<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2017-12-941-947</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-1206</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METALLURGICAL TECHNOLOGIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>АНАЛИЗ И РАЗРАБОТКА КАЛИБРОВКИ ПРОКАТНЫХ ВАЛКОВ ДЛЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА АСИММЕТРИЧНЫХ РЕЛЬСОВЫХ ПРОФИЛЕЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ УНИВЕРСАЛЬНОГО РЕЛЬСОБАЛОЧНОГО СТАНА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>ANALYSIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF ROLLS CALIBRATION FOR PRODUCTION OF ASYMMETRICAL RAIL PROFILES AT UNIVERSAL ROLLING MILL</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дорофеев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dorofeev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.т.н., главный калибровщик </p><p>654043, Кемеровская обл., Новокузнецк, ш. Космическое, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Chief Calibrator</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Vladimir.Dorofeev@evraz.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уманский</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Umanskii</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.т.н., доцент кафедры металлургии черных металлов </p><p>654007, Кемеровская обл., Новокузнецк, ул. Кирова, 42</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Professor of the Chair of Ferrous Metallurgy</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">umanskii@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Головатенко</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golovatenko</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.т.н., начальник рельсового производства</p><p>654043, Кемеровская обл., Новокузнецк, ш. Космическое, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Chief of Rail Production</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Aleksey.Golovatenko@evraz.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кадыков</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kadykov</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.т.н., доцент кафедры обработки металлов давлением и металловедения. ЕВРАЗ ЗСМК </p><p>654007, Кемеровская обл., Новокузнецк, ул. Кирова, 42</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Professor of the Chair “Metal Forming and Metal Science”. OJSC “EVRAZ ZSMK”</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kadikov_vn@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Добрянский</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dobryanskii</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший калибровщик рельсобалочного цеха </p><p>654043, Кемеровская обл., Новокузнецк, ш. Космическое, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Calibrator of Rail and Beam Shop</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Andrey.Dobryanskij@evraz.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АО ЕВРАЗ Объединенный Западно-Сибирский металлургический комбинат</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>JSC “EVRAZ – Joint West Siberian Metallurgical Plant”, Novokuznetsk</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сибирский государственный индустриальный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Industrial University, Novokuznetsk</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>60</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>941</fpage><lpage>947</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дорофеев В.В., Уманский А.А., Головатенко А.В., Кадыков В.Н., Добрянский А.В., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дорофеев В.В., Уманский А.А., Головатенко А.В., Кадыков В.Н., Добрянский А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dorofeev V.V., Umanskii A.A., Golovatenko A.V., Kadykov V.N., Dobryanskii A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1206">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1206</self-uri><abstract><p>Анализ развития железнодорожного путевого хозяйства позволил выявить тенденцию постоянного повышения требований к качеству железнодорожных переводов, являющихся наиболее быстроизнашивающимися элементами верхнего строения рельсового пути. При этом основными причинами несоответствия качества остряковых переводов требованиям стандартов являются неудовлетворительная геометрия и разброс величин остаточных напряжений в исходных заготовках – остряковых рельсах. Асимметричный профиль остряковых рельсов значительно усложняет технологию их производства, особенно при использовании для их прокатки универсальных клетей. В  представленной работе рассмотрены теоретические и технологические аспекты освоения производства остряковых рельсов типа ОР65 на новом универсальном рельсобалочном стане АО «ЕВРАЗ ЗСМК». Несовершенство контрактной калибровки поставщика оборудования рельсобалочного стана, обусловившее невозможность ее применения для массового производства остряковых рельсов, привело к необходимости разработки новой усовершенствованной схемы прокатки. Отличительными особенностями нового способа прокатки остряковых рельсов является интенсифицированный режим обжатий в первой обжимной клети, снижение числа проходов во второй обжимной клети и применение разрезного рельсового наклонного калибра с разъемами по диагонали взамен разрезного рельсового калибра закрытого типа. При этом возможность интенсификации режима деформации предварительно обоснована расчетами усилия прокатки, проведенными с ис- пользованием ранее разработанной методики. Внедрение нового режима прокатки рельсов ОР65 позволило повысить производительность стана на 39,8  т/ч и уменьшить отбраковку готовых рельсов по пленам прокатного происхождения на 0,5  %. Проведенный анализ процессов течения металла и формирования чистового профиля остряковых рельсов при прокатке в универсальных клетях показал, что оформление ширины подошвы профиля рельса происходит за счет свободного уширения металла при деформации этого элемента. В результате указанной особенности выполнение необходимой ширины подошвы профиля рельса зависит от многих технологических параметров и не может быть предварительно спрогнозировано с высокой степенью точности. Опыт промышленной прокатки остряковых рельсов на рельсобалочном стане АО «ЕВРАЗ ЗСМК» показал, что достижимая точность размеров элементов прокатных профилей составляет ±1,0  мм. При этом согласно действующей отечественной нормативной документации на производство остряковых рельсов высшего и первого сорта предельные допуски на ширину короткого плеча подошвы установлены в пределах ±0,3 и ±0,5 мм соответственно. Таким образом, выполнение этого требования представляется невозможным.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Analysis of the development of railway track facilities revealed a  tendency to constantly improve quality requirements for rail transfers, which have the most wear in the upper part of the rail way. The major causes of quality inconsistency of switch point transfers to requirements of the standards are poor geometry and spread the values of residual stresses in the initial blanks – switch point rails. Asymmetrical profile of switch point rails greatly complicates their manufacturing technology, especially at use of universal rolling mill stands for their rolling. This paper describes theoretical and technological aspects of the development of OR65 switch point rails production at the new universal rolling mill of JSC “EVRAZ ZSMK”. Imperfection of contract calibration of the supplier of rolling mill equipment, which determined the impossibility of its application for mass production of switch point rails, led to the need to develop new and improved rolling pattern. Distinctive features of the new method of stand, reduction switch point rails rolling are an intensified mode of breakdown in the first breakdown of the number of passes in the second breakdown stand and the use of split inclined rail caliber with diagonal connectors instead of closed split rail caliber. At the same time the possibility of intensifying the strain mode is preliminarily justified by calculations of rolling force conducted using a previously developed authors’ technique. The introduction of a new mode of rolling the OR65 rails allowed to increase the mill's productivity by 39.8  t/h and to reduce the rejection of finished rails by 0.5  % of rolling stock. The analysis of metal flow processes and of the formation of finishing profile of switch point rails while rolling in the universal stands has shown that the clearance of width of the rail profile base is due to the free broadening of the metal at the element deformation. As a result of this feature, the execution of the necessary width of the rail profile base depends on many technological parameters and cannot be predicted with a high degree of accuracy. The experience of industrial rolling of switch point rails on the rail mill of JSC  “EVRAZ ZSMK” has shown that the achievable accuracy of the elements dimensions of the rolling profiles is ±1.0  mm. At the same time, according to the current domestic regulatory documentation for the production of switch point rails of the highest and first grades, the maximum tolerances for the width of the short arm of the base are set within ±0.3 and ±0.5  mm, respectively. Thus, the fulfillment of this requirement is impossible.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>калибровка валков</kwd><kwd>режим прокатки</kwd><kwd>рельсовые профили</kwd><kwd>остряковые рельсы</kwd><kwd>дефекты поверхности</kwd><kwd>технико-экономические показатели производства</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rolls calibration</kwd><kwd>rolling mode</kwd><kwd>rail profiles</kwd><kwd>switch point rails</kwd><kwd>surface defects</kwd><kwd>technical and economic indicators of production</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в СибГИУ в рамках базовой части Государственного задания Минобрнауки РФ № 11.6365.2017/8.9.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was performed at the SibSIU under the basic part of the state task of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation no. 11.6365.2017/8.9.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stalinskii D.V., Rudyuk A.S. Production and Quality of Rails // Steel in Translation. 2011. Vol. 41. No. 5. Рp. 73 – 77.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stalinskii D.V., Rudyuk A.S. Production and quality of rails. Steel in Translation. 2011, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 73–77.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Samoilovich Yu.A. Possibility of producing railway rails with increased strength and minimum buckling // Metallurgist. 2012. Vol. 55. No.11. Рp. 903 – 911.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Samoilovich Yu.A. Possibility of producing railway rails with increased strength and minimum buckling. Metallurgist. 2012, vol.  55, no.11, pp. 903–911.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sinel’nikov V.A., Filippov G.A. Technological Aspects of Improving the Quality and Service Properties of Railroad Rails // Metallurgist. 2001. Vol. 45. No. 9. Рp. 403 – 407.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sinel’nikov V.A., Filippov G.A. Technological aspects of improving the quality and service properties of railroad rails. Metallurgist. 2001, vol. 45, no. 9, pp. 403–407.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Golovatenko A.V., Umansky A.A., Dorofeev V.V. Analysis of the main trends in the development of rail production in Russia and abroad // IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2016. No. 150. 012002 S.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Golovatenko A.V., Umansky A.A., Dorofeev V.V. Analysis of the main trends in the development of rail production in Russia and abroad. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2016, no. 150, 012002 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Свейковски У., Нерзак Т. Производство рельсов высокого качества с использованием компактных универсальных клетей и технологий Rail Cool. Металлургическое производство и техно- логия (МРТ) // Черные металлы. 2006. № 2. С. 50 – 56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Svejkovsky U., Nerzak T. Production of high-quality rails using compact universal stands and Rail Cool technologies. Metallurgical production and technology (MRI). Chernye metally. 2006, no. 2, pp.  50–56. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Никитина Л.А. Состояние и перспективы развития производства проката в России и за рубежом. Ч. IV // Производство проката. 2000. № 11. С. 2 – 10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikitina L.A. State and prospects for development of rolled metal production in Russia and abroad. Part. IV. Proizvodstvo prokata. 2000, no. 11, pp. 2–10. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнов В.К., Бондин А.Р., Михайленко А.М. Исследование прокатки рельсов в универсальных клетях // Производство проката. 2002. № 12. С. 24 – 30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smirnov V.K., Bondin A.R., Mikhailenko A.M. Research of rails rolling in universal stands. Proizvodstvo prokata. 2002, no. 12, pp.  24–30. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коган А.Г., Шур Е.А. Перспективы повышения качества остряковых рельсов // Сборник трудов юбилейной рельсовой комиссии ОАО «КМК». 2002. С. 42 – 48.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kogan A.G., Shur E.A. Prospects of improving the quality of switch point rails. In: Sbornik trudov yubileinoi rel’sovoi komissii OAO “KMK” [Coll. of papers of Anniversary Rails Commission of OJSC “KMK”]. 2002, pp. 42–48. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stammbach R. Das Walzen von Tragern und Shinen ant Triogerusten der Kontintraseum Universalwalzmverfahren // Der Kalibreur. 1968. No. 9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stammbach R. Das Walzen von Tragern und Shinen ant Triogerusten der Kontintraseum Universalwalzmverfahren. Der Kalibreur. 1968, no. 9. (In Germ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lassent A. Le train a’poutrelles et a’rails de l’usine d’hagauge (SASILOR) // Revue de metallurge. 1974. Vol. 11. No. 10. Рp. 733 – 748.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lassent A. Le train a’poutrelles et a’rails de l’usine d’hagauge (SASILOR). Revue de metallurge. 1974, vol. 11, no. 10, pp.  733–748. (In Fr.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mennel G. Schienenwalzung in Universal Gerust der Modernisienung der Strap Hagange // Der Kalibreur. 1981. No. 35. Рр. 15 – 16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mennel G. Schienenwalzung in Universal Gerust der Modernisienung der Strap Hagange. Der Kalibreur. 1981, no. 35, pр. 15–16. (In Germ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kinoshita K., Hattozi M., Hagashiga H., Isozumi K. On reconctraction of Rail Mill and Newly – developed rails of Nippon Steel Corparation // Nipon: Steel Technical Report Overseas. 1973. No. 3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kinoshita K., Hattozi M., Hagashiga H., Isozumi K. On reconstruction of rail mill and newly – developed rails of Nippon Steel Corporation. Nipon: Steel Technical Report Overseas. 1973, no. 3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Svejkovsky U. Newest technologies for economical sections production // AISE Steel Technology. 2002. No. 2. Рp. 33 – 39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Svejkovsky U. Newest technologies for economical sections production. AISE Steel Technology. 2002, no. 2, pp. 33–39.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Frank E. Former. Steel Dynamics Commissions Its New Structural and Rail Division // AISE Steel Technology. 2002. No. 11-12. Рp. 27 – 35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frank E. Former. Steel dynamics commissions its new structural and rail division. AISE Steel Technology. 2002, no. 11-12, pp. 27–35.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Desvallees J., Faessey A., Gouth G., Mennel G. Universal rolling of rails – State of the art // Iron and steel engineer. 1987. March. Рp. 25 – 31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Desvallees J., Faessey A., Gouth G., Mennel G. Universal rolling of rails – state of the art. Iron and steel engineer. 1987, March, pp.  25–31.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shilov V.A., Shvarts D.L., Litvinov R.A. Shaping of metal when rolling rails in universal grooves // Steel in Translation. 2008. Vol. 38. No. 3. Рp. 214 – 216.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shilov V.A., Shvarts D.L., Litvinov R.A. Shaping of metal when rolling rails in universal grooves. Steel in Translation. 2008, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 214–216.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shvarts D.L. Rolling of rail profiles in a universal groove. Part 1 // Steel in Translation. 2015. Vol. 45. No. 6. Рp. 430 – 435.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shvarts D.L. Rolling of rail profiles in a universal groove. Part 1. Steel in Translation. 2015, vol. 45, no 6, pp. 430–435.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shvarts D.L. Rolling of rail profiles in a universal groove. Part 2 // Steel in Translation. 2015. Vol. 45. No. 7. Рp. 499 – 502.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shvarts D.L. Rolling of rail profiles in a universal groove. Part 2. Steel in Translation. 2015, vol. 45, no 7, pp. 499–502.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shilov V.A., Shvarts D.L., Skosar’ E.O. Aspects of the rolling of long rails on a universal rail-beam mill // Metallurgist. 2016. Vol. 60. Iss. 3. Рp. 260 – 266.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shilov V.A., Shvarts D.L., Skosar’ E.O. Aspects of the rolling of long rails on a universal rail-beam mill. Metallurgist. 2016, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 260–266.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Golovatenko A.V., Umansky A.A., Kadykov V.N. Improvement of rolling modes of long length rails on the universal rail and structural steel mill “EVRAZ ZSMK” // IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2016. No. 150. Рр. 12 – 28 .</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Golovatenko A.V., Umansky A.A., Kadykov V.N. Improvement of rolling modes of long length rails on the universal rail and structural steel mill “EVRAZ ZSMK”. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2016, no. 150, pр. 12–28.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Уманский А.А., Головатенко А.В., Кадыков В.Н. Разработка методики прогнозирования сопротивления деформации рельсо- вой стали при изменяющихся условиях прокатки // Инновации в материаловедении и металлургии. Материалы IV Международной интерактивной научно-практической конференции. Екатеринбург, 2015. С. 199 – 202.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Umanskii A.A., Golovatenko A.V., Kadykov V.N. Development of method for predicting railsteel deformation resistance under varying rolling conditions. In: Innovatsii v materialovedenii i metallurgii. Materialy IV Mezhdunarodnoi interaktivnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii [Innovations in materials science and metallurgy. Materials of the IV Int. Interactive Scientific and Practical Conf.]. Ekaterinburg, 2015, pp. 199–202. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Umansky A.A., Golovatenko A.V., Kadykov V.N., Dumova L.V. Development of mathematical models and methods for calculation of rail steel deformation resistance of various chemical composition // IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2016. No. 150. Р. 012029.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Umansky A.A., Golovatenko A.V., Kadykov V.N., Dumova L.V. Development of mathematical models and methods for calculation of rail steel deformation resistance of various chemical composition. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2016, no. 150, p. 012029.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
