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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2018-4-313-318</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-1296</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATERIAL SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ГРАДИЕНТНАЯ СТРУКТУРА СЛОЯ, НАПЛАВЛЕННОГО НА СТАЛЬ HARDOX 450 ПОРОШКОВОЙ ПРОВОЛОКОЙ СИСТЕМЫ Fe –С–Cr–Nb–W И МОДИФИЦИРОВАННОГО ЭЛЕКТРОННО-ПУЧКОВОЙ ОБРАБОТКОЙ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>GRADIENT STRUCTURE OF THE LAYER FACED ON HARDOX 450 STEEL WITH Fe –С–Cr–Nb–W POWDER WIRE AND MODIFIED BY ELECTRON BEAM PROCESSING</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Громов</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gromov</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.ф.-м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой естественнонаучных дисциплин им. В.М. Финкеля</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Phys.-math.), Professor, Head of the Chair of Science named after V.M. Finkel</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gromov@physics.sibsiu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кормышев</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kormyshev</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>инженер кафедры естественнонаучных дисциплин им. В.М. Финкеля</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Engineer of the Chair of Science named after V.M.  Finkel</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">89236230000@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глезер</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Glezer</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.ф-м.н., профессор, директор института металловедения и физики металлов им. Г.В. Курдюмова</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Phys.-Math), Professor, Director of the G.V.  Kurdyumov Institute of Metallurgy and Physics of Metals</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aglezer@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коновалов</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Konovalov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.т.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой технологии металлов и авиационного материаловедения</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor, Head of the Chair of Metals Technology and Aviation Materials</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ksv@ssau.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>Ю. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>Yu. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.ф.-м.н., профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Phys.-math.), Professor, Chief Researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yufi55@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сибирский государственный индустриальный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Industrial University, Novokuznetsk</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центральный научно-исследовательский институт черной металлургии им. И.П. Бардина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.P. Bardin Central Research Institute for Ferrous Metallurgy, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Самарский национальный исследовательский университет им. академика С.П. Королева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Samara University, Samara</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт сильноточной электроники СО РАН;&#13;
Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of High Current Electronics SB RAS, Tomsk;&#13;
National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>04</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>61</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>313</fpage><lpage>318</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Громов В.Е., Кормышев В.Е., Глезер А.М., Коновалов С.В., Иванов Ю.Ф., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Громов В.Е., Кормышев В.Е., Глезер А.М., Коновалов С.В., Иванов Ю.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gromov V.E., Kormyshev V.E., Glezer A.M., Konovalov S.V., Ivanov Y.F.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1296">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1296</self-uri><abstract><p>В последние годы внимание исследователей в области физического материаловедения сосредоточено на изучении наплавки композиционных покрытий, упрочненных частицами карбидов, боридов и других высокотвердых фаз. Основным фактором, определяющим эксплуатационные свойства наплавленных слоев, является фазовый состав материала покрытий. Для обоснованного выбора материала покрытий, соответствующего условиям экстремальной эксплуатации, высоких нагрузок, абразивного изнашивания, необходимо проведение подробных исследований их свойств и структуры. В настоящей работе методами современного физического материаловедения исследованы структурно-фазовые состояния и трибологические свойства покрытия, наплавленного на мартенситную низкоуглеродистую сталь Hardox  450 порошковой проволокой системы Fe – С – Cr – Nb – W и модифицированного путем последующей электронно-пучковой обработки в  различных режимах. Параметры пучка электронов на первом этапе: плотность энергии пучка электронов в импульсе ES  =  30  Дж/см2, длительность импульсов τ = 200 мкс, количество импульсов N = 20; на втором этапе: ES = 30 Дж/см2, τ = 50 мкс, N = 1. Режимы облучения выбраны исходя из результатов расчета температурного поля, формирующегося в поверхностном слое материала при облучении в  одноимпульсном режиме. Показано, что электронно-пучковая обработка наплавленного слоя толщиной приблизительно 5 мм приводит к формированию модифицированного поверхностного слоя толщиной около 20 мкм, основными фазами которого являются α-железо и карбид NbC, в  незначительном количестве присутствуют карбиды составов Fe3C и Me6C (Fe3W3C). Основным отличием модифицированного путем электронно-пучковой обработки поверхностного слоя от немодифицированного объема наплавки являются морфология и размеры включений вторых фаз. В модифицированном слое наплавки включения имеют меньшие размеры и расположены в виде тонких прослоек по границам зерен. В немодифицированной наплавке основным морфологическим типом включений являются частицы ограненной формы, хаотически расположенные в объеме зерна. После электронно-пучковой обработки износостойкость наплавленного слоя возрастает более чем в 70 раз по отношению к износостойкости стали Hardox 450, а коэффициент трения существенно снижается (примерно в три раза).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In recent years, the attention of researches in the field of physical materials science is focused on the study of facing of composite coatings hardened with the particles of carbides, borides and other high solid phases. The principal factor determining the service properties of the faced layers is phase composition of coating materials. In order to make substantiated choice of coating material corresponding to the conditions of their extreme service, high loads and abrasive wear it is necessary to carry out thorough studies of their properties and structure. Structure-phase states and tribological properties of coating faced on Hardox  450 martensite low carbon steel with Fe – C – Cr – Nb – W powder wire and modified by subsequent electron beam processing were studied in the research using methods of modern materials science. The regime of electron beam processing is the following: parameters of electron beam at the first stage – energy density of electron beam in pulse ES   =  30  J/cm2 , duration of pulses τ  =  200  µs, number of pulses N  =  20; at the second stage – ES   =  30  J/cm2 , τ  =  50  µs, N  =  1. The regimes of irradiation were chosen based on calculation results of temperature field being formed in surface layer of material in one pulse regime irradiation. It is shown that electron beam processing of ~5  mm thick faced layer results in formation of ~20  µm thick modified surface layer with α-Fe and NbC carbide major phases and negligible quantity of Fe3C and Me6C (Fe3 W3 C) carbides. The principle difference of the surface layer modified by electron beam processing from the unmodified volume of facing is morphology and dimensions inclusions of the second phases. In the facing modified layer inclusions have smaller dimensions and are located in form of thin interlayers along the grain boundaries. In the unmodified facing, basic morphological type of inclusions is particles of faceted shape located chaotically in grain volume. After electron beam processing wear resistance of the faced layer increases in more than 70  times in relation to wear resistance of Hardox  450 steel and friction coefficient decreases significantly (in ~3  times).</p><p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>наплавка</kwd><kwd>структура</kwd><kwd>фазовый состав</kwd><kwd>электронно-пучковая обработка</kwd><kwd>морфология</kwd><kwd>карбиды</kwd><kwd>трибологические свойства</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>facing</kwd><kwd>structure</kwd><kwd>phase composition</kwd><kwd>electron beam processing</kwd><kwd>morphology</kwd><kwd>carbides</kwd><kwd>tribological properties</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке гранта РНФ (проект № 15-19-00065)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was financially supported by the RNF grant (project No. 15-19-00065).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mendez P.F., Barnes N., Bell K., Borle S.D., Gajapathi S.S., Guest S.D., Izadia H., Gola A.K., Wood G. 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