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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2019-8-621-626</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-1693</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATERIAL SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Об износостойкости стальсодержащих композитов в экстремальных условиях трения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Оn wear resistance of steel-containing composites under extreme friction conditions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фадин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fadin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.т.н., доцент, старший научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Professor, Senior Researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fvv@ispms.tsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колубаев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolubaev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.ф.-м.н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Phys.-math.), Professor, Chief Researcher, Head of the Laboratory</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kav@ispms.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алеутдинова</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aleutdinova</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.т.н., научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Research Associate</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aleut@ispms.tsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт физики прочности и материаловедения СО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science SB RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>09</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>62</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>621</fpage><lpage>626</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Фадин В.В., Колубаев А.В., Алеутдинова М.И., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фадин В.В., Колубаев А.В., Алеутдинова М.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fadin V.V., Kolubaev A.V., Aleutdinova M.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1693">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1693</self-uri><abstract><p>Изучена взаимосвязь механизмов разрушения поверхностного слоя порошковых композитов и элементных составов их первичных структур в экстремальных условиях трения. Экстремальные условия заданы скольжением под высоким (более 100 МПа) давлением в граничной смазке или сухим скольжением под электрическим током высокой (более 100 А/см2) плотности. Это вызывало пластическую деформацию поверхностных слоев и их разрушение вследствие малоцикловой усталости. Высокая износостойкость материалов в таких условиях должна быть достигнута за счет удовлетворительной релаксации напряжений в поверхностных слоях. Предполагается, что напряжения должны быть релаксированы за счет локальной пластической деформации в окрестности возникающих концентраторов напряжений. Легкость пластической деформации (и релаксации) должна быть обеспечена за счет снижения легирования структурных составляющих композитов (т.е. отсутствия твердых растворов). Композиты составов Cu – сталь (сплав) – TiC, полученные методом самораспространяющегося высокотемпературного синтеза с одновременным прессованием горящей шихты, имели сильную адгезию в скользящем контакте и проявили низкую износостойкость при граничном трении под высокими давлениями. Отсутствие твердых растворов в первичной структуре композита Cu – Fe – TiC соответствовало высокой износостойкости вследствие отсутствия адгезии в контакте и легкой релаксации напряжений. Композиты составов Cu – сталь – графит, изготовленные спеканием в вакууме, проявили сильную адгезию в сухом скользящем электрическом контакте и низкую износостойкость вследствие высокого содержания легирующих элементов. Отсутствие растворов в композите состава Cu – Fe – графит обусловило отсутствие адгезии в контакте и соответствующую высокую износостойкость. Кроме того, напряжения в поверхностном слое релаксировались также путем образования оксида FeO в контактном пространстве при скольжении с токосъемом. Композиты, содержащие твердые растворы, были не способны к образованию оксида FeO на поверхности скольжения. Это было дополнительной причиной реализации низкой износостойкости. Отмечено, что твердые растворы вызывали снижение теплопроводности поверхностного слоя. Это приводило к увеличению градиентов температуры на поверхности скольжения и к соответствующему ускорению разрушения зоны трения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The interrelation between the mechanisms of surface layer deterioration of powder composites and the elemental compositions of their primary structures under extreme conditions of friction was studied. Extreme conditions were set by sliding under high pressure (higher 100 MPa) in boundary lubrication or by dry sliding under high density electric current (higher 100 A/cm2). It caused plastic deformation of the surface layers and their deterioration due to lowcycle fatigue. High wear resistance of materials in such conditions should be achieved due to satisfactory stress relaxation in the surface layers. It was suggested that stresses should be relaxed due to local plastic deformation in vicinity of the emerging stress concentrators. The ease of plastic deformation (and ease of relaxation) should be ensured by reducing the doping of the composites structural components, i.e. due to the lack of solid solutions. It was shown that the composites having the Cu – steel (alloy) – TiC compositions obtained by the method of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis with simultaneous pressing of the burning charge had strong adhesion in the sliding contact and showed low wear resistance under high pressures boundary friction. The absence of solid solutions in the primary structure of the Cu – Fe – TiC composite corresponded to high wear resistance due to the absence of adhesion in the contact and easy stress relaxation. Composites of Cu – steel-graphite compounds, made by sintering in vacuum, showed strong adhesion in a dry sliding electrical contact and low wear resistance due to the high content of alloying elements. It was noted that the absence of solutions in the composite composition of Cu – Fe – graphite caused the absence of adhesion in contact and the corresponding high wear resistance. In addition, stresses in the surface layer were also relaxed by the formation of FeO oxide in the contact space during sliding with the current collector. Composites containing solid solutions were not capable of forming FeO oxide on the sliding surface. It was an additional reason for the low wear resistance realization. It was noted that solid solutions caused a decrease in the thermal conductivity of the surface layer. Therefore, it led to an increase in temperature gradients on the sliding surface and to a сorresponding acceleration of the friction zone deterioration.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экстремальные условия трения</kwd><kwd>высокое контактное давление</kwd><kwd>скользящий электроконтакт</kwd><kwd>разрушение поверхностного слоя</kwd><kwd>релаксация напряжений</kwd><kwd>твердый раствор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>extreme friction conditions</kwd><kwd>high contact pressure</kwd><kwd>sliding electrical contact</kwd><kwd>surface layer deterioration</kwd><kwd>stress relaxation</kwd><kwd>catastrophic wear</kwd><kwd>solid solution</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kragelsky I.V., Dobychin M.N., Kombalov V.S. Friction and Wear. 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