие в потребности тепла составляет 0,4 – 0,5 кг/т чугуна. Показано, что при повышении содержания оксида MgO в шлаке вязкость шлака при температуре 1450 °С возрастает в меньшей степени, чем при повышении основности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>One of the ways to increase the energy efficiency and intensity of blast furnace smelting, especially when using pulverized coal fuel, is to increase the hot strength of coke. In the conditions of OJSC NLMK, an oil additive was introduced into the coal charge to improve the coke quality. At the same time, sulfur content in the coke increases, and, consequently, sulfur content in the cast iron increases as well. In this regard, the task of finding ways to improve the desulfurization of cast iron in blast furnace becomes urgent. The main factors determining the desulfurization of cast iron are slag basicity, content of MgO oxide in it, temperature of the smelting products, and the slag viscosity. The purpose of this work was to compare the efficiency of sulfur removal by increasing the slag basicity and MgO content. On the basis of wellknown equations, an algorithm was developed that allows the problem to be solved. It was established that an increase in MgO content in the slag promotes desulfurization of cast iron to a greater extent than a basicity increase. In addition, an increase in MgO content by 1 % is accompanied by an increase in slag yield by 3.0 – 3.5 kg/t of cast iron. At the same time, an increase in basicity by 0.01 leads to an increase in the slag yield by 4 – 5 kg/t of pig iron. Consequently, reducing the sulfur content in pig iron by increasing the slag basicity requires less heat. In terms of the specific consumption of coke, difference in heat demand is 0.4 – 0.5 kg/t of pig iron. It is shown that with an increase in MgO content in the slag, the slag viscosity at a temperature of 1450 °C increases to a lesser extent than with an increase in basicity.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>производство чугуна</kwd><kwd>качество кокса</kwd><kwd>десульфурация чугуна</kwd><kwd>вязкость шлака</kwd><kwd>состав шлака</kwd><kwd>коэффициент распределения серы</kwd><kwd>содержание серы в чугуне</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pig iron production</kwd><kwd>coke quality</kwd><kwd>pig iron desulfurization</kwd><kwd>slag viscosity</kwd><kwd>slag composition</kwd><kwd>sulfur distribution coefficient</kwd><kwd>sulfur content in pig iron</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ishikawa Y., Kase M., Abe Y., Ono K., Sugata M., Nishi T. Influence of post reaction strength of coke on blast furnace operation // Proceedings – Ironmaking Conference. 1983. Vol. 42. P. 357 – 368.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ishikawa Y., Kase M., Abe Y., Ono K., Sugata M., Nishi T. Influence of post reaction strength of coke on blast furnace operation. Proceedings – Ironmaking Conference. 1983, vol. 42, pp. 357–368.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bertling H. Coal and coke for blast furnaces // ISIJ International. 1999. Vol. 39. No. 7. P. 617 – 624.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bertling H. Coal and coke for blast furnaces. ISIJ International. 1999, vol. 39, no. 7, pp. 617–624.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chatterjee A., Prasad H.N. Possibilities of tar addition to coal as a method for improving coke strength // Fuel. 1983. Vol. 62. No. 5. P. 591 – 600.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chatterjee A., Prasad H.N. Possibilities of tar addition to coal as a method for improving coke strength. Fuel. 1983, vol. 62, no. 5, pp. 591–600.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gonzalez-Cimas M.J., Patrick J.W., Walker A. Influence of pitch additions on coal carbonization: Coke strength and structural properties // Fuel. 1987. Vol. 66. No. 8. P. 1019 – 1023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gonzalez-Cimas M.J., Patrick J.W., Walker A. Influence of pitch additions on coal carbonization: Coke strength and structural properties. Fuel. 1987, vol. 66, no. 8, pp. 1019–1023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liziero Ruggio da Silva G., Souza R., Belchior Reis T., Ladeira Lima I., Quintas A., Amorim L., Andretti Sabino Mota M., Brasil Dias Haneiko N. Influence of coal tar addition on coke quality // AISTech Conference Proceedings. 2018. P. 173 – 184.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liziero Ruggio da Silva G., Souza R., Belchior Reis T., Ladeira Lima I., Quintas A., Amorim L., Andretti Sabino Mota M., Brasil Dias Haneiko N. Influence of coal tar addition on coke quality. AISTech Conference Proceedings. 2018, pp. 173–184.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Geerdes M., Chaigneau R., Kurunov I., Lingiardi O., Ricketts J. Modern Blast Furnace Ironmaking. 3rd ed. IOS Press, 2015. – 228 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Geerdes M., Chaigneau R., Kurunov I., Lingiardi O., Ricketts J. Modern Blast Furnace Ironmaking. 3rd ed. IOS Press, 2015, 228 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharma R., Tiwari H., Banerjee P. Producing high coke strength after reactivity in stamp charged coke making // Coke and Chemistry. 2014. Vol. 57. No. 9. P. 351 – 358.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharma R., Tiwari H., Banerjee P. Producing high coke strength after reactivity in stamp charged coke making. Coke and Chemistry. 2014, vol. 57, no. 9, pp. 351–358.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Стуков М.И., Мамаев М.В., Чернавин А.Ю. и др. Новый кокс для металлургии // Черная металлургия. Бюл. ин-та «Черметинформация». 2012. № 5 (1349). C. 35 – 37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stukov M.I., Mamaev M.V., Chernavin A.Yu. etc. New coke for metallurgy. Chernaya Metallurgiya. Byul. in-ta “Chermetinformatsiya”. 2012, no. 5 (1349), pp. 35–37. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вегман Е.Ф. Доменное производство. Справочное издание. В 2-х т. Т. 1. Подготовка руд и доменный процесс. – М.: Металлургия, 1989. – 496 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vegman E.F. Domennoe proizvodstvo: Spravochnoe izdanie. V 2-kh t. T. 1. Podgotovka rud i domennyi protsess [Blast-Furnace Production: Reference Book. In 2 vols. Vol. 1. Preparation of Ores and Blast Furnace Process]. Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1989, 496 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Товаровский И.Г., Севернюк В.В., Лялюк В.П. Анализ показателей и процессов доменной плавки. – Днепропетровск: Пороги, 2000. – 420 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tovarovskii I.G., Severnyuk V.V., Lyalyuk V.P. Analiz pokazatelei i protsessov domennoi plavki [Analysis of Indicators and Processes of Blast-Furnace Smelting]. Dnepropetrovsk: Porogi, 2000, 420 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Товаровский И.Г., Можаренко Н.М., Белецкий В.А. и др. Условия выплавки низкокремнистого чугуна с низким содержанием серы // Сталь. 1992. № 10. C. 5 – 8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tovarovskij I.G. Melting conditions of low silicon pig iron with low sulphur content. Stal’. 1992, no. 10, pp. 5–8. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Скачко А.С., Тогобицкая Д.Н., Белькова А.И. Влияние состава шихты на коэффициенты распределения элементов между продуктами доменной плавки // Металлургические процессы и оборудование. 2013. № 4 (34). C. 8 – 15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skachko A.S., Togobitskaya D.N., Bel’kova A.I. Influence of charge composition on coefficients of elements distribution between products of blast furnace smelting. Metallurgicheskie protsessy i oborudovanie. 2013, no. 4 (34), pp. 8–15. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Довгалюк Б.П., Щербицкий Б.В., Ярошенко Н.М. и др. Повышение качества чугуна за счет стабилизации состава шлака // Металлургическая и горнорудная промышленность. 1978. № 3. C. 3, 4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dovgalyuk B.P., Shcherbitskii B.V., Yaroshenko N.M. etc. Improving pig iron quality by slag composition stabilizing. Metallurgicheskaya i gornorudnaya promyshlennost’. 1978, no. 3, pp. 3, 4. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дружков В.Г., Прохоров И.Е. Выбор режима выпуска чугуна и шлака из горна доменных печей в современных условиях // Вестник Магнитогорского государственного технического университета им. Г.И. Носова. 2011. № 4 (36). C. 9 – 12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Druzhkov V.G., Prokhorov I.E. Selection of the iron and slag tapping mode from hearth of blast furnaces in modern conditions. Vestnik Magnitogorskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta im. G.I. Nosova. 2011, no. 4 (36), pp. 9–12. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шаповалов А.Н., Дружков В.Г. Повышение эффективности десульфурации чугуна. – Магнитогорск: изд. Магнитогорского гос. техн. ун-та им. Г.Н. Носова, 2011. – 148 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shapovalov A.N., Druzhkov V.G. Povyshenie effektivnosti desul’furatsii chuguna [Improvement of the Efficiency of Pig Iron Desulfurization]. Magnitogorsk: MGTU im. G.N. Nosova, 2011, 148 р. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Babich A., Senk D., Gudenau H.W., Mavrommatis K.Th. Ironmaking. Aachen: Institut für Eisenhüttenkunde der RWTH, 2008. – 402 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Babich A., Senk D., Gudenau H.W., Mavrommatis K.Th. Ironmaking. Aachen: Institut für Eisenhüttenkunde der RWTH, 2008, 402 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andersson A.J., Andersson A.M.T., Jönsson P.G. A study of some elemental distributions between slag and hot metal during tapping of the blast furnace // Steel Research Int. 2004. Vol. 75. No. 5. P. 294 – 301.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andersson A.J., Andersson A.M.T., Jönsson P.G. A study of some elemental distributions between slag and hot metal during tapping of the blast furnace. Steel Research Int. 2004, vol. 75, no. 5, pp. 294–301.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hatch G.G., Chipman J. Sulphur equilibria between iron blast furnace and metal // The Journal of the Minerals, Metals &amp; Materials Society. 1949. Vol. 1. Р. 274 – 284.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hatch G.G., Chipman J. Sulphur equilibria between iron blast furnace and metal. The Journal of the Minerals, Metals &amp; Materials Society. 1949, vol. 1, pp. 274–284.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Loginov V.I., Berin A.L., Lebed’ P.K. etc. Effect of magnesia on desulfurizing power of blast-furnace slags // Metallurgist. 1976. Vol. 20. No. 5. P. 315 – 317.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Loginov V.I., Berin A.L., Lebed’ P.K. etc. Effect of magnesia on desulfurizing power of blast-furnace slags. Metallurgist. 1976, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 315–317.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pehlke R.D., Fuwa T. Control of sulphur in liquid iron and steel // Int. Metals Reviews. 1985. Vol. 30. No. 1. P. 125 – 140.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pehlke R.D., Fuwa T. Control of sulphur in liquid iron and steel. International Metals Reviews. 1985, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 125–140.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zuo H.B., Wang C., Xu C.F., Zhang J.L., Zhang T. Effects of MnO on slag viscosity and wetting behaviour between slag and refractory // Ironmaking &amp; Steelmaking. 2016. Vol. 43. No. 1. P. 56 – 63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zuo H.B., Wang C., Xu C.F., Zhang J.L., Zhang T. Effects of MnO on slag viscosity and wetting behaviour between slag and refractory. Ironmaking &amp; Steelmaking. 2016, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 56–63.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Choi J.Y., Kim D.J., Lee H.G. Reaction kinetics of desulfurization of molten pig iron using CaO – SiO2 – Al2O3 – Na2O slag systems // ISIJ International. 2001. Vol. 41. No. 3. P. 216 – 224.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Choi J.Y., Kim D.J., Lee H.G. Reaction kinetics of desulfurization of molten pig iron using CaO–SiO2–Al2O3–Na2O slag systems. ISIJ International. 2001, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 216–224.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Информационные системы в металлургии / Н.А. Спирин, Ю.В. Ипатов, В.Н. Лобанов и др. – Екатеринбург: изд. УГТУ – УПИ, 2001. – 617 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spirin N.A., Ipatov Yu.V., Lobanov V.N. etc. Informatsionnye sistemy v metallurgii [Information Systems in Metallurgy]. Ekaterinburg: izd. UGTU – UPI, 2001, 617 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Компьютерные методы моделирования доменного процесса / О.П. Онорин, Н.А. Спирин, В.Л. Терентьев и др. – Екатеринбург: изд. УГТУ – УПИ, 2005. – 301 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Onorin O.P., Spirin N.A., Terent’ev V.L. etc. Komp’yuternye metody modelirovaniya domennogo protsessa [Computer Modeling of Blast Furnace Process]. Ekaterinburg: izd. UGTU – UPI, 2005, 301 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Митропольский А.К. Техника статистических вычислений. Изд. 2-е. – М.: Наука, 1971. – 568 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mitropol’skii A.K. Tekhnika statisticheskikh vychislenii. Izd. 2-e [Technique of Statistical Calculations. 2nd ed.]. Moscow: Nauka, 1971, 568 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Листопадов В.С., Тогобицкая Д.Н., Муравьева И.Г. и др. Стабилизация шлакового режима доменной плавки в условиях работы ДП № 9 ОАО «АРСЕЛОРМИТТАЛ КРИВОЙ РОГ» на многокомпонентной шихте // Черная металлургия. Бюл. ин-та «Черметинформация». 2008. № 8 (1304). C. 14 – 20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Listopadov V.S., Togobitskaya D.N., Murav’eva I.G. etc. Stabilization of slag mode of blast-furnace smelting in the operating conditions of BF No. 9 of JSC “ARSELORMITTAL KRIVOY ROG” on a multicomponent charge. Chernaya Metallurgiya. Byul. in-ta “Chermetinformatsiya”. 2008, no. 8 (1304), pp. 14–20. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eyring H., Yenderson D., Ree T. Thermodynamic and transport properties of liquids // Progress in Int. Research on Thermodynamic and Transport Properties. 1962. P. 340 – 351.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eyring H., Yenderson D., Ree T. Thermodynamic and transport properties of liquids. Progress in Int. Research on Thermodynamic and Transport Properties. 1962, pp. 340–351.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roberto de Oliveira J., Cristo Clem de Oliveira H., Gambarine Soares S. etc. Comparative study of hot metal desulfurization mixtures // AISTech Proceedings. 2018. P. 1034 – 1042.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roberto de Oliveira J., Cristo Clem de Oliveira H., Gambarine Soares S. etc. Comparative study of hot metal desulfurization mixtures. AISTech Proceedings. 2018, pp. 1034–1042.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Изюмский Н.Н., Гордон Я.М., Третяк А.А. Математическая модель и система стабилизации шлакового режима работы домен- ной печи // Черная Металлургия. Бюл. ин-та «Черметинформация». 2017. № 11. С. 46 – 52.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Izyumskii N.N., Gordon Ya.M., Tretyak A.A. Mathematical model and system for stabilizing the slag operating mode of blast furnace. Chernaya Metallurgiya. Byul. in-ta “Chermetinformatsiya”. 2017, no. 11, pp. 46–52. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гиммельфарб А.А., Котов К.И. Процессы восстановления и шлакообразования в доменных печах. – М.: Металлургия, 1982. – 328 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gimmel’farb A.A., Kotov K.I. Protsessy vosstanovleniya i shlakoobrazovaniya v domennykh pechakh [Reduction and Slagging Processes in Blast furnace]. Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1982, 328 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сухарева С.П., Гилева Л.Ю., Загайнов С.А. Разработка блока анализа и прогноза шлакового режима доменной плавки // Изв. вуз. Черная металлургия. 2004. № 3. C. 75, 76.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">(In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Свойства жидких доменных шлаков / В.Г. Воскобойников, Н.Е. Дунаев, А.Г. Михалевич и др. – М.: Металлургия, 1975. – 184 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sukhareva S.P., Gileva L.Yu., Zagainov S.A. Analysis and forecast block for slag mode of blast furnace smelting. Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy. 2004, no. 3, pp. 75, 76. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yan Z., Pang Z., Lv X.W., Qiu G., Bai C. Effect of TiO2 on the viscous behavior of high alumina blast furnace slag // Minerals, Metals and Materials Series. 2018. Vol. F10. P. 725 – 733.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voskoboinikov V.G., Dunaev N.E., Mikhalevich A.G. etc. Svoistva zhidkikh domennykh shlakov [Properties of Liquid Blast Furnace Slags]. Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1975, 184 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yan Z., Pang Z., Lv X.W., Qiu G., Bai C. Effect of TiO2 on the viscous behavior of high alumina blast furnace slag. Minerals, Metals and Materials Series. 2018, vol. F10, pp. 725–733.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yan Z., Pang Z., Lv X.W., Qiu G., Bai C. Effect of TiO2 on the viscous behavior of high alumina blast furnace slag. Minerals, Metals and Materials Series. 2018, vol. F10, pp. 725–733.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
