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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2019-9-732-738</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-1726</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATERIAL SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПРОЦЕССА УСТАЛОСТИ АВТОМОБИЛЬНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>FATIGUE PROCESS OF AUTOMOBILE MATERIALS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пачурин</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pachurin</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.т.н., профессор кафедры «Производственная безопасность, экология и химия»</p><p> 603022, Россия, Нижний Новгород, ул. Минина, 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor of the Chair “Industrial Safety, Ecology and Chemistry”</p><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гончарова</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goncharova</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры «Автомобильный транспорт»</p><p> 603022, Россия, Нижний Новгород, ул. Минина, 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate of the Chair “Automobile Transport”</p><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филиппов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filippov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.т.н., доцент кафедры «Производственная безопасность, экология и химия»</p><p> 603022, Россия, Нижний Новгород, ул. Минина, 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Professor of the Chair “Industrial Safety, Ecology and Chemistry”</p><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нуждина</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nuzhdina</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.т.н., доцент кафедры «Материаловедение, технологии материалов и термическая обработка металлов»</p><p> 603022, Россия, Нижний Новгород, ул. Минина, 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Professor of the Chair “Materials Science, Technology of Materials and Heat Treatment of Metals”</p><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Деев</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Deev</surname><given-names>V. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.т.н., профессор кафедры «Литейные технологии и художественная обработка материалов»</p><p>430072, No. 34, Hongshance Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China</p><p>119049, Россия, Москва, Ленинский пр., 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor of the Chair “Foundry Technology and Art Processing of Materials”</p><p>Wuhan, China</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">deev.vb@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Нижегородский государственный технический университет им. Р.А. Алексеева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University named after R.E. Alekseev</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уханьский текстильный университет,&#13;
Национальный исследовательский технологический университет «МИСиС»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Wuhan Textile University,&#13;
National University of Science and Technology “MISIS” (MISIS)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>62</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>732</fpage><lpage>738</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пачурин Г.В., Гончарова Д.А., Филиппов А.А., Нуждина Т.В., Деев В.Б., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пачурин Г.В., Гончарова Д.А., Филиппов А.А., Нуждина Т.В., Деев В.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pachurin G.V., Goncharova D.A., Filippov A.A., Nuzhdina T.V., Deev V.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1726">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1726</self-uri><abstract><p>В процессе эксплуатации конструктивные элементы автомобилей испытывают воздействие температур и вибрации. Преобладающее большинство разрушений металлоконструкций вызвано их усталостью. Это обуславливает экономические потери и часто человеческие жертвы от аварий. Поэтому задача обеспечения работоспособности деталей и узлов автомобилей является одной из актуальных в современном автомобилестроении. Для этого нужно знать закономерности поведения металлических материалов, полученных по разным технологиям, при воздействии вибрации. Деструкция структуры металла непосредственно сказывается на поведении прогиба образцов, отражающего конкуренцию двух взаимно противоположных явлений – упрочнения и разупрочнения, напрямую влияющих на структурную повреждаемость металла. Статья посвящена изучению кинетики усталостного разрушения автомобильных материалов с использованием тарировки структурных повреждений их поверхности с поведением кривых изменения текущего прогиба при знакопеременном нагружении. В работе рассматриваются автомобильные материалы (стали 20XI3, 14Х17Н2, 35ХГСА) и модельные металлы и сплавы (Медь М1, Латунь Л63Т, алюминиевый сплав В95пчТ2) в различном структурном состоянии при циклическом нагружении для пониженных, комнатных и повышенных температур с фиксацией прогиба образца и соответствующих ему структурных повреждений. Показана возможность изучения кинетики усталостной деструкции материала образцов по кривым прогиба, представляющим собой интегральную характеристику деструктивных процессов, протекающих при знакопеременном нагружении. По этим процессам можно отслеживать стадии повреждаемости при усталости металлических материалов – повреждение структуры на начальном этапе, момент появления макроскопической трещины, ее последующее продвижение вплоть до полного разделения конструкционного материала. По ним можно выявить соотношение длительности периода до появления трещины усталости и ее последующего роста, а также определить среднюю скорость продвижения усталостной трещины по телу металлического образца. Важным является также то, что по кривым прогиба можно оценивать кинетику деструкции материалов в условиях, когда прямое изучение структурного состояния поверхности образцов невозможно, например, в условиях криогенных и высоких температур или в присутствии коррозионных сред. В сочетании с фрактографическим и металлографическим анализом процесса усталости кривые прогиба позволяют на основании оценки стадий деструкции материалов проводить выбор  последних для конструктивных элементов автомобиля с учетом условий его эксплуатации и оптимизацию технологии изготовления деталей с целью повышения ресурса и ремонтопригодности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>During operation, the structural elements of cars are exposed to temperatures and vibrations. Overwhelming majority of the destruction of metal structures is caused by their fatigue. It causes economic losses and often human casualties from accidents. Therefore, the task of ensuring the operability of parts and components of automobiles is one of the most relevant in the modern automotive industry. So it is necessary to know the patterns of behavior of metallic materials, obtained by different technologies, when they are exposed to vibration. Destruction of the metal structure directly affects the behavior of the samples deflection, reflecting the competition of two mutually oppositephenomena – hardening and softening. It directly influences structural damageability of the metal. The article is devoted to the study of kinetics of fatigue failure of automotive materials using the calibration of structural damage to their surface with behavior of the curves of changes in current deflection under alternating loading. The paper considers automotive materials (steel grades 20KhI3, 14Kh17N2, 35KhGSА) and model metals and alloys (Copper M1, Brass L63T, aluminum alloy V95pchT2) in different structural state under cyclic loading for low, room and high temperatures with fixation of the sample deflection and structural damage corresponding to it. It is possible to study kinetics of fatigue destruction of the sample material by the deflection curves, which is an integral characteristic of destructive processes occurring under alternating loading. Using these processes, one can track the stages of damage during fatigue of metallic materials – damage to the structure at the initial stage, moment of the macroscopic crack appearance, its subsequent advancement up to complete separation of the structural material. It is probable to identify ratio of the period duration before the appearance of a fatigue crack and its subsequent growth, as well as to determine the average rate at which the fatigue crack moves through the body of the metal sample. It is important that it is also possible to estimate the kinetics of materials destruction under the conditions when direct study of the structural state of the sample surface is impossible, for example, in conditions of cryogenic and high temperatures, and also, for example, in the presence of corrosive media. In combination with fractographic and metallographic analysis of the fatigue process, the deflection curves allow, based on the evaluation of the stages of materials destruction, to carry out selection of the latter for the structural elements of a car taking into account its operating conditions and optimizing the technology of parts manufacturing to increase serviceability and maintainability. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>автомобильные металлы и сплавы</kwd><kwd>кривые изменения текущего прогиба образцов</kwd><kwd>структурная повреждаемость металлических материалов</kwd><kwd>циклическое нагружение металлов и сплавов</kwd><kwd>сопротивление усталостному разрушению материалов при разных температурах</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>automotive metals and alloys</kwd><kwd>curves of changes</kwd><kwd>samples current deflection</kwd><kwd>structural damageability of metallic materials</kwd><kwd>cyclic loading of metals and alloys</kwd><kwd>resistance to fatigue failure of materials at different temperatures</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пачурин Г.В., Кудрявцев С.М., Соловьев Д.В., Наумов В.И. 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