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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2020-2-108-115</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-1850</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATERIAL SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Формирование структуры дифференцированно закаленных 100-метровых рельсов при длительной эксплуатации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Development of the structure of differentially hardened 100 m rails during their long operation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кормышев</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kormyshev</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.т.н., инженер кафедры естественнонаучных дисциплин им. В.М. Финкеля</p><p>654007, Кемеровская обл., Новокузнецк, ул. Кирова, 42</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Engineer of the Chair of Science named after V.M. Finkel</p><p>Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">89239230000@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полевой</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polevoi</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>начальник бюро металловедения и термической обработки технического отдела рельсовой площадки</p><p>654043, Кемеровская обл., Новокузнецк, ш. Космическое, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Bureau of Metal Science and Thermal Treatment of the Technical Department of Rail Area</p><p>Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Egor.Polevoj@evraz.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юрьев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yur’ev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.т.н., менеджер по управлению продуктами и ресурсами</p><p>654043, Кемеровская обл., Новокузнецк, ш. Космическое, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Manager of Product and Resource Management</p><p>Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ant-yurev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Громов</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gromov</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.ф.-м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой естественнонаучных дисциплин им. В.М. Финкеля</p><p>654007, Кемеровская обл., Новокузнецк, ул. Кирова, 42</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Phys.-math.), Professor, Head of the Chair of Science named after V.M. Finkel</p><p>Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gromov@physics.sibsiu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>Ю. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>Yu. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.ф.-м.н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>634055, Томск, пр. Академический, 2/3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Phys.-math.), Professor, Chief Researcher</p><p>Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yufi55@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сибирский государственный индустриальный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Industrial University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АО «ЕВРАЗ – Объединенный Западно-Сибирский металлургический комбинат»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>JSC “EVRAZ – Joint West Siberian Metallurgical Plant”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт сильноточной электроники СО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of High Current Electronics, SB RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>63</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>108</fpage><lpage>115</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кормышев В.Е., Полевой Е.В., Юрьев А.А., Громов В.Е., Иванов Ю.Ф., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кормышев В.Е., Полевой Е.В., Юрьев А.А., Громов В.Е., Иванов Ю.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kormyshev V.E., Polevoi E.V., Yur’ev A.A., Gromov V.E., Ivanov Y.F.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1850">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1850</self-uri><abstract><p>Методами современного физического материаловедения выполнен анализ структурно-фазовых состояний и механических свойств поверхности катания на расстоянии от 0 до 22 мм по центральной оси и по выкружке дифференцировано закаленных 100-м рельсов категории ДТ 350 производства АО «ЕВРАЗ – Объединенный Западно-Сибирский металлургический комбинат» после длительной эксплуатации (пропущенный тоннаж 1411 млн. т брутто) на экспериментальном испытательном кольце. По химическому составу металл рельсов удовлетворяет требованиям ТУ 0921-276-01124323 – 2012 для стали марки Э76ХФ. Ударная вязкость и твердость на поверхности катания головки и по сечению соответствуют требованиям ТУ. Микроструктура металла рельсов представлена мелкодисперсным пластинчатым перлитом 1,5 балла с включениями избыточного феррита по границам зерен (1,5 балла шкалы № 7 ГОСТ 8233). Межпластинчатое расстояние в головке рельса изменяется в пределах 0,10 – 0,15 мкм. Длительная эксплуатация рельсов сопровождается формированием градиентной структуры, выражающейся в закономерном изменении твердости, микротвердости, ударной вязкости по сечению головки рельсов. Микротвердость на глубине 2 мм от поверхности катания составляет 1481 – 1486 МПа. На глубине до 10 мм микротвердость снижается до 1210 – 1385 МПа, что обусловлено увеличением межпластинчатого расстояния и снижением уровня деформационного упрочнения металла при длительной эксплуатации рельсов. Высказано предположение, что это может быть обусловлено увеличением межпластинчатого расстояния и снижением уровня деформационного упрочнения при длительной эксплуатации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Using methods of modern physical materials science, structural-phase states and mechanical properties of the rolling surface have been analyzed at distance of 0 to 22 mm along the central axis and along the fillet of differentially hardened 100 m rails of DT 350 category manufactured by JSC “EVRAZ – United West Siberian Metallurgical Plant” after their long-term operation (passed gross tonnage of 1.411 million tons) on experimental test ring. In terms of chemical composition, metal of the rails meets TU 0921-276-01124323 – 2012 requirements for E76KhF steel. Impact strength and hardness on head surface and along cross-section meet TU specifications. Microstructure of rails metal is represented by finely dispersed plate perlite of 1.5 points with inclusions of excessive ferrite along the grain boundaries (1.5 points by GOST 8233 scale No. 7). Interlamellar distance in the rail head varies between 0.10 and 0.15 microns. Long-term operation of rails is accompanied by development of gradient structure, manifested in regular change in hardness, microhardness, impact strength along cross-section of the rail head. Microhardness at 2 mm depth from the rolling surface is 1481 – 1486 MPa. At 10 mm depth microhardness decreases to 1210 – 1385 MPa, which is caused by an increase in interlamellar distance and decrease in the level of strain hardening of metal during long-term operation of rails. It has been suggested that this may be due to an increase in interlamellar distance and a decrease in level of strain hardening during long-term operation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>структура</kwd><kwd>твердость</kwd><kwd>микротвердость</kwd><kwd>дифференцировано закаленные рельсы</kwd><kwd>длительная эксплуатация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>structure</kwd><kwd>hardness</kwd><kwd>microhardness</kwd><kwd>differentially hardened rails</kwd><kwd>long-term operation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке гранта РФФИ (проект № 19-32-60001).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was financially supported by RFBR grant (project No. 19-32-60001).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gromov V.E., Yuriev A.B., Morozov K.V., Ivanov Y.F. 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