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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2018-11-884-890</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-1503</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METALLURGICAL TECHNOLOGIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Упругопластический изгиб круглого стального бруса. Сообщение 2. Остаточные напряжения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Elastoplastic bend of round steel beam. Message 2. Residual stresses</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шинкин</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shinkin</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор физико-математических наук, профессор кафедры физики.</p><p>119991,   Москва, Ленинский пр., 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Phys.–Math.), Professor of the Chair of Physics.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shinkin-korolev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский технологический университет «МИСиС»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National University of Science and Technology “MISIS” (MISIS)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>12</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>61</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>884</fpage><lpage>890</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шинкин В.Н., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шинкин В.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shinkin V.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1503">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1503</self-uri><abstract><p>Остаточные (вредные) напряжения в металлах могут приводить к дефектам при их формовке и разрушению металлоконструкций при длительной эксплуатации. Приводящее к возникновению остаточных напряжений течение металла при его формовке может иметь пластическую природу (как в ковких металлах) или вызываться медленной необратимой ползучестью при повышенной температуре и продолжительном действии нагрузок. В вязкоупругих средах оно может обусловливаться вязкими частями деформации, которые могут накапливаться, когда тело находится в деформированном состоянии в течение большого промежутка времени. Остаточные напряжения оказывают влияние также и на микроструктуру металлов и могут присутствовать внутри и вокруг кристаллических зерен в качестве микроостаточных напряжений, которые называют скрытыми упругими напряжениями. Иногда остаточные напряжения называют собственными напряжениями по аналогии с собственными функциями, введенными математиками для обозначения функций, которые соответствуют определенным значениям (собственным значениям) параметров дифференциального уравнения при заданных граничных условиях. Понятие внутренних напряжений было предложено как общее понятие для этого типа напряжений, создаваемых самим телом. Термин остаточные напряжения закрепляется за случаем, когда внутренние напряжения обусловлены необратимым деформированием. Помимо зарождения благоприятной системы остаточных напряжений, в дисках из ковких металлов с ярко выраженным деформационным упрочнением будет также происходить местное возрастание прочности при условии, что эффект Баушингера не аннулирует достигнутых преимуществ. Ниже изучены экстремальные значения остаточных напряжений прямого цилиндрического стального стержня (бруса) при изгибе.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The residual stresses in metals can lead to the defects in metals during their forming and to destruction of metal structures during their long-term operation. The resulting residual stresses during metal forming can be of plastic nature, as in the malleable metals, or caused by a slow irreversible creep at the increased temperatures and prolonged action of loads. In the viscoelastic mediums, it can be caused by the viscous parts of deformation that can accumulate when the body is deformed for a long period of time. The residual stresses also have an effect on the metals microstructure and can present inside and around the crystalline grains as the micro-residual stresses, which are called the hidden elastic stresses. Sometimes the residual stresses are called the eigenstresses by an analogy with the eigenfunctions, introduced by the mathematicians to denote the functions that correspond to the certain values (the eigenvalues) of parameters of the differential equation under the given boundary conditions. The concept of the internal stresses was proposed as a general concept for this type of stresses, created by the body itself; the term residual stresses is assigned to the case, when the internal stresses are caused by the irreversible deformation. In addition to the emergence of favorable system of residual stresses in the discs of malleable metals with a pronounced deformation hardening, there will also be a local increase in strength, provided that the Bauschinger’s effect does not negate the achieved advantages. The extreme values of residual stresses of a straight cylindrical steel rod (beam) during bending are studied below.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цилиндрический стержень</kwd><kwd>изгиб</kwd><kwd>кривизна</kwd><kwd>остаточные напряжения</kwd><kwd>остаточные деформации</kwd><kwd>упрочнение металла</kwd><kwd>механические модули</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cylindrical rod</kwd><kwd>bend</kwd><kwd>curvature</kwd><kwd>residual stresses</kwd><kwd>residual deformation</kwd><kwd>hardening of metal</kwd><kwd>mechanical modules</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Banabic D. Multiscale modeling in sheet metal forming. - Springer, 2016. - 405 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Banabic D. Multiscale modeling in sheet metal forming. 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