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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2019-2-154-162</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-1589</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>В ПОРЯДКЕ ДИСКУССИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>IN ORDER OF DISCUSSION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>АЛЮМИНОБАРОТЕРМИЧЕСКИЙ СИНТЕЗ ВЫСОКОАЗОТИСТОЙ СТАЛИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>ALUMINOBAROTHERMIC SYNTHESIS OF HIGH-NITROGEN STEEL</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ладьянов</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lad’yanov</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.ф.-м.н., заведующий отделом структурно-фазовых превращений</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Head of Department of Structural and Phase Transformations</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">las@ftiudm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дорофеев</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dorofeev</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.ф.-м.н., главный научный сотрудник отдела структурно-фазовых превращений</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Chief Researcher of Department of Structural and Phase Transformations</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gadorofeev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьминых</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuz’minykh</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ведущий инженер-технолог</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Engineer-Technologist</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карев</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karev</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ведущий инженер-технолог</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Engineer-Technologist</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лубнин</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lubnin</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.ф.-м.н., научный сотрудник отдела структурно-фазовых превращений</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Research Associate of Department of Structural and Phase Transformations</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">qrcad@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Удмуртский федеральный исследовательский центр УрО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Udmurt Federal Research Centre, Ural Branch of RAS, Izhevsk, Udmurtian Republic</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>03</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>62</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>154</fpage><lpage>162</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ладьянов В.И., Дорофеев Г.А., Кузьминых Е.В., Карев В.А., Лубнин А.Н., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ладьянов В.И., Дорофеев Г.А., Кузьминых Е.В., Карев В.А., Лубнин А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lad’yanov V.I., Dorofeev G.A., Kuz’minykh E.V., Karev V.A., Lubnin A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1589">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1589</self-uri><abstract><p>Высокоазотистые аустенитные стали являются перспективными материалами, обладающими высокими прочностью, пластичностью и коррозионной стойкостью. Однако для производства высокоазотистой стали традиционными методами (под высоким давлением азота) требуется энергоемкое и сложное металлургическое оборудование. С точки зрения энергосбережения альтернативным и более простым в исполнении методом получения высокоазотистых сталей может являться алюминотермия (восстановление оксидов металлов металлическим алюминием) под давлением азота. В настоящей работе проведено термодинамическое моделирование алюминотермических реакций в атмосфере азота. Методом алюминотермии под давлением азота выплавлены высокоазотистые безникелевые (Cr – N и Cr – Mn – N) нержавеющие стали с содержанием азота около 1  %. Исследованы их структура (методами рентгеновской дифракции, металлографии и просвечивающей электронной микроскопии) и механические свойства. Термодинамический анализ показал, что алюминотермические реакции восстановления не идут до конца. Наиболее важным параметром синтеза является соотношение количеств алюминия и кислорода в шихте, правильным выбором которого обеспечивается компромисс между полнотой восстановления оксидов, содержанием алюминия и кислорода в стали (степенью раскисления), а также загрязненностью ее нитридом алюминия. Слитки (Cr – N) стали в литом состоянии имели структуру азотистого перлита (феррито-нитридная смесь), а Cr – Mn – N стали – феррито-аустенитную структуру с признаками прерывистого распада аустенита с выделением нитрида Cr2 N. Закалка приводила к полной аустенитизации обеих сталей. Согласие полученного из дифрактограмм параметра решетки аустенита закаленной Cr – Mn – N стали с ожидаемым параметром по известной концентрационной зависимости для Cr – Mn – N сталей свидетельствовало о том, что все легирующие элементы (включая азот) растворены в аустените в результате выдержки при температуре закалки и зафиксированы в твердом растворе закалкой. Исследование механических свойств закаленной Cr – Mn – N стали показало сочетание высоких значений прочности и пластичности. Сделан вывод, что методом алюминотермии может быть получена высокоазотистая сталь, по механическим свойствам не уступающая промышленным сталям-аналогам, полученным электрошлаковым переплавом под давлением азота.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>High-nitrogen austenitic steels are promising materials, combining high strength, plasticity and corrosion resistance properties. However, to produce high-nitrogen steel by conventional metallurgical methods under high nitrogen pressure, powerful and complex metallurgical equipment is required. From energy-saving viewpoint, an alternative and simpler method for producing high-nitrogen steels can be aluminothermy (reduction of metal oxides by metallic aluminum) under nitrogen pressure. Thermodynamic modeling of aluminothermic reactions in a nitrogen atmosphere was carried out by the authors. Aluminothermy under nitrogen pressure was used to produce high-nitrogen nickel-free Cr – N and Cr – Mn – N stainless steels with a nitrogen content of about 1  %. Microstructure (X-ray diffraction, metallography and transmission electron microscopy techniques) and mechanical properties were examined. Thermodynamic analysis has shown that the aluminothermic reduction reactions do not go to the end. The most important parameter of the synthesis is the ratio of Al and oxygen in the charge, the correct choice of which provides a compromise between completeness of oxides reduction, content of aluminum and oxygen in steel (the degree of deoxidation), and its contamination with aluminum nitride. Cr – N steel ingots in the cast state had the structure of nitrogen perlite (ferrite-nitride mixture), and Cr – Mn – N steel – ferrite-austenite structure with attributes of austenite discontinuous decomposition with Cr2 N precipitations. Quenching resulted in complete austenization of both steels. The compliance of the austenite lattice parameter obtained from the diffractograms for quenched Cr – Mn – N steel with the parameter predicted from the known concentration dependence for Cr – Mn – N austenitic steels indicated that all alloying elements (including nitrogen) were dissolved in austenite during aging at quenching temperature and fixed in the solid solution by quenching. Study of the mechanical properties of quenched Cr – Mn – N steel has shown a combination of high strength and ductility. It is concluded that by the aluminothermic method a high-nitrogen steel can be obtained, which, by mechanical properties, is not inferior to industrial steel  – analog manufacted by electroslag remelting under nitrogen pressure.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>высокоазотистые стали</kwd><kwd>алюминотермия под давлением азота</kwd><kwd>термодинамика</kwd><kwd>структура</kwd><kwd>механические свойства</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>high-nitrogen steels</kwd><kwd>aluminothermy under nitrogen pressure</kwd><kwd>thermodynamics</kwd><kwd>structure</kwd><kwd>mechanical properties</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шпайдель М.О. Новые азотсодержащие аустенитные нержавеющие стали с высокими прочностью и пластичностью // Металловедение и термическая обработка металлов. 2005. № 11. 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