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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2020-2-129-134</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-1854</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ МЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICO-CHEMICAL BASICS OF METALLURGICAL PROCESSES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Применение равновесных диаграмм состояния для расчета кинетики ликвации при охлаждении двухкомпонентного расплава</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Application of equilibrium phase diagrams for calculation of segregation kinetics during two-component melt cooling</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дрозин</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Drozin</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.т.н., профессор кафедры пирометаллургических процессов</p><p>454080, г. Челябинск, пр. Ленина, 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor of the Chair of Pyrometallurgical Processes</p><p>Chelyabinsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">drozinad@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куркина</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurkina</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заместитель директора Центра элитного образования</p><p>454080, г. Челябинск, пр. Ленина, 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Deputy Director of the Honor Education Center</p><p>Chelyabinsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eykurkina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Южно-Уральский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>South Ural State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>63</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>129</fpage><lpage>134</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дрозин А.Д., Куркина Е.Ю., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дрозин А.Д., Куркина Е.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Drozin A.D., Kurkina E.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1854">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1854</self-uri><abstract><p>Согласно равновесным диаграммам состояния при охлаждении расплава до температуры ниже температуры ликвидуса составы жидкой и твердой фаз однозначно определяются соответствующими кривыми на диаграмме. Чтобы наступило равновесие, необходимо, чтобы расплав выдерживался бесконечно долго при каждой температуре или коэффициенты теплопроводности жидкой и твердой фаз, а также коэффициенты диффузии их компонентов были бесконечно велики. Была предпринята попытка выяснить, как эти процессы происходят в реальности. Рассматривается рост отдельного кристалла при охлаждении двухкомпонентного расплава. Построена математическая модель, базирующаяся на следующих положениях: выделена область расплава с объемом, приходящимся на одно зерно, периферия которого охлаждается по определенному закону; в начальный момент времени в жидкости находится зародыш кристалла некоторого минимального размера; у поверхности кристалла составы жидкой и твердой фаз соответствуют диаграмме состояния для рассматриваемой температуры на его поверхности; изменение температуры и состава в жидкой и твердой фазах происходят по законам теплопроводности и диффузии соответственно. По мере охлаждения расплава и роста кристалла жидкая фаза обогащается одним компонентом и обедняется другим, твердая фаза – наоборот. Коэффициенты диффузии компонентов в твердой фазе малы, поэтому не происходит полного выравнивания состава по его сечению. Предлагаемая в настоящей работе модель позволяет исследовать это явление, рассчитать для каждого режима охлаждения состав кристалла по мере удаления от его центра. Расчеты показали, что выравнивание температуры происходит практически мгновенно, выравнивание состава жидкой фазы значительно медленнее. Выравнивания состава твердой фазы в обозримое время практически не происходит. Результаты работы помогут улучшить технологию получения сплавов с оптимальной структурой.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>According to the equilibrium state diagrams, when the melt is cooled to a certain temperature below liquidus, compositions of liquid and solid phases are uniquely determined by corresponding curves in the diagram. However, it does not happen in reality. For equilibrium (which the diagram describes), it is necessary that the melt is maintained indefinitely at each temperature, or thermal conductivity of liquid and solid phases, and the diffusion coefficients of their components, are infinitely large. We made an attempt to find out how these processes occur in reality. In this work, we consider the growth of individual crystal during cooling of a two-component melt. Mathematical model is constructed based on the following. 1. The melt area with volume corresponding to one grain, the periphery of which is cooled according to a certain law, is considered. 2. At the initial instant of time, a crystal nucleus of a certain minimum size is in the liquid. 3. At the surface of crystal, compositions of liquid and solid phases correspond to equilibrium state diagram at a given temperature on its surface. 4. Changes in temperature and composition in liquid and solid phases occur according to the laws of heat conduction and diffusion, respectively. As the melt gets cold and the crystal grows, the liquid phase is enriched in one component and depleted in another, the solid phase – on the contrary. Since the diffusion coefficients of the components in the solid phase are small, the composition of the crystal does not have time to completely equalize its cross section. The model proposed in the work allows us to study this phenomenon, to calculate for each cooling mode how the composition of the crystal will vary over its cross section. The calculations have shown that the temperature equalization occurs almost instantly, and composition of the liquid phase equalizes much slower. Equalization of the solid phase composition does not occur in the foreseeable time. The results of the work will help to improve technology of generation of alloys with an optimal structure.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>диаграмма состояния</kwd><kwd>ликвация</kwd><kwd>рост кристалла</kwd><kwd>фазовый переход</kwd><kwd>математическая модель</kwd><kwd>диффузия</kwd><kwd>теплопроводность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>state diagram</kwd><kwd>local equilibrium</kwd><kwd>segregation</kwd><kwd>crystal growth</kwd><kwd>phase transition</kwd><kwd>mathematical model</kwd><kwd>diffusion</kwd><kwd>thermal conductivity</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования РФ в рамках базовой части государственного задания ТЗ 8.9692.2017/8.9 от 17.02.2017 г.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation according to basic part of the state assignment TDA 8.9692.2017 / 8.9 dated 02.17.2017.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tourret D., Gandin Ch. 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