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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2020-8-606-622</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-1953</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>По итогам Международной научной конференции «ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ МЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВ» им. академика А.М. САМАРИНА, Москва, 25 – 28 ноября 2019 г.</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Futher to the International Scientific Conference “PHYSICO-CHEMICAL BASES OF METALLURGICAL PROCESSES” named after Academician A.M. SAMARIN, Moscow, November 25 – 28, 2019</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Азотосодержащие стали и способы их производства</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nitrogen-containing steels and methods of their production</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костина</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostina</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.т.н., доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник, зав. лабораторией физикохимии и механики металлических материалов</p><p>119334, Москва, Ленинский пр., 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Professor, Senior Researcher, Head of the Laboratory “Physicochemistry and Mechanics of Metallic Materials”</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mvk@imet.ac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ригина</surname><given-names>Л. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rigina</surname><given-names>L. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.т.н., ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>115088, Москва, Шарикоподшипниковская ул., 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Leading Researcher</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">LGRigina@cniitmash.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт металлургии и материаловедения им. А.А. Байкова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центральный научно-исследовательский институт технологии машиностроения, ОАО НПО «ЦНИИТМАШ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>JSC Russian State Research Center “CNIITMASH”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>63</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>606</fpage><lpage>622</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Костина М.В., Ригина Л.Г., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Костина М.В., Ригина Л.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kostina M.V., Rigina L.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1953">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1953</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассмотрены системы легирования Fe – Cr – N, Fe – Cr – Mn – N, Fe – Cr – Ni – Mn – N, Fe – Cr – Ni – N и уделено внимание к ям разработанных, либо уже применяющихся сталей. Рассмотрены механические, эксплуатационные и иные свойства ряда современных легированных азотом сталей с равновесной и сверхравновесной концентрацией азота. Приведены оптимальные интервалы легирования их азотом и оценен вклад азота в формирование структурно-фазового состояния и комплекса их свойств. Например, в системе Fe – Cr – N практический интерес представляют аустенитные стали Fe – (21 – 22)Cr – (1,1 – 1,3)N, закаленные на твердый раствор, технологически пластичные, с пределом текучести 800 МПа и высокой коррозионной стойкостью. Востребованы коррозионностойкие высокопрочные аустенитные стали системы Fe – Cr – Mn – N типа Fe – (18 – 21)Mn – (14 – 22)Cr – (0,4 – &gt;0,6)N, в которых марганец и азот полностью или частично заменяют никель как элементы-аустенитообразователи. Приведены примеры сталей системы Fe – Cr – Mn – Ni – N с высоким уровнем служебных свойств. Поскольку при легировании сталей азотом необходима оценка максимально возможного уровня его содержания (растворимости) в металле, а также создание условий для введения азота в жидкий металл и его сохранения в твердом металле, в работе уделено внимание расчетам растворимости азота, учитывающим влияние на нее химического состава стали, температуры и давления, при которых происходит легирование, а также понятию композиционно устойчивого содержания азота и коэффициенту композиционной устойчивости. Рассмотрены основные способы производства азотированных сталей. Сопоставлено качество металла открытой выплавки и после рафинирующего электрошлакового переплава. Последний позволяет сохранить азот в процессе переплава азотированных сталей, обеспечить равномерное его распределение по высоте и сечению слитка, получить слитки с хорошей поверхностью и плотной структурой с радиально-осевой направленностью и без дефектов усадочного характера. Отмечены преимущества способа электрошлакового переплава под давлением – возможность получить высококачественный металл с содержанием азота выше равновесного (при стандартных условиях) и обеспечить практически идеальную экологию производства.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The systems of alloying Fe – Cr – N, Fe – Cr – Mn – N, Fe – Cr – Ni – Mn – N, Fe – Cr – Ni – N are considered and attention is paid to the compositions of developed or already used steels. Mechanical, operational and other properties of a number of modern nitrogenalloyed steels with an equilibrium and super-equilibrium concentration of nitrogen are considered. The optimal intervals of their doping with nitrogen are given and the contribution of nitrogen to formation of the structural-phase state and the complex of their properties is estimated. For example, in the Fe – Cr – N system of practical interest are the austenitic steels Fe – (21 – 22) Cr – (1.1 – 1.3) N, solid solution hardened, technologically plastic, with a yield strength of 800 MPa and high corrosion resistance. Corrosion-resistant high-strength austenitic steels are in demand of the Fe – Cr – Mn – N system, such as Fe – (18 – 21) Mn – (14 – 22) Cr – (0.4 – &gt;0.6) N, in which nickel as austenite-forming element is completely or partially replaced by manganese and nitrogen. Examples of steels of the Fe – Cr – Mn – Ni – N system with high service properties are given. Since alloying steels with nitrogen requires an assessment of the maximum possible level of its content (solubility) in the metal and the creation of conditions for the introduction of nitrogen into the liquid metal and its preservation in the solid metal, attention is paid to: calculations of nitrogen solubility, taking into account the effect on it of the chemical composition of steel, temperature and pressure at which alloying occurs; the concept of compositionally stable nitrogen content and the coefficient of compositional stability. The main methods of production of nitrided steels are considered. The quality of metal in open smelting and after refining electro-slag remelting (ESR) is compared. The latter makes it possible to preserve nitrogen during the remelting of nitrided steels, to ensure its uniform distribution along the height and cross-section of the ingot, to obtain ingots with a good surface and a dense structure with a radialaxial orientation and without shrinkage defects. The advantages of the method of electroslag remelting under pressure (PESR) are noted – the ability to obtain high-quality metal with a nitrogen content above its equilibrium concentration (under standard conditions) and to provide an almost ideal ecology of production.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>азот</kwd><kwd>легирование</kwd><kwd>механические свойства</kwd><kwd>коррозионная стойкость</kwd><kwd>растворимость</kwd><kwd>температура</kwd><kwd>давление</kwd><kwd>выплавка</kwd><kwd>кристаллизация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nitrogen</kwd><kwd>alloying</kwd><kwd>mechanical properties</kwd><kwd>corrosion resistance</kwd><kwd>solubility</kwd><kwd>temperature</kwd><kwd>pressure</kwd><kwd>melting</kwd><kwd>crystallization.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рашев Ц. Высокоазотистые стали. 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