<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2020-1-40-46</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-1831</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ МЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICO-CHEMICAL BASICS OF METALLURGICAL PROCESSES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Поверхностное натяжение и плотность расплавов Fe – Mn</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Surface tension and density of Fe – Mn melts</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синицин</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinitsin</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник, аспирант кафедры физики</p><p>620002, Россия, Екатеринбург, ул. Мира, 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Postgraduate of the Chair of Physics</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n.i.sinitsin@urfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чикова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chikova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.ф.-м.н., профессор кафедры физики</p><p>620002, Россия, Екатеринбург, ул. Мира, 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Phys.–Math.), Professor of the Chair of Physics</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вьюхин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>V’yukhin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший научный сотрудник Исследовательского центра физики металлических жидкостей Института материаловедения и металлургии</p><p>620002, Россия, Екатеринбург, ул. Мира, 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Researcher of the Research Center of Physics of Metallic Liquids of the Institute of Materials and Metallurgy</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>03</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>63</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>40</fpage><lpage>46</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Синицин Н.И., Чикова О.А., Вьюхин В.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Синицин Н.И., Чикова О.А., Вьюхин В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sinitsin N.I., Chikova O.A., V’yukhin V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1831">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1831</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе приведены оригинальные экспериментальные данные о поверхностном натяжении расплавов Fe100 – xMnx (х = 4 – 13 вес. %). Поверхностное натяжение и плотность расплава измеряли методом сидящей капли в режиме нагрева от температуры ликвидус до 1780 °С и последующего охлаждения образца в атмосфере высокочистого гелия. Построены температурные и концентрационные зависимости поверхностного натяжения и плотности расплавов Fe – Mn. Марганец является поверхностно-активным веществом в расплаве железа, величина коэффициента поверхностного натяжения расплавов Fe – Mn с увеличением содержания марганца уменьшается. Экспериментальные данные о коэффициенте поверхностного натяжения расплавов Fe – Mn согласуются с теоретическими зависимостями (уравнение Павлова-Попеля и уравнение Шишковского). В контексте изучения микрогетерогенности расплавов Fe – Mn выявлена связь между значениями их кинематической вязкости, коэффициента поверхностного натяжения и плотности. Зависимость текучести расплавов Fe – Mn от их плотности в режиме охлаждения носит линейный характер, что свидетельствует о выполнении закона Бачинского. Обнаружено расхождение значений отношения вязкости расплава к коэффициенту поверхностного натяжения, полученного по экспериментальным данным и рассчитанного по эмпирической формуле. По экспериментальным данным о вязкости и поверхностном натяжении расплавов Fe – Mn изучено изменение энтропии в объеме расплава и изменение поверхностной энтропии расплава соответственно. Эти показатели снижаются по абсолютной величине с увеличением содержания марганца в расплаве. По результатам работы сделан вывод об отсутствии разрушения микрогетерогенной структуры расплавов Fe100 – x Mnx (х = 4 – 13 вес. %) при нагреве до 1780 °С.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents original experimental data on surface tension of the melts Fe100 – x Mnx (x = 4 ... 13 wt. %). Surface tension and density of the melt was measured by the method of sessile drop at heating from the liquidus temperature up to 1780 °C and subsequent cooling of the sample in the atmosphere of high-purity helium. Temperature and concentration dependences of surface tension and density of Fe – Mn melts was constructed. Manganese is a surface-active substance in iron melt. The value of surface tension coefficient of Fe – Mn melts decreases while Mn content increases. Experimental data on the surface tension of Fe – Mn melts is consistent with the theoretical dependences (Pavlova-Popiel equation and the Shishkovsky equation). During the study of microheterogeneity of Fe – Mn melts, correlation between the values of kinematic viscosity, surface tension and density was determined. Dependence of the fluidity of Fe – Mn melts on their density in the cooling mode has a linear character which indicates the implementation of the Bachinsky law. Discrepancy of values of the ratio of melt viscosity to the surface tension coefficient was obtained from experimental data and was calculated by the empirical formula. According to the experimental data on viscosity and surface tension of Fe – Mn melts, the authors have evaluated the entropy change in volume of the melt and change of surface entropy of the melt, respectively. Surface entropy of the melt and entropy in the melt volume decreases in absolute value with increase of Mn content in it. According to the results of the work, it was concluded that there is no destruction of the microheterogeneous structure of Fe100 – x Mnx melts (x = 4 ... 13 wt. %) when heated up to 1780 °С.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>поверхностное натяжение</kwd><kwd>плотность</kwd><kwd>расплавы Fe – Mn</kwd><kwd>микрогетерогенность</kwd><kwd>поверхностная энтропия</kwd><kwd>кинематическая вязкость</kwd><kwd>уравнение Бачинского</kwd><kwd>энтропия вязкого течения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>surface tension</kwd><kwd>density</kwd><kwd>Fe – Mn melts</kwd><kwd>microheterogeneity</kwd><kwd>surface entropy</kwd><kwd>kinematic viscosity</kwd><kwd>Bachinsky equation</kwd><kwd>viscous flow entropy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Власов В.И., Комолова Е.Ф. Литая высокомарганцовистая сталь Г13Л. Свойства и производство. – М.: Машгиз, 1963. – 195 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vlasov V.I., Komolova E.F. Litaya vysokomargantsevaya stal’ G13L. Svoistva i proizvodstvo [Cast high manganese steel G13L. Properties and production]. Moscow: Mashgiz, 1963, 195 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grässel O., Frommeyer G. Effect of martensitic phase transformation and deformation twinning on mechanical properties of Fe–Mn– –Si–Al steels // Materials Science and Technology. 1998. Vol. 14. No. 12. P. 1213 – 1217.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grässel O., Frommeyer G. Effect of martensitic phase transformation and deformation twinning on mechanical properties of Fe – Mn – Si – Al steels. Materials Science and Technology. 1998, vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 1213–1217.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Frommeyer G., Brüx U., Neumann P. Supra-ductile and highstrength manganese-TRIP/TWIP steels for high energy absorption purposes // ISIJ International. 2003. Vol. 43. No. 3. P. 438 – 446.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frommeyer G., Brüx U., Neumann P. Supra-ductile and highstrength manganese-TRIP/TWIP steels for high energy absorption purposes. ISIJ International. 2003, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 438–446.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grässel O., Krüger L., Frommeyer G., Meyer L.W. High strength Fe–Mn–(Al, Si) TRIP/TWIP steels development – properties – application // International Journal of Plasticity. 2000. Vol. 16. P. 1391 – 1409.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grässel O., Krüger L., Frommeyer G., Meyer L.W. High strength Fe – Mn – (Al, Si) TRIP/TWIP steels development – properties – application. International Journal of Plasticity. 2000, vol. 16, no. 11-12, pp. 1391–1409.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Idrissi H., Renard K., Ryelandt L. etc. On the mechanism of twin formation in Fe–Mn–C TWIP steels // Acta Materialia. 2010. Vol. 58. No. 11 – 12. P. 2464 – 2476.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Idrissi H., Renard K., Ryelandt L., Schryvers D., Jacques P.J. On the mechanism of twin formation in Fe-Mn-C TWIP steels. Acta Materialia. 2010, vol. 58, pp. 2464–2476.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhuang C., Liu J., Mi Z. etc. Non-metallic inclusions in TWIP steel // Steel Research International. 2014. Vol. 85. No. 10. P. 1432 – 1439.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhuang C., Liu J., Mi Z., Jiang H., Tang D., Wang G. Non-metallic inclusions in TWIP steel. Steel Research International. 2014, vol. 85, no. 10, pp. 1432–1439.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">So K.H., Kim J.S., Chun Y.S. etc. Hydrogen delayed fracture properties and internal hydrogen behavior of a Fe–18Mn–1.5Al–0.6C TWIP steel // ISIJ International. 2009. Vol. 49. No. 12. P. 1952 – 1959.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">So K.H., Kim J.S., Chun Y.S., Park K.-T., Lee Y.-K., Lee C.S. Hydrogen delayed fracture properties and internal hydrogen behavior of a Fe-18Mn-1.5AI-0.6C TWIP steel. ISIJ International. 2009, vol. 49, no. 12, pp. 1952–1959.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee J., Hoai L.T., Shin M. Density and surface tension of liquid Fe–Mn alloys // Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B. 2011. Vol. 42. No. 3. P. 546 – 549.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee J., Hoai L.T., Shin M. Density and surface tension of liquid Fe – Mn alloys. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B. 2011, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 546–549.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoai L.T., Lee J. Density of liquid Fe–Mn–C alloys // Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B. 2011. Vol. 42. No. 5. P. 925 – 927.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoai L.T., Lee J. Density of liquid Fe – Mn – C alloys. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B. 2011, vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 925–927.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoai L.T., Lee J. Effect of surface adsorption of carbon on the surface tension of liquid Fe–Mn–C alloys // Journal of Materials Science. 2012. Vol. 47. No. 24. P. 8303 – 8307.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoai L.T., Lee J. Effect of surface adsorption of carbon on the surface tension of liquid Fe–Mn–C alloys. Journal of Materials Science. 2012, vol. 47, no. 24, pp. 8303–8307.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dubberstein T., Heller H.-P., Klostermann J. etс. Surface tension and density data for Fe–Cr–Mo, Fe–Cr–Ni, and Fe–Cr–Mn–Ni steels // Journal of Materials Science. 2015. Vol. 50. No. 22. P. 7227 – 7237.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dubberstein T., Heller H.-P., Klostermann J. etc. Surface tension and density data for Fe–Cr–Mo, Fe–Cr–Ni, and Fe–Cr–Mn– –Ni steels. Journal of Materials Science. 2015, vol. 50, no. 22, pp. 7227–7237.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adolf Z., Plura J, Parma V. Effect of carbon on surface tension in Fe–Mn–C, Fe–Si–C, Fe–P–C, and Fe–S-C melts // Hutnicke Listy. 1987. Vol. 42. No. 8. P. 537 – 544.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adolf Z., Plura J, Parma V. Effect of Carbon on Surface Tension in Fe – Mn – C, Fe – Si – C, Fe – P – C, and Fe – S – C Melts. Hutnicke Listy. 1987, vol. 42, no. 8, pp. 537–544.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Попель С.И., Царевский Б.В., Джемилев Н.К. Изотермы плотности и поверхностного натяжения расплавов железа с марганцем // Физика металлов и металловедение. 1964. Т. 18. № 3. С. 158 – 160.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Popel’ S.I., Tsarevskii B.V., Dzhemilev N.K. Isotherms of density and surface tension of Fe – Mn melts. Fizika metallov i metallovedenie. 1964, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 158–160. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ван Цзин-Тан, Карасев Р.А., Самарин А.М. Поверхностное на- тяжение расплавов железо-марганец и железо-сера // Известия АН СССР. Отделение технических наук. Металлургия и топли- во. 1960. Т. 2. С. 49 – 52.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Tszin-Tan, Karasev R.A., Samarin A.M. Surface tension of Fe – Mn and Fe – S melts. Izvestiya AN SSSR. Otdelenie tekhnicheskikh nauk. Metallurgiya i toplivo. 1960, vol. 2, pp. 49–52. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nakamoto M., Tanaka T. Estimation of activity coefficient of solute in infinite dilute liquid iron based on surface tension of binary liquid Fe alloys // Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan. 2019. Vol. 105. No. 3. P. 53 – 57.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nakamoto M., Tanaka T. Estimation of activity coefficient of solute in infinite dilute liquid iron based on surface tension of binary liquid Fe alloys. Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan. 2019, vol. 105, no. 3, pp. 53–57.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang J., Bian M., Ma L. Composition in surface of liquid Fe–Mn and Fe–S systems //Acta Metallurgica Sinica. 1986. Vol. 22. No. 3. P. a270 – a274.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang J., Bian M., Ma L. Composition in surface of liquid Fe – Mn and Fe – S systems. Acta Metallurgica Sinica. 1986, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. a270–a274.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Keene B.J. Review of data for the surface tension of iron and its binary alloys // International Materials Reviews. 1988. Vol. 33. No. 1. P. 1 – 37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Keene B.J. Review of data for the surface tension of iron and its binary alloys. International Materials Reviews. 1988, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 1–37.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гедгагова М.В., Гукетлов Х.М., Кумыков В.К. и др. О высоко- температурных измерениях поверхностного натяжения металлов в условиях вакуума // Известия РАН. Серия физическая. 2007. № 5. С. 631 – 633.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gedgagova M.V., Guketlov Kh.M., Kumykov V.K., Manukyants A.R., Sergeev I.N., Sozaev V.A. High-temperature measurements of surface tension of metals in vacuum. Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics. 2007, vol. 71, no. 5, pp. 608–610.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Директор Л.Б., Зайченко В.М., Майков И.Л. Усовершенствованный метод лежащей капли для определения поверхностно- го натяжения жидкостей // Теплофизика высоких температур. 2010. Т. 48. № 2. С. 193 – 197.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Direktor L.B., Zaichenko V.M., Maikov I.L. Improved method of sessile drop for determining the surface tension of liquids. Teplofizika vysokikh temperatur. 2010, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 193–197. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Островский О.И., Григорян В.А., Вишкарев А.Ф. Свойства ме- таллических расплавов. – М.: Металлургия, 1988. – 304 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ostrovskii O.I., Grigoryan V.A., Vishkarev A.F. Svoistva metallicheskikh rasplavov [Properties of metallic melts]. Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1988, 304 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chikova O., Sinitsin N., Vyukhin V., Chezganov D. Microheterogeneity and crystallization conditions of Fe–Mn melts // Journal of Crystal Growth. 2019. Vol. 527. Article 125239.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chikova O., Sinitsin N., Vyukhin V., Chezganov D. Microheterogeneity and crystallization conditions of Fe – Mn melts. Journal of Crystal Growth. 2019, vol. 527, аrticle 125239.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Попель С.И. Поверхностные явления в расплавах. – М.: Металлургия, 1994. – 440 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Popel’ S.I. Poverkhnostnye yavleniya v rasplavakh [Surface phenomena in melts]. Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1994, 440 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Семенченко В.К. Поверхностные явления в металлах и сплавах. – М.: Гостехиздат, 1957. – 491 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Semenchenko V.K. Poverkhnostnye yavleniya v metallakh i splavakh [Surface phenomena in metals and alloys]. Moscow: Gostekhizdat, 1957, 491 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Физическая химия неорганических материалов / В.Н. Еремен- ко, М.И. Иванов, Г.М. Лукашенко и др. / Под общ. ред. В.Н. Еременко Т. 2. – Киев: Наукова думка, 1988. – 192 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eremenko V.N., Ivanov M.I., Lukashenko G.M., etc. Fizicheskaya khimiya neorganicheskikh materialov: T. 2 [Physical chemistry of inorganic materials: Vol. 2]. Eremenko V.N. ed. Kiev: Naukova dumka, 1988, 192 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Корольков А.М. Поверхностное натяжение алюминия и его сплавов // Известия академии наук СССР. Отделение технические науки. 1956. № 2. С. 35 – 42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korol’kov A.M. Surface tension of aluminum and its alloys. Izvestiya akademii nauk SSSR. Tekhnicheskie nauki. 1956, no. 2, pp. 35–42. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ниженко В.И., Еременко В.Н. О поверхностной активности металлов в жидких металлах // Порошковая металлургия. 1964. № 2. С. 11 – 18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nizhenko V.I. Eremenko V.N. Surface activity of metals in liquid metals. Poroshkovaya metallurgiya. 1964, no. 2, pp. 11–18. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фоменко В.С. Эмиссионные свойства химических элементов и их соединений. Справочник / Под ред. чл.-кор. АН УССР Г.В. Самсонова. – Киев: Наукова думка, 1964. – 104 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fomenko V.S. Emissionnye svoistva khimicheskikh elementov i ikh soedinenii. Spravochnik [Emission properties of chemical elements and their compounds]. Samsonov G.V. ed. Kiev: Naukova dumka, 1964, 104 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сумм Б.Д. Новые корреляции поверхностного натяжения с объемными свойствами жидкости // Вестник МГУ. Сер. 2. Хи- мия. 1999. Т. 40. № 6. С. 400 – 405.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Summ B.D. New correlations of surface tension with volume properties of liquids. Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta Seriya 2 Khimiya. 1999, vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 400–405. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
