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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2019-2-128-133</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-1585</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ МЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICO-CHEMICAL BASICS OF METALLURGICAL PROCESSES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>НЕКОТОРЫЕ ТЕРМОДИНАМИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ WO3 АЛЮМИНИЕМ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>SOME THERMODYNAMIC ASPECTS OF WO3  REDUCTION BY ALUMINUM</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крюков</surname><given-names>P. E.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kryukov</surname><given-names>R. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.т.н., доцент кафедры материаловедения, литейного и сварочного производства</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Professor of the Chair “Materials, Foundry and Welding Production”</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rek_nzrmk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бендре</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bendre</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.х.н., доцент кафедры естественнонаучных дисциплин им. проф. В.М. Финкеля</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Chem.), Assist. Professor of the Chair of Science named after V.M. Finkel</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bendre@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горюшкин</surname><given-names>В. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goryushkin</surname><given-names>V. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.х.н., профессор кафедры естественнонаучных дисциплин им. проф. В.М. Финкеля</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Chem.), Professor the Chair of Science named after V.M. Finkel</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">koax@sibsiu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козырев</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozyrev</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.т.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой материаловедения, литейного и сварочного производства</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor, Head of the Chair “Materials, Foundry and Welding Production”</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kozyrev_na@mtsp.sibsiu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шурупов</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shurupov</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры материаловедения, литейного и сварочного производства</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate of the Chair “Materials, Foundry and Welding Production”</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">grand1966@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сибирский государственный индустриальный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Industrial University, Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>03</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>62</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>128</fpage><lpage>133</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Крюков P.E., Бендре Ю.В., Горюшкин В.Ф., Козырев Н.А., Шурупов В.М., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Крюков P.E., Бендре Ю.В., Горюшкин В.Ф., Козырев Н.А., Шурупов В.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kryukov R.E., Bendre Y.V., Goryushkin V.F., Kozyrev N.A., Shurupov V.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1585">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1585</self-uri><abstract><p>Для практического применения с целью ресурсосбережения вольфрама большой интерес представляет технология дуговой наплавки порошковой проволокой, в которой в качестве наполнителей используются оксид вольфрама WO3 и восстановитель – алюминий. В работе по табличным термодинамическим данным реагентов проведена термодинамическая оценка вероятности протекания 14  реакций между ними в стандартных условиях в интервале температур 1500  –  3500  К. Этот интервал включает в себя температуру на поверхности капли на электроде в момент ее отрыва, а также температуры на периферии дуги и в верхних слоях наплавочной ванны. В качестве стандартных состояний для реагентов рассматривали WO3(тв), WO3(ж), WO3(г), Al(ref), Al(ж), Al(г), Al2(г), а в качестве возможных продуктов реакции и стандартных состояний для них W(ref), W(ж), W(г), Al2O3 (тв, ж), Al2O3 (ж), AlO(г), AlO2 (г), Al2O(г), Al2O2 (г). Реакции восстановления оксида записывали на 1 моль O2 . Вероятность протекания реакций оценивали по стандартной энергии Гиббса реакций. Расчеты проводили в четыре этапа. На первом и втором этапах расчета установили агрегатные состояния оксида и металла и структуру паров алюминия, в  которых оксид и металл имеют наибольшее химическое сродство друг к другу. На третьем и четвертом этапах расчета определили наиболее вероятное состояние для металлического вольфрама и наиболее вероятный состав и агрегатное состояние образующегося в результате алюминотермии оксида алюминия из Al2O3 (тв, ж), Al2 O3(ж), AlO(г), AlO2 (г), Al2O(г), Al2O2 (г). Согласно диаграмме состояния системы алюминий – вольфрам имеется целый ряд промежуточных соединений между вольфрамом и алюминием: W2 Al, WAl3 , WAl4 , WAl5 , WAl7 , WAl12 . Однако из термодинамических свойств имеются данные только по характеру плавления (конгруэнтное или инконгруэнтное) и  температуре превращения. Других термодинамических данных нет. Вместе с тем, основываясь на результатах работ по восстановлению оксида вольфрама углеродом и кремнием, можно прогнозировать, что алюминиды вольфрама будут обязательно образовываться. Проведенный термодинамический анализ показывает, что присутствие в используемой для наплавки порошковой проволоке наряду с оксидом вольфрама WO3 в качестве восстановителя алюминия обязательно приведет к протеканию восстановительных реакций с образованием алюминидов вольфрама, а возможно, и самого вольфрама. Оксид вольфрама в состоянии WO3 (г) имеет наивысшую реакционную способность. Алюминий в виде Al2 (г) и Al(г) обладает наивысшим химическим сродством к оксиду вольфрама WO3 (г). В качестве продукта окисления алюминия наиболее вероятно образование оксида Al2O(г).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Technology of arc surfacing using flux cored wire, in which tungsten oxide (WO3) and aluminum are used as fillers, is of interest for practical application in order to save tungsten. Thermodynamic estimation of probability of 14 reactions between them under standard conditions was carried out using tabular thermodynamic data of reagents in temperature range 1500  –  3500  K. This interval includes temperature at the drop surface on the electrode at time of separation, so are temperatures at the arc periphery and in the upper layers of surfacing bath. The following states were considered as standard states for reagents: WO3(solid), WO3(liquid), WO3(gas); Al(ref), Al(liquid), Al(gas), Al2(gas), and as possible reaction products and standard states for them: W(ref), W(liquid), W(gas), Al2O3(solid), W; Al2O3(liquid), AlO(gas), AlO2(gas), Al2O(gas), Al2O2(gas). Reduction reactions of the oxide were recorded at 1 mole O2 . Probability of reactions was evaluated using standard Gibbs energy of reactions. Calculations were carried out in four stages. Aggregate states of oxide, metal and structure of aluminum vapor, in which oxide and metal have the greatest chemical affinity for each other were established on the first and second stages. At the third and fourth stages, the most probable state was determined for metallic tungsten and the most probable composition, and aggregate state of aluminum oxide formed as a result of alumothermy of Al2O3(solid, liquid); Al2O3(liquid); AlO(gas); AlO2(gas); Al2O(gas); Al2O2(gas). According to Al – W system state diagram, there are a number of intermediates between tungsten and aluminum: W2Al, WAl3 , WAl4 , WAl5 , WAl7 , WAl12 ; however, a search for thermodynamic properties for them shows that data are available only on melting pattern (congruent or in-congruent) and temperature of transformation. No other thermodynamic data. At the same time, based on results of our previous work on restoration of tungsten oxide by carbon and silicon, it can be predicted that aluminides of a free-frame will necessarily be formed. Performed thermodynamic analysis shows that presence in flux-cored wire used for surfacing, along with tungsten oxide WO3 as an aluminum reducing agent, will necessarily lead to occurrence of reduction reactions with formation of tungsten aluminides, and possibly tungsten itself. Tungsten oxide has the highest reactivity, being in state of WO3(gas). Aluminum itself has the highest chemical affinity for WO3(gas) in form of Al2(gas) and Al(gas). Al2O(gas) appears most likely as an oxidation product of aluminum.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>термодинамический анализ</kwd><kwd>энергия Гиббса реакции</kwd><kwd>порошковая проволока</kwd><kwd>оксид вольфрама</kwd><kwd>алюминий</kwd><kwd>дуговая наплавка</kwd><kwd>восстановление</kwd><kwd>вольфрам</kwd><kwd>оксиды алюминия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thermodynamic analysis</kwd><kwd>Gibbs energy of reaction</kwd><kwd>flux-cored wire</kwd><kwd>tungsten oxide</kwd><kwd>aluminum</kwd><kwd>arc surfacing</kwd><kwd>reduction</kwd><kwd>tungsten</kwd><kwd>aluminum oxides</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Metlitskii V.A. Flux-cored wires for arc welding and surfacing of cast iron // Welding International. 2008. Vol. 22. P. 796 – 800.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Metlitskii V.A. 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