<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2020-8-600-605</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-1952</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>По итогам Международной научной конференции «ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ МЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВ» им. академика А.М. САМАРИНА, Москва, 25 – 28 ноября 2019 г.</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Futher to the International Scientific Conference “PHYSICO-CHEMICAL BASES OF METALLURGICAL PROCESSES” named after Academician A.M. SAMARIN, Moscow, November 25 – 28, 2019</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Текущее состояние производства ферросплавов в России и странах СНГ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Current state of ferroalloys production in Russia and CIS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.т.н., профессор кафедры металлургии стали, новых произведенных технологий и защиты металлов</p><p>119049, Москва, Ленинский пр., 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor of the Chair of Metallurgy of Steel, New Production Technologies and Metal Protection</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pav-gnts@misis.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Островский</surname><given-names>Д. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostrovskii</surname><given-names>D. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.т.н., коммерческий директор</p><p>107996, Москва, ул. Гиляровского, д. 57, стр. 1, офис 18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Commercial Director</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ostrovd@urm-company.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аксенова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aksenova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры металлургии стали, новых производственных технологий и защиты металлов</p><p>119049, Москва, Ленинский пр., 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate of the Chair of Metallurgy of Steel, New Production Technologies and Metal Protection</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Pro100_vika@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бишенов</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bishenov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>соискатель степени к.т.н.</p><p>119049, Москва, Ленинский пр., 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidates for a degree of Cand. Sci. (Eng.)</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bishenovsa@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский технологический университет «МИСиС»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National University of Science and Technology “MISIS” (MISIS)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО НПТК «Объединенная сырьевая компания»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>LLC “United Raw Materials”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>63</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>600</fpage><lpage>605</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Павлов А.В., Островский Д.Я., Аксенова В.В., Бишенов С.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Павлов А.В., Островский Д.Я., Аксенова В.В., Бишенов С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pavlov A.V., Ostrovskii D.Y., Aksenova V.V., Bishenov S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1952">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1952</self-uri><abstract><p>Развитие ферросплавного производства напрямую зависит от развития сталеплавильной области. Поэтому увеличение выплавки стали неизбежно влечет за собой увеличение объемов производства ферросплавов. За последние 10 лет мировой объем производства стали увеличился примерно на 30 %. В данной статье рассмотрено общее состояние ферросплавного сектора в странах СНГ и, в частности, в Российской Федерации. Перечислены основные потребители (среди российских металлургических предприятий) ферросплавной продукции на внутреннем рынке, а также частично рассмотрена структура производства и потребления в других странах-производителях (Китай, Индия, ЕС, США, Япония). Выявлено, что перепроизводство ферросплавов в странах СНГ составляет около 400 %. Также рассмотрены пути развития ферросплавной области, направленные на снижение вклада в производственную себестоимость рудного сырья, восстановителя и электроэнергии, которое достигается за счет использования более дешевой руды, применения новых типов процессов и агрегатов, разработки других альтернативных видов ферросплавов, заменяющих классические. Это, например, развитие плавки в печах постоянного тока, которая позволяет использовать мелкую неподготовленную хромовую руду в качестве сырья для производства феррохрома взамен дефицитной кусковой в комбинации с мелким дешевым восстановителем (антрацитом). Плавка в кислородном реакторе тоже является перспективной технологией, в основе которой лежит принцип дожигания газообразным кислородом выделяющегося в ходе процессов восстановления оксида углерода внутри самого агрегата. Также может получить распространение применение альтернативных видов ферросплавной продукции, таких как кальций углеродистый «КАУР», который заменит карбид кальция в сталеплавильном производстве.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Development of ferroalloy production directly depends on p ress of steel industry. Therefore, an increase in steel production inevitably entails an increase in the production of ferroalloys. Over the past 10 years, global steel production has increased by about 30 %. This article discusses general condition of the ferroalloy sector in the CIS countries and, in particular, in the Russian Federation. The main consumers (among Russian metallurgical enterprises) of ferroalloy products in the domestic market were listed, and the structure of production and consumption in other producing countries (China, India, the EU, USA, Japan) was examined. It was revealed that the overproduction of ferroalloys in the CIS countries is about 400 %. In addition, the ways of development of the ferroalloy field were also considered, aimed at reducing the contribution to the production cost of ore raw materials, reducing agent and electricity, which is achieved through the use of cheaper ore, the use of new types of processes and units, and development of other alternative types of ferroalloys, replacing classic ones. For example, it can be smelting in DC furnaces, which allows the use of small unprepared chrome ore as a raw material for the production of ferrochrome containing scarce lump in combination with small cheap reducing agent (anthracite). Melting in an oxygen reactor is also a promising technology, based on the principle of gaseous oxygen, which results in the reduction of carbon monoxide inside the unit itself. The alternative types of ferroalloy products can be used, such as calcium carbon “KAUR”, which can replace calcium carbide in steelmaking.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ферросплавы</kwd><kwd>крупнотоннажные ферросплавы</kwd><kwd>мировой рынок</kwd><kwd>страны СНГ</kwd><kwd>ферросилиций</kwd><kwd>ферромарганец</kwd><kwd>силикомарганец</kwd><kwd>феррохром</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ferroalloys</kwd><kwd>bulk ferroalloy</kwd><kwd>world market</kwd><kwd>CIS countries</kwd><kwd>ferrosilicon</kwd><kwd>ferromanganese</kwd><kwd>silicomanganese</kwd><kwd>ferrochrome</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Steel Association. World Steel in Figures 2020. Available at URL: https://www.worldsteel.org/en/dam/jcr:f7982217-cfde-4fdc8ba0-795ed807f513/World%2520Steel%2520in%2520Figures%25202020i.pdf (Accessed 3.06.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Steel Association. World Steel in Figures 2020. Available at URL: https://www.worldsteel.org/en/dam/jcr:f7982217-cfde-4fdc8ba0-795ed807f513/World%2520Steel%2520in%2520Figures%25202020i.pdf (Accessed 3.06.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жучков В.И., Леонтьев Л.И., Дашевский В.Я. Состояние и развитие металлургии ферросплавов в России // Перспективы развития металлургии и машиностроения с использованием завершенных фундаментальных исследований и НИОКР: ФЕРРОСПЛАВЫ: Тр. науч.-практич. конф. с междунар. участием, 29 октября – 2 ноября 2018. – Екатеринбург: Альфа Принт, 2018. С. 12 – 20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhuchkov V.I., Leont’ev L.I., Dashevskii V.Ya. State and development of ferroalloys metallurgy in Russia. In: Perspektivy razvitiya metallurgii i mashinostroeniya s ispol’zovaniem zavershennykh fundamental’nykh issledovanii i NIOKR: FERROSPLAVY: Trudy nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem, 29 oktyabrya – 2 noyabrya 2018, Ekaterinburg [Prospects for the Development of Metallurgy and Mechanical Engineering using Completed Fundamental Research and R&amp;D: FERROALLOYS: Proc. of Sci. and Pract. Conf. with Int. Participation, 29 October – 2 November, 2018, Ekaterinburg]. Ekaterinburg: Al’fa Print, 2018, pp. 12–20. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Романова О.А., Позднякова Е.А. Развитие сырьевой базы ферросплавного производства: новые тенденции и экономические возможности // Экономика региона. 2013. №1 (33). С. 167 – 177.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Romanova O.A., Pozdnyakova E.A. Development of raw materials base for ferroalloy production: new trends and economic facilities. Ekonomika regiona. 2013, no. 1 (33), pp. 167–177. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ford K., Hobbs D., Urquhart R. CIS ferroalloys industry: commercial opportunities, technical challenges and strategic implications // 11th Int. Conference on Innovations in the Ferroalloy Industry, New Delhi, India, February. 2007. P. 18 – 21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ford K., Hobbs D., Urquhart R. CIS ferroalloys industry: commercial opportunities, technical challenges and strategic implications. In: 11 th Int. Conference on Innovations in the Ferroalloy Industry, New Delhi, India, February, 2007, pp. 18–21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Steel Association. Global crude steel output increases by 3.4% in 2019. Available at URL: https://www.worldsteel.org/mediacentre/press-releases/2020/Global-crude-steel-output-increases-by3.4--in-2019.html (Accessed 30.01.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Steel Association. Global crude steel output increases by 3.4 % in 2019. Available at URL: https://www.worldsteel.org/media-centre/press-releases/2020/Global-crude-steel-output-increasesby-3.4--in-2019.html (Accessed 30.01.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Steel Association. Global crude steel production 2019. Available at URL: https://www.worldsteel.org/en/dam/jcr:391fbe61488d-46d1-b611-c9a43224f9b8/2019%2520global%2520crude%2520steel%2520production.pdf (Accessed 30.01.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Steel Association. Global crude steel production 2019. Available at URL: https://www.worldsteel.org/en/dam/jcr:391fbe61488d-46d1-b611-c9a43224f9b8/2019%2520global%2520crude%2520steel%2520production.pdf (Accessed 30.01.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ostrovskiy D. Ferroalloys market of Russia and CIS. Available at URL: https://www.urm-company.ru/upload/iblock/47d/47d138f59f688fda4fdea020b8b7c707.pdf (Accessed 25.01.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ostrovskiy D. Ferroalloys market of Russia and CIS. Available at URL: https://www.urm-company.ru/upload/iblock/47d/47d138f59f688fda4fdea020b8b7c707.pdf (Accessed 25.01.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jones A. The market &amp; cost environments for bulk ferroalloys // 11 th Int. Conference on Innovations in the Ferroalloy Industry, New Delhi, India, February. 2007. P. 18 – 21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jones A. The market &amp; cost environments for bulk ferroalloys. In: 11 th Int. Conference on Innovations in the Ferroalloy Industry, New Delhi, India, February, 2007, pp. 18–21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gregurek D., Peng Zh., Wenzl Chr. etc. Fe Alloys: Production and Metallurgical Aspects: Part II // JOM. 2017. Vol. 69. No. 2. P. 323 – 324.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gregurek D., Peng Zh., Wenzl Chr. etc. Fe Alloys: Production and Metallurgical Aspects: Part II. JOM. 2017, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 323–324.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leont’ev L.I., Smirnov L.A., Zhuchkov V.I. etc. Status and prospects of ferroalloys production in the Russian federation // Metallurgist. 2016. Vol. 59. No. 11. P. 1001 – 1006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leont’ev L.I., Smirnov L.A., Zhuchkov V.I., Zhdanov A.V., Dashevskii V.Ya., Gurova S.A. Status and prospects of ferroalloys production in the Russian Federation. Metallurgist. 2016, vol. 59, no. 11, pp. 1001–1006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Официальный сайт АО «Узметкомбинат». Цех по производству ферросплавов. [Электронный ресурс]. Режим доступа: http://uzbeksteel.uz/main_production/2406 (Дата обращения: 21.01.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ofitsial’nyi sait AO “Uzmetkombinat”. Tsekh po proizvodstvu ferrosplavov [Official site of “Uzmetkombinat” JSC. Ferroalloy production workshop]. Available at URL: http://uzbeksteel.uz/main_production/2406 (Accessed 21.01.2020). (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гайбердиев Б.К. Проект цеха для производства 100 тыс. тонн ферросилиция в условиях Узбекского металлургического завода: Дис… . канд. техн. наук. – Южно-Уральский государственный университет, 2016. – 74 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gaiberdiev B.K. Proekt tsekha dlya proizvodstva 100 tys. tonn ferrosilitsiya v usloviyakh Uzbekskogo metallurgicheskogo zavoda: dis... kand. tekh. nauk [Design of a workshop for the production of 100 thousand tons of ferrosilicon in conditions of Uzbekskii Metallurgical Plant: Cand. Tech. Sci. Diss.]. Yuzhno-Ural’skii gosudarstvennyi universitet: 2016, 74 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">International Stainless Steel Forum. Stainless Steel in Figures 2020. Available at URL: https://www.worldstainless.org/Files/issf/nonimage-files/PDF/ISSF_Stainless_Steel_in_Figures_2020_English_public_version.pdf (Accessed 25.05.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">International Stainless Steel Forum. Stainless Steel in Figures 2020. Available at URL: https://www.worldstainless.org/Files/issf/non-image-files/PDF/ISSF_Stainless_Steel_in_Figures_2020_English_public_version.pdf (Accessed 25.05.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гасик М.И., Лякишев Н.П., Емлин Б.И. Теория и технология производства ферросплавов: Учебник для вузов. – М.: Металлургия, 1988. – 784 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gasik M.I., Lyakishev N.P., Emlin B.I. Teoriya i tekhnologiya proizvodstva ferrosplavov: Uchebnik dlya vuzov [Theory and production technology of ferroalloys: Textbook for universities]. Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1988, 784 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бельских Т.Б. Анализ воздействия производства ферросилиция на объекты окружающей среды (на примере предприятия ОАО «Юргинские ферросплавы). [Электронный ресурс]. Режим доступа: http://earchive.tpu.ru/handle/11683/27903 (Дата обращения: 24.05.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bel’skikh T.B. Analiz vozdeistviya proizvodstva ferrosilitsiya na ob”ekty okruzhayushchei sredy (na primere predpriyatiya OAO “Yurginskie ferrosplavy”) [Analysis of the impact of ferrosilicon production on environmental objects (for example, the company OJSC “Yurginsky ferroalloys”)]. Available at URL: http://earchive.tpu.ru/handle/11683/27903 (Accessed 24.05.2020). (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нехамин С.М. Рудно-термические печи постоянного тока для ферросплавного производства // Сталь. 2008. № 6. С. 43 – 47.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nekhamin S.M. Direct-current ore-heating furnace for ferroalloy production. Steel in Translation. 2008, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 470–474.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gelgenhuys I.J. Aspect of DC chromite smelting at Mintek:an overview // Proceedings of the 13 th Int. Ferroalloys Congress. Almaty, Kazakhstan: INFACON XIII. July 9 – 12, 2013. P. 149 – 156.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gelgenhuys I.J. Aspect of DC chromite smelting at Mintek: an overview. In: Proceedings of the 13 th Int. Ferroalloys Congress. Almaty, Kazakhstan: INFACON XIII. July 9 – 12, 2013. pp. 149–156.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Privalov O., Abdulabekov Ye., Nurmukhanbetov Zh. etc. Adjustment of high carbon ferrochrome composition in DC furnaces // Proceedings of the 13 th Int. Ferroalloys Congress. Almaty, Kazakhstan: INFACON XIII. July 9 – 12, 2013. P. 109 – 114.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Privalov O., Abdulabekov Ye., Nurmukhanbetov Zh., Kospanov M., Mussabekov Zh. Adjustment of high carbon ferrochrome composition in DC furnaces. In: Proceedings of the 13 th Int. Ferroalloys Congress. Almaty, Kazakhstan: INFACON XIII. July 9 – 12, 2013, pp. 109–114.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Daavittila J., Honkaniemi M., Jokinen P. The transformation of ferrochromium smelting technologies during the last decades // Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. 2004. Vol. 104. No. 9. P. 541 – 549.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Daavittila J., Honkaniemi M., Jokinen P. The transformation of ferrochromium smelting technologies during the last decades. Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. 2004, vol. 104, no. 9, pp. 541–549.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гальперин Л.Л. и др. Технология производства высокоуглеродистого феррохрома с применением хроморудных брикетов // Научные основы и практика разведки и переработки руд и техногенного сырья: Матер. Междунар. науч.-технич. конф. Екатеринбург, 18 – 21 июня 2003. – Екатеринбург: Изд-во АМБ, 2003. С. 269 – 271.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gal’perin L.L. etc. Technology of high-carbon ferrochrome production using chromium ore briquettes. In: Nauchnye osnovy i praktika razvedki i pererabotki rud i tekhnogennogo syr’ya: Materialy mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-tekhnicheskoi konferentsii. Ekaterinburg, 18 – 21 iyunya 2003 [Scientific foundations and practice of exploration and processing of ores and industrial raw materials: Papers of Int. Sci.-Pract. Conference. Ekaterinburg, June 18 – 21]. Ekaterinburg: Izd-vo AMB, 2003, pp. 269-271. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жучков В.И., Кель И.Н. Использование отходов предприятий ферросплавного производства // Фундаментальные исследования и прикладные разработки процессов переработки и утилизации техногенных образований. Уральский рынок лома, промышленных и коммунальных отходов: «Техноген-2017», Екатеринбург, 5 – 9 июня 2017. – Екатеринбург: ИМЕТ УрО РАН, 2017. С. 553 – 556.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhuchkov V.I., Kel’ I.N. Use of waste from ferroalloy enterprises. In: Fundamental’nye issledovaniya i prikladnye razrabotki protsessov pererabotki i utilizatsii tekhnogennykh obrazovanii. Ural’skii rynok loma, promyshlennykh i kommunal’nykh otkhodov: “Tekhnogen-2017”, Ekaterinburg, 5 – 9 iyunya 2017 [Fundamental research and applied development of processes for processing and utilization of technogenic formations. Ural Market of Scrap, Industrial and Municipal Waste: “Tekhnogen-2017”, Ekaterinburg, June 5 – 9, 2017]. Ekaterinburg: IMET UrO RAN, 2017, pp. 553–556.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Андреева К.В. Характеристика современного состояния промышленного сектора Оренбургской области // Наука в современном обществе: закономерности и тенденции развития: Сб. статей Междунар. науч.-практич. конф., 10 ноября 2017, Оренбург. – Оренбург: Аэтерна, 2017. С. 11 – 14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andreeva K.V. Characteristics of current state of industrial sector of Orenburg region. In: Nauka v sovremennom obshchestve: zakonomernosti i tendentsii razvitiya: sbornik statei Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii, 10 noyabrya 2017, Orenburg [Science in modern society: patterns and development trends: Proceedings of Int. Sci.-Pract. Conference. Orenburg, November 10, 2017]. Orenburg: Aeterna, 2017, pp. 11–14. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пат. 2109817 РФ. Способ получения чугуна и ферросплавов / В.А. Григорян, А.В. Павлов, Е.Ф. Вегман и др. // Бюл. изобретений. 1998. № 6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grigoryan V.A., Pavlov A.V., Vegman E.F., Semin A.E., Shcherbakov V.A. Sposob polucheniya chuguna i ferrosplavov [The method of producing pig iron and ferroalloys]. Patent RF no. 2109817. Byulleten’ izobretenii. 1998, no. 6. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пат. 2638470 РФ. Раскислитель для стали / С.Н. Неретин, А.В. Павлов, А.Н. Хромагин, Ю.В. Главатских. Опубликовано 12.13.2017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neretin S.N., Pavlov A.V., Khromagin A.N., Glavatskikh Yu.V. Raskislitel’ dlya stali [Steel deoxidizer]. Patent RF no. 2638470. 2016. Publ. 12.13.2017. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
