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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2018-11-843-858</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-1499</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METALLURGICAL TECHNOLOGIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Обзор мировой практики переработки красных шламов. Часть 1. Пирометаллургические способы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Global recycling experience of red mud - a review. Part i: pyrometallurgical methods</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зиновеев</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zinoveev</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Младший научный сотрудник лаборатории «Физико-химия и технология переработки железорудного сырья».</p><p>119334, Москва, Ленинский пр., 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher of the Laboratory “Physicoche-mistry and technology of iron ore processing".</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ZinoveevIHET@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грудинский</surname><given-names>П. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grudinskii</surname><given-names>P. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Младший научный сотрудник.</p><p>119334, Москва, Ленинский пр., 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дюбанов</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dyubanov</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат технических наук, заведующий лабораторией «Физико-химия и технология переработки железорудного сырья».</p><p>119334, Москва, Ленинский пр., 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand Sci. (Eng.), Head of the Laboratory “Physico-chemistry and technology of iron ore processing".</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dyuba@ultra.imet.ac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коваленко</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalenko</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор технических наук, профессор, заведующий лабораторией новых металлургических процессов.</p><p>119334, Москва, Ленинский пр., 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor, Head of the Laboratory of New Metallurgical Processes.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Леонтьев</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Leont’ev</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Академик РАН, советник, доктор технических наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник.</p><p>119334, Москва, Ленинский пр., 49; 119049, Москва, Ленинский пр., 4; 119991, Москва, Ленинский пр., 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor, Academician, Adviser of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chief Researcher.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт металлургии и материаловедения им. А.А. Байкова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт металлургии и материаловедения им. А.А. Байкова РАН; Национальный исследовательский технологический университет «МИСиС»; Президиум РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, RAS; National University of Science and Technology “MISIS” (MISIS); Scientific Council on Metallurgy and Metal Science of Russian Academy of Sciences (Department of Chemistry and Material Sciences)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>12</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>61</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>843</fpage><lpage>858</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зиновеев Д.В., Грудинский П.И., Дюбанов В.Г., Коваленко Л.В., Леонтьев Л.И., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зиновеев Д.В., Грудинский П.И., Дюбанов В.Г., Коваленко Л.В., Леонтьев Л.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zinoveev D.V., Grudinskii P.I., Dyubanov V.G., Kovalenko L.V., Leont’ev L.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1499">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1499</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзоре проанализированы работы, направленные на поиск эффективного решения проблемы переработки красных шламов (остатков боксита) - отходов, образующихся в процессе производства глинозема способом Байера. В зависимости от состава исходных бокситов и технологии в процессе производства 1 т глинозема образуется от 0,9 до 1,5 т этих отходов. На сегодняшний день накоплено около 4 млрд т красных шламов. Основное их количество не перерабатывается, а складируется в специальные шламохранилища, что приводит к опасному загрязнению окружающей среды. В 2010 г. в Венгрии произошел прорыв шламохранилища, в результате чего около 700 тыс. м3 шламов были выброшены в окружающую среду, что привело к гибели 10 человек, разрушению около 350 домов и загрязнению значительных территорий. Несмотря на то, что красные шламы, полученные на разных заводах, значительно отличаются по химическому и фазовому составу, основной их составляющей являются минералы, содержащие железо. Поэтому они могут быть рассмотрены, в первую очередь, как источник сырья для металлургической промышленности. В обзоре изучены пирометаллургические технологии переработки красных шламов, включающие как способы низкотемпературного восстановления при температурах 1050 - 1200 °С, так и восстановительную плавку. Рассмотрены способы утилизации получаемых шлаков, которые могут быть использованы для извлечения глинозема, титана и РЗМ, получения строительных материалов, таких как цементы различных марок, минеральная вата и флюсовые материалы для металлургии. Изучены также способы обесщелачивания, сушки и окускования красных шламов. Показано, что наиболее перспективными с точки зрения утилизации большого количества шламов и исключения образования дополнительных отходов являются пирометаллургические технологии, которые позволяют выделять железо в отдельный продукт, а полученный шлак использовать для производства строительных материалов или металлургических флюсов. Настоящая работа является первой из трех связанных статей, рассматривающих мировой опыт рециклинга красных шламов различными способами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This review considers the papers aimed to find an effective solution to the red mud utilization problem. Red mud or bauxite residue is a hazardous materials that are generating during production of alumina by the Bayer process. Depending on the composition of bauxite and the technology, production of 1 ton alumina forms from 0.9 to 1.5 tons of this waste. The global inventory of red mud is estimated at about 4 billion ton in 2015. The main quantity of bauxite residue is not processed, but pumped into land-based ponds and it leads to environmental pollution. In 2010 in Hungary a pond containing red mud were collapsed, freeing about 700 thousand m3 of liquid waste, as a result 10 people were died, about 350 houses were destroyed and significant regions were polluted. Red mud obtained by different plants has various chemical and phase compositions. Despite this fact the main components of red mud is iron-containing minerals, so bauxite residue can be considered primarily as a raw material for the metallurgical industry. This part of the review considers pyrometallurgical methods for of red mud treatment, including both methods of low-temperature reduction at temperatures of 1050 - 1200 °C and high-temperature reduction melting, as well as utilization methods of the resulting slags. These slag utilization methods can be used for extraction of alumina, titanium and rare-earth metals, obtaining building materials such as various cements, mineral wool and flux materials for metallurgy. Methods of alkali removing, drying and agglomeration of red mud also considered. It has been shown that the best ways of bauxite residue recycling are the pyrometallurgical methods with obtaining of iron-containing product and slag for the production of building materials or metallurgical fluxes. These techniques make possible to utilize a large amount of red mud with exception of additional waste formation. This is the first part in a series of three related reviews examining the world experience of red mud recycling by various ways.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>красный шлам</kwd><kwd>остаток боксита</kwd><kwd>пирометаллургия</kwd><kwd>извлечение металлов</kwd><kwd>рециклинг</kwd><kwd>чугун</kwd><kwd>оксиды железа</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>red mud</kwd><kwd>bauxite residue</kwd><kwd>pyrometallurgy</kwd><kwd>metal recovery</kwd><kwd>recycling</kwd><kwd>pig iron</kwd><kwd>ferric oxide</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Президиум  РАН, программа  №39  – №  АААА-А18-118031490064-3</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences, program No. 39 -No. AAAA-A18-118031490064-3</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang R., Zheng S., Ma S., Zhang Y. 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