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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2019-3-246-251</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-1640</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>В ПОРЯДКЕ ДИСКУССИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>IN ORDER OF DISCUSSION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЕ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКОГО ПОЛЯ НА СОДЕРЖАНИЕ ГАЗОВ В ЧУГУНЕ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>EFFECT OF ELECTRIC FIELD ON GAS CONTENT OF CAST IRON</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грачев</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grachev</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>член-корреспондент РАН, д.т.н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>119991, Россия, Москва, Ленинский пр., 31</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Corresponding Member of Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor, Chief Researcher</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">grachev@niipe.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт физической химии и электрохимии им. А.Н. Фрумкина РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS (IPCE RAS)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>06</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>62</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>246</fpage><lpage>251</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Грачев В.А., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Грачев В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Grachev V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1640">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1640</self-uri><abstract><p>Экспериментально установлено влияние электрического поля на содержание газов в чугуне на основе электрохимических исследований в системе жидкий чугун – шлак – газовая фаза. Автором проведены исследования, имеющие своей конечной целью получение экономнолегированного никелем чугуна, не уступающего по своим механическим и эксплуатационным характеристикам чугуну типа «нирезист». С этой целью исследованы аустенитные чугуны, предварительно выплавленные в индукционной печи с электрокорундовой футеровкой. Приготовленные из полученного чугуна специальные образцы были подвергнуты дальнейшей обработке электрическим полем с целью изучения влияния статического электрического поля на фиксацию атомарного азота в сплаве и, в конечном итоге, на структуру металлической матрицы. Как следует из полученных данных, этот эффект можно усилить приложением электрического ноля, причем наложение отрицательного заряда на металл оказывается более эффективным, хотя и при аноде – металле происходит некоторое «удержание» азота в чугуне. Это можно объяснить тем, что в первоначальный момент времени между подвижным (свободным) электродом и поверхностью расплава существует стационарное электрическое поле, в котором заряженные частицы неподвижны в данной системе отчета, что фиксируется включенными в схему амперметрами как отсутствие тока. Наложение статического электрического поля способствует удержанию азота в чугуне. При 8 – 9 % Ni, как показали дальнейшие опыты, необходимо приложить значительное напряжение, чтобы это влияние проявилось. Исследования показали, что вопрос о стабилизации аустенита азотом в чугуне не так прост и, видимо, влияние поля при введении азотированного феррохрома сказывается на разложении нитридов, перезарядке ионов азота и неравновесных условиях их диффузии и выхода в газовую фазу. Это подтверждается большим разбросом в анализах азота. Некоторые образцы содержали 0,04 – 0,05 % N (с введением азотированного феррохрома и «минусом» на металле), но большинство анализов показывают более низкие значения. Для литейного производства представляет также интерес раскисление электрохимическими методами таких сплавов, которые трудно раскислить другими методами, например, алюминиевый чугун. Алюминий является активным элементом, который при неблагоприятной раскладке массопотоков нелегко удалить даже кальцием. Это приводит к появлению в металле включений Al2O3 , имеющих плотность, близкую к расплаву, что осложняет их коагуляцию и всплывание. Было опробовано двойное раскисление. После выдержки расплава в течение 1 ч его ЭДС «вернулась» почти к исходному состоянию (0,8 В). Дальнейшее раскисление расплава в течение 15 мин снизило его окисленность в 3 раза по сравнению с начальным. Таким образом, в опытах доказана принципиальная возможность раскисления чугуна и целесообразность двойного раскисления. В итоге предложен способ воздействия электрическим полем на содержание газов в чугуне и способ практического применения электрохимического раскисления железоуглеродистых сплавов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The effect of electric field on the gas content of cast iron has been experimentally established on the basis of electrochemical studies in the system “liquid cast iron – slag – gas phase”. The author has carried out the studies aimed at obtaining cast iron sparingly alloyed with nickel, equal to Ni-resist cast iron in its mechanical and performance characteristics. For this purpose, austenitic cast irons melted in induction furnace with electrocorundum lining have been studied. Samples prepared from the obtained cast iron have been subjected to further treatment with electric field in order to research the influence of static electric field on fixation of atomic nitrogen in the alloy, and ultimately, on the structure of metal matrix. According to the experimental data, the effect can be enhanced by application of electric field. The application of negative charge to metal appears to be more effective, although, in case of anode metal, certain “capture” of nitrogen in cast iron also occurs. This may be explained by the fact that, at the initial moment of time, there is a stationary electric field between the movable (free) electrode and surface of the melt, where the charged particles are stationary in this reference frame, which is registered as no current by ampere-meters integrated in the circuit. The application of static electric field facilitates is capture of nitrogen in cast iron. According to further experiments, at 8 – 9 % of Ni, it is necessary to apply significant voltage for the manifestation of this influence. The studies have shown that the issue of stabilizing austenite with nitrogen in cast iron was not so simple, and, apparently, the influence of the field in case of the introduction of nitrided ferrochrome affected decomposition of nitrides, recharging of nitrogen ions, and non-equilibrium conditions of their diffusion and transition to gaseous phase. It was confirmed by a wide variation of the results of nitrogen analyses. Some samples have shown 0.04 – 0.05 % of N (with the introduction of nitrided ferrochrome, and a “minus” applied to metal), but most analyses have indicated considerably lower values. For foundry industry, electrochemical deoxidation of alloys that are difficult to deoxide by other methods, e.g. aluminum cast iron alloy, is of particular interest. Aluminum is an active element, which, in case of unfavorable arrangement of mass flows, is difficult to remove even using calcium. It leads to the emergence of Al2O3 inclusions in metal with the density close to melt, which complicates their coagulation and emersion. A double deoxidation has been tried. After the melt’s exposure lasted for 1 hour, its EMF has almost “returned” to its initial state (0.8 V). The subsequent deoxidation of melt for 15 minutes facilitated three-fold decrease in oxidation degree as compared to the initial one. Thus, the possibility of electrochemical deoxidation of iron-carbon melts and expediency of double deoxidation have been experimentally proved. As a result, the method of applying electric field in order to change the gas content of cast iron, as well as the method of practical application of electrochemical deoxidation of iron-carbon alloys have been suggested.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>содержание газов в чугуне</kwd><kwd>воздействие электрическим полем</kwd><kwd>электрохимическое раскисление железоуглеродистых сплавов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gas content of cast iron</kwd><kwd>electric field application</kwd><kwd>electrochemical deoxidation</kwd><kwd>iron-carbon alloy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">А. с. 249405. СССР. Способ плавки металла / В.А. Грачев, А.А. Черный и др. 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