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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2019-11-894-906</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-1763</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATERIAL SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Хладостойкость новой литейной Cr – Mn – Ni – Mo – N стали с 0,5 % N. Часть 1</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cold resistance of new casting Cr – Mn – Ni – Mo – N steel with 0.5 % of N. Part. 1</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костина</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostina</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор технических наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник, зав. лабораторией физикохимии и механики металлических материалов </p><p>119334, Москва, Ленинский пр., 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Professor, Senior Researcher, Head of the Laboratory “Physicochemistry and Mechanics of Metallic Materials”</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mvk@imet.ac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поломошнов</surname><given-names>П. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polomoshnov</surname><given-names>P. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Младший научный сотрудник лаборатории физикохимии и механики металлических материалов</p><p>119334, Москва, Ленинский пр., 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Acting Junior Researcher of the Laboratory “Physicochemistry and Mechanics of Metallic Materials”</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Блинов</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Blinov</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор технических наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории конструкционных сталей и сплавов</p><p>119334, Москва, Ленинский пр., 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor, Chief Researcher of the Laboratory of Constructional Steels and Alloys</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мурадян</surname><given-names>С. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Muradyan</surname><given-names>S. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат технических наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории физикохимии и механики металлических материалов</p><p>119334, Москва, Ленинский пр., 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Research Associate of the Laboratory “Physicochemistry and Mechanics of Metallic Materials”</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костина</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostina</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Младший научный сотрудник лаборатории физикохимии и механики металлических материалов</p><p>119334, Москва, Ленинский пр., 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Acting Junior Researcher of the Laboratory “Physicochemistry and Mechanics of Metallic Materials”</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт металлургии и материаловедения им. А.А. Байкова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>62</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>894</fpage><lpage>906</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Костина М.В., Поломошнов П.Ю., Блинов В.М., Мурадян С.О., Костина В.С., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Костина М.В., Поломошнов П.Ю., Блинов В.М., Мурадян С.О., Костина В.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kostina M.V., Polomoshnov P.Y., Blinov V.M., Muradyan S.O., Kostina V.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1763">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1763</self-uri><abstract><p>Исследована хладостойкость лабораторного металла новой азотсодержащей литейной стали аустенитного класса (21 – 22)Cr – 15Mn – 8Ni – 1,5Mo – V (марка 05Х21АГ15Н8МФЛ) c содержанием азота 0,5 % и пределом текучести ~400 МПа. Для нее построена температурная зависимость ударной вязкости в интервале +20 … –160 °С и показано, что сталь характеризуется широким интервалом температур вязко-хрупкого перехода c TDBT = –75 °C, при которой KCV = 120 ± 10 Дж/см2. Материал сравнения – промышленная центробежнолитая 18Cr – 10Ni сталь (марка 12Х18Н10-ЦЛ) такой уровень KCV имеет при +20 °С. Она не склонна к вязко-хрупкому переходу, ее ударная вязкость снижается более полого и при температурах более низких, чем –80 °С, ее уровень KCV оказывается выше, чем у азотистой стали. Однако во всем интервале климатических температур азотистая литая сталь с 0,5 % N превосходит ее по ударной вязкости. Изученные стали имеют в литой структуре остаточный δ-феррит в количестве до ~10 % в Cr– Ni промышленной стали и меньшее количество в лабораторной азотистой, который обогащен хромом до 26 и 34 % (по массе) соответственно и содержит ~14 % Mn в азотистой стали. Его присутствие не влияет на характер изломов при климатических температурах, однако δ-феррит азотистой стали при –160 °С находится за порогом хладноломкости, поэтому ее излом, полученный при этой температуре, содержит многочисленные трещины в кристаллах δ-феррита. Определенная критериальным методом критическая температура хрупкости, ниже которой данный материал не рекомендуется к использованию, ТK ≈ –110 °С. Ей соответствует уровень KCV = 68 – 83 Дж/см2, более высокий, чем уровень KCV при +20 °С, допускаемый стандартом РФ на отливки из сталей аустенитного класса (до 59 Дж/см2). На основании сопоставления литературных и собственных данных сделан вывод, что у экономно легированных никелем (до 4 %) коррозионностойких сталей обеспечение высокой хладостойкости и, одновременно, высокой прочности за счет легирования 0,5 – 0,6 % азота невозможно.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The authors have studied cold resistance of thelaboratorymetal of a new austenitic grade of nitrogen-containing casting steel (21 – 22) Cr – 15Mn – 8Ni – 1.5Mo – V (Russian grade  5Kh21АG15N8МFL) with nitrogen content of 0.5 % and yield strength of ~400 MPa. The temperature dependence of impact toughness was constructed in the range +20 ... –160 °C and it was shown that the steel is characterized by a wide temperature range of the viscous-brittle transition with T DBT = –75 °C, at which KCV = 120 ± 10 J/cm2. Comparison material – industrial, centrifugally cast 18Cr – 10Ni steel (grade 12Kh18N10-CC) has such a KCV level at +20 °C. It is not prone to viscous-brittle transition, its impact strength decreases more gently and at temperatures lower than –80 °C and its KCV level is higher than that of nitrous steel. However, in the entire range of climatic temperatures, nitrous casting steel with 0.5 % of N exceeds its impact strength. The studied steels have residual δ-ferrite in the cast structure in an amount of up to ~10 % in Cr– Ni industrial steel and a smaller amount in laboratory nitrous steel. It is enriched by chromium, up to 26 and 34 wt. % respectively, and contains ~14 % of Mn in nitrogen steel. Presence of Mn does not aﬀect the nature of fractures at climatic temperatures. However, δ-ferrite of nitrous steel at –160 °C is beyond the cold brittle threshold. Therefore, its fracture obtained at this temperature contains numerous cracks in δ-ferrite crystals. The critical fragility temperature below which this material is not recommended for use is Тк ≈ –110 °С; it was determined by the criterion method. It corresponds to a level of KCV of 68 – 83 J/cm2, higher than the level of KCU at +20 °C, allowed by the standard of the Russian Federation for castings from austenitic class of steels (up to 59 J/cm2 ). Based on a comparison of literature and our own data, it was concluded that it is impossible to ensure high cold resistance and, at the same time, high strength, due to alloying of economically alloyed nickel (up to 4 %) corrosion-resistant steels by 0.5 – 0.6 % of N. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>азот</kwd><kwd>литая сталь</kwd><kwd>температура</kwd><kwd>хладостойкость</kwd><kwd>ударная вязкость</kwd><kwd>фрактография</kwd><kwd>вязко-хрупкий переход</kwd><kwd>хрупкость</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nitrogen</kwd><kwd>casting steel</kwd><kwd>cold resistance</kwd><kwd>temperature</kwd><kwd>impact toughness</kwd><kwd>fractography</kwd><kwd>ductile-brittle transition</kwd><kwd>brittleness</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Солнцев Ю. П. 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