blackmetИзвестия высших учебных заведений. Черная МеталлургияIzvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy0368-07972410-2091National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"10.17073/0368-0797-2019-3-173-187blackmet-1628Research ArticleСтатьиАЗОТИСТЫЕ И ВЫСОКОАЗОТИСТЫЕ СТАЛИ. ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ И СВОЙСТВАNITROGEN STEELS AND HIGH NITROGEN STEELS. INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGIES AND PROPERTIESСвяжинА. Г.SvyazhinA. G.

д.т.н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник кафедры металлургии стали, новых производственных технологий и защиты металлов

119049, Россия, Москва, Ленинский пр., 4

Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor, Chief Researcher of the Chair of Metallurgy of Steel, New Production Technologies and Metal Protection

Moscow

svyazhin@misis.ruКапуткинаЛ. М.KaputkinaL. M.

д.ф.-м.н, профессор, главный научный сотрудник кафедры обработки металлов давлением

119049, Россия, Москва, Ленинский пр., 4

Dr. Sci. (Phys.–Math.), Professor, Chief Researcher of the Chair “Metal Forming”

Moscow

Национальный исследовательский технологический университет «МИСиС»РоссияNational University of Science and Technology “MISIS” (MISIS)Russian Federation201919062019623173187Copyright © Свяжин А.Г., Капуткина Л.М., 20192019Свяжин А.Г., Капуткина Л.М.Svyazhin A.G., Kaputkina L.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1628

Давление азота при выплавке может быть основой для наиболее общей классификации сталей, легированных азотом. Азотистые стали получают при нормальном давлении, высокоазотистые – при давлении выше атмосферного в специальных агрегатах. Азот, как и углерод, также упрочняет аустенит, но повышает его термическую стабильность, имеет меньшие размеры ионов и большую растворимость в α- и γ-фазах. Результатом является меньший размер нитридов, меньшая поверхностная энергия, больший упрочняющий эффект и возможность одновременного повышения прочности и коррозионной стойкости аустенита. В работе рассмотрены механизм влияния азота на свойства стали, термодинамика и кинетика легирования стали азотом, критические концентрации азота, влияние азота на свойства стали. В настоящее время нет единой сбалансированной базы данных и термодинамической модели. Поэтому произвольный выбор значений константы равновесия и параметров взаимодействия по табличным данным уменьшает точность расчетов растворимости азота в стали. В сложившейся ситуации лучше использовать экспериментальные данные для конкретного сплава из оригинальных работ. При выборе данных нужно ориентироваться на следующие контрольные величины: KN = 0,044, A ≥ 600. Растворимость азота в жидком металле, α- и γ-фазах существенно различна. Критическая концентрация азота Nk, превышение которой при затвердевании стали приводит к образованию пузырей и пор, зависит от состава стали. В настоящее время приемлемые результаты при определении критической концентрации азота могут быть получены из следующего условия: в течение всего времени затвердевания содержание азота в остаточной жидкости должно быть меньше его равновесного с общим давлением в системе содержания в жидком металле при той же температуре. Приведены примеры азотистых и высокоазотистых сталей, в том числе сталей со специальными свойствами, таких как коррозионностойкие в биоактивных средах, бактерицидные стали, стали, легированные по схеме C + N.

Nitrogen pressure can be a basis for the most general classification of steel, alloyed by nitrogen. Nitrogen steels are made under normal pressure, high nitrogen steels are made under pressure that is higher than atmospheric in special units. Nitrogen, as well as carbon, also strengthens austenite, but increases thermal stability of austenite, has the smaller sizes of ions and high solubility in γ- and α-phases. The result is smaller size of nitrides, smaller superficial energy, their higher strengthening effect and possibility of simultaneous increase in durability and corrosion resistance of austenite. The article considers the mechanisms of nitrogen influence on properties of steel, thermodynamics and kinetics of steels alloying with nitrogen, critical concentration of nitrogen and influence of nitrogen on properties of steel. There is no uniform balanced database and thermodynamic model now. Therefore any choice of values of equilibrium constant and parameters of interaction according to tabular data reduces the accuracy of calculations of nitrogen solubility in steel. In the circumstances it is better to use experimental data for concrete alloy from original works. At the choice of data it is necessary to be guided by the following control values: KN = 0,044, A ≥ 600. The nitrogen solubility in liquid metal, in α- and γ-phases is significantly various. Critical nitrogen concentration Nk, which excess leads to formation of bubbles and interstices at steel solidification, depends on composition of steel. Now the acceptable results when determining critical nitrogen concentration, can be received from the following condition: during the whole time of solidification the nitrogen content in residual liquid has to be less its equilibrium with the general pressure in the system of content in liquid metal at the same temperature T. Examples of nitrogen and high nitrogen steels, including steels with special properties, such as corrosion-resistant in bioactive environments, bactericidal steel, alloyed according on the scheme C + N steels, are given.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.