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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2019-12-943-949</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-1780</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ МЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICO-CHEMICAL BASICS OF METALLURGICAL PROCESSES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Моделирование роста кристаллов в многокомпонентных метастабильных сплавах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Simulation of crystal growth in multicomponent metastable alloys</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дудоров</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dudorov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.ф.-м.н., докторант кафедры пирометаллургических процессов</p><p>454080, Челябинск, пр. Ленина, 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Phys.-math.), Doctoral of the Chair “Pyrometallurgical Processes”</p><p>Chelyabinsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dudorov_m@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рощин</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Roshchin</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.т.н., профессор кафедры пирометаллургических процессов</p><p>454080, Челябинск, пр. Ленина, 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor of the Chair “Pyrometallurgical Processes”</p><p>Chelyabinsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">roshchinve@susu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Южно-Уральский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>South Ural State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>62</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>943</fpage><lpage>949</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дудоров М.В., Рощин В.Е., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дудоров М.В., Рощин В.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dudorov M.V., Roshchin V.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1780">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1780</self-uri><abstract><p>Разработана методика прогнозирования закономерностей роста кристаллов из метастабильных расплавов. Методами неравновесной термодинамики описан процесс роста кристалла из многокомпонентного расплава с учетом взаимного влияния тепловых и диффузионных процессов. Применение к построенной системе уравнений нового вариационного подхода позволило получить удобные для практических расчетов выражения скорости роста кристалла из многокомпонентного расплава. Полученная методика позволила провести анализ особенностей роста кристалла при высокой скорости движения фронта кристаллизации, которые приводят к эффекту «захвата примеси» – отклонению от равновесных условий у поверхности раздела фаз. Разработанная математическая модель дает возможность проводить расчеты скорости роста частиц новой фазы и оценивать влияние метастабильных эффектов на отклонение концентраций компонентов у поверхности растущего кристалла от равновесных значений. Таким образом, с использованием полученного метода может быть построена «метастабильная» фазовая диаграмма исследуемой системы. Развиваемый подход применен к расчету роста нанокристаллов α-Fe(Si) при отжиге аморфного сплава Fe73,5 Cu1 Nb3 Si13,5B9 . Результаты расчета сопоставлены с результатами эксперимента по первичной кристаллизации сплава. Показано, что концентрация железа у поверхности растущего кристалла несущественно отклоняется от равновесных значений. C другой стороны, атомы кремния захватываются фронтом кристаллизации, концентрация кремния у поверхности растущего нанокристалла значительно отклоняется от равновесных значений. Расчет показал, что после первичной кристаллизации аморфной фазы, происходящей при температуре 400 – 450 °С, отклонение концентрации кремния от равновесного значения составит около 2 %, при этом равновесное значение концентрации составит около 13,3 %.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A method for predicting the regularities of crystal growth from metastable melts has been developed. The process of crystal growth from a multicomponent melt is described by the methods of nonequilibrium thermodynamics, taking into account the mutual influence of thermal and diffusion processes. The application of a new variational approach to the constructed system of equations made it possible to obtain expressions of the crystal growth rate from a multicomponent melt convenient for practical calculations. The obtained technique allowed us to analyze the features of crystal growth at high rate of crystallization front, which leads to “impurity capture” effect – deviation from equilibrium conditions at the phase interface. The developed mathematical model makes it possible to calculate the growth rate of new phase particles and to estimate the effect of metastable effects on deviation of the components’ concentration at surface of the growing crystal from equilibrium values. Thus, using the obtained method, a “metastable” phase diagram of the system under study can be constructed. The developed approach is applied to the calculation of growth of α-Fe(Si) nanocrystals during annealing of amorphous alloy Fe73,5 Cu1 Nb3 Si13,5B9. The calculation results were compared with the results of the experiment on the alloy primary crystallization. It is shown that the concentration of Fe at the surface of the growing crystal does not significantly deviate from the equilibrium values. On the other hand, silicon atoms are captured by the crystallization front, silicon concentration at the surface of the growing nanocrystal deviates significantly from equilibrium values. The calculation has shown that after the initial crystallization of the amorphous phase, occurring at a temperature of 400 – 450 °C, the deviation of silicon concentration from equilibrium value is about 2 %, while this equilibrium value is about 13.3 %.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рост кристаллов</kwd><kwd>неравновесная термодинамика</kwd><kwd>захват примеси</kwd><kwd>метастабильные сплавы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>crystal growth</kwd><kwd>non-equilibrium thermodynamics</kwd><kwd>solute trapping</kwd><kwd>metastable melts</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baker J.C., Cahn J.W. Solute trapping by rapid solidification // Acta Metallurgica. 1969. No. 17. P. 575 – 578.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baker J.C., Cahn J.W. Solute trapping by rapid solidification. 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