<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2017-8-603-608</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-1180</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METALLURGICAL TECHNOLOGIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ОБОБЩЕНИЕ ОПЫТА И РАЗВИТИЕ МЕТОДОВ ДИАГНОСТИКИ СОСТОЯНИЯ ФУТЕРОВКИ ДОМЕННЫХ ПЕЧЕЙ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>EXPERIENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS TO ESTIMATE BLAST FURNACE REFRACTORY LINING CONDITIONS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гордон</surname><given-names>Я. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gordon</surname><given-names>Ya. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор технических наук, профессор, технический директор отдела черной металлургии. </p><p>620002, Россия, Екатеринбург, ул. Мира, 19.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor, Technical Director of Ironmaking technology. </p><p> Ekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">igordon@hatch.ca</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Садри</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sadri</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ph.D., директор группы неразрушающего контроля.  </p><p>2800 Speakman Dr., Mississauga, ONL5K 2R7, Canada.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Ph.D., Director of Non­destructive Testing Group. </p><p> Mississauga.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">asadri@hatch.ca</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миронов</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mironov</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> начальник доменного цеха.</p><p>622005, Россия, Свердловская обл., Нижний Тагил, ул. Металлургов, д. 1.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chief of Blast­Furnace Shop. </p><p>Nizhny Tagil, Sverdlovsk Region.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Konstantin.Mironov@evraz.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Спирин</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Spirin</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор технических наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой «Теплофизика и информатика в металлургии».</p><p>620002, Россия, Екатеринбург, ул. Мира, 19.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor, Head of the Chair “Thermal Physics and Informatics in Metallurgy”.</p><p> Ekaterinburg.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n.a.spirin@urfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Инженерно-консалтинговая компания «Hatch»;   Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина.</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Hatch Ltd.;  Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin.</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Инженерно-консалтинговая компания «Hatch».</institution><country>Канада</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Hatch Ltd.</institution><country>Canada</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ОАО «Нижнетагильский металлургический комбинат» (ОАО «ЕВРАЗ НТМК») .</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>JSC “Nizhny Tagil Iron and Steel Works”.</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина.</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin.</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>12</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>60</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>603</fpage><lpage>608</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гордон Я.М., Садри А., Миронов К.В., Спирин Н.А., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гордон Я.М., Садри А., Миронов К.В., Спирин Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gordon Y.M., Sadri A., Mironov K.V., Spirin N.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1180">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1180</self-uri><abstract><p>В компании Хэтч (Канада) разработана система неразрушающего контроля остаточной толщины огнеупорной кладки доменной  печи и электропечей цветной металлургии и ферросплавной промышленности, в основу которой положен метод отраженного акустикоультразвукового сигнала (AU-E). Данная система дополняет традиционное моделирование теплового состояния футеровки печи с использованием закладных термопар или по тепловой нагрузке на холодильники доменной печи и позволяет дополнительно определять  положение трещин и аномалий, а также границу между гарнисажем и огнеупором. Рассмотрены ограничения и источники погрешностей в  методе AU-E, представлено развитие и усовершенствование этого метода. Совершенствование метода позволило учесть влияние высоких  температур, профиля печи и ее размеров, различие акустического сопротивления различных слоев многослойной огнеупорной футеровки  на закономерности распространение волны. Метод AU-E является надежным и неразрушающим методом контроля состояния огнеупорной  кладки плавильных печей. Аппаратное и программное обеспечение системы AU-E подверглось существенному усовершенствованию, позволившему получать результаты измерений с достаточной точностью. Оценка точности метода подтверждена физическими замерами на  остановленных доменных печах. Приведены примеры использования системы диагностики состояния футеровки различными отечественными и зарубежными заводами, а также некоторые технологические мероприятия, позволяющие продлить кампанию доменной печи. Показано, что использование нескольких последовательных измерений позволяет определить скорость износа огнеупорной кладки и время  вывода печи на капитальный ремонт. Метод AU-E успешно использовался (и используется) на более чем 70 доменных печах во всем мире,  включая доменные печи Новолипецкого, Череповецкого, Нижнетагильского, Западно-Сибирского и Магнитогорского металлургических  комбинатов, а также электропечах для выплавки ферросплавов, меди, платины и т. д.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Acousto – Ultrasonic – Echo (AU-E) method of non-distractive  testing of refractory lining conditions is developed by Hatch (Canada)  to estimate refractory wear of blast furnaces and electrical smelters  in non-ferrous and ferro-alloys industries. This system compliments  the traditional modeling of heat transfer of blast furnace lining based  on imbedded thermocouples data and additionally allows to determine  location of cracks/anomalies and boundary between refractory lining  and accretion. The limitations and accuracy of AU-E method are discussed and confirmed by comparison with physical measurements on  cold furnaces. Improvement of the method allowed to take into account  the influence of high temperatures, profile of the furnace and its dimensions and difference in the acoustic resistance of various layers of  multilayer refractory lining on the regularity of wave propagation. The  AU-E method is a reliable and non-destructive method for controlling  the state of refractory masonry of smelting furnaces. The hardware and  software of the AU-E system underwent a significant improvement,  which made it possible to obtain measurement results with sufficient  accuracy. Examples of AU-E method application to numerous furnaces  in Russian Federation and around the Globe as well as some technological measures to prolong blast furnace campaign are presented and  discussed. It was shown that results of several consecutive measurements allow estimation of the rate of refractory wear and prediction of  the end point of blast furnace campaign. AU-E method is successfully  applied for more than 70 blast furnaces around the World including  blast furnaces of NLMK. CherMK, NTMK, ZapSib and MMK in Russian Federation and also for numerous copper, platinum, nickel and  ferro-alloy smelters etc.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd> доменная печь</kwd><kwd> футеровка</kwd><kwd> диагностика</kwd><kwd> акустико-ультразвуковой сигнал</kwd><kwd> кампания доменной печи</kwd><kwd> аномалия</kwd><kwd> козловая летка</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>blast  furnace</kwd><kwd>  refractory  lining</kwd><kwd>  acoustic</kwd><kwd>  ultrasound</kwd><kwd>  nondestractive</kwd><kwd> diagnostics</kwd><kwd> campaign</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Preuer А. etс. Computation of the erosion in the hearth of a blast furnace // Steel Research. 1992. Vol. 63. P. 147 – 151.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Preuer А. etс. Computation of the erosion in the hearth of a blast  furnace. Steel Research. 1992, vol. 63, pp. 147–151.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salgado J., Oliveira C., Moutinho A., Silvério C. Control of refractory lining wear by using radioisotopes // International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part A. Applied Radiation and Isotopes. 1988. Vol. 39. Issue 12. P. 1265 – 1267.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salgado J., Oliveira C., Moutinho A., Silvério C. Control of refractory lining wear by using radioisotopes. International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part A. Applied Radiation and Isotopes. 1988, vol. 39, Issue 12, pp. 1265–1267.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bolf N. Application of infrared thermography in chemical engineering // Journal of Chemists and Chemical Engineers. 2004. Vol. 53(12). P. 549 – 555.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bolf N. Application of infrared thermography in chemical engineering.  Journal of Chemists and Chemical Engineers.  2004,  vol.  53(12), pp. 549–555.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maldague X. Introduction to NDT by active infrared thermography // Materials Evaluation. 2002. Vol. 6(9). P. 1060 – 1073.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maldague X. Introduction to NDT by active infrared thermography.  Materials Evaluation. 2002, vol. 6(9), pp. 1060–1073.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parker R.L. etc. Application of pulse-echo ultrasonics to locate the solid/liquid interface during solidification and melting of steel and other metals // Journal of Applied Physics. 1985. Vol. 58 (11). Р. 4150 – 4164.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parker R.L. et al. Application of pulse-echo ultrasonics to locate  the solid/liquid interface during solidification and melting of steel  and other metals. Journal of Applied Physics. 1985, vol. 58 (11),  pp. 4150–4164.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sansalone M.J., Streett W.B. Impact-Echo: Non-destructive Evaluation of Concrete and Masonry. Ithaca, NY: Bullbrier Press, 1997. – 339 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sansalone M.J., Streett W.B. Impact­Echo: Non­destructive Evalua tion of Concrete and Masonry. Ithaca, NY: Bullbrier Press, 1997, 339 p. </mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kushnarev V., Mironov K., Gordon Y . еtc. Careful control of refrac tory lining conditions at NTMK-Evraz ensures intensive operation and long campaign of titania blast furnace // AISTech 2017 Proceedings, Nashville, May 8 – May11, USA (in printing).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kushnarev V., Mironov K., Gordon Y., Sadri A., Ying W., Zagainov  S.A.  Careful  Control  of  Refractory  Lining  Conditions  at   NTMK-EVRAZ Ensures Intensive Operation and Long Campaign  of Titania Blast Furnace. AISTech 2017 Proceedings, Nashville, May  8 – May, USA (in printing).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kushnarev V., Mironov K., Gordon Y . etc. AU-E control of blast furnace refractory lining at NTMK-Evraz ensures intensive operation and prediction of the end of campaign of titania blast furnace // ESTAD 2017 Proceedings, Vienna, June 26 – 29 (in printing).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kushnarev V., Mironov K., Gordon Y., Sadri A., Ying W., Zagainov  S.A. AU-E control of blast furnace refractory lining at NTMKEvraz ensures intensive operation and prediction of the end of campaign of titania blast furnace. ESTAD 2017 Proceedings, Vienna, June 26­29 (in printing).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Конверторный передел ванадиевого чугуна / Л.А. Смирнов, Ю.А. Дерябин, С.К. Носов и др. – Екатеринбург: Среднеуральс кое книжное изд-во, 2000. – 528 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nosov S.K., Kuzovkov A.Ya., Il’in V.I. Konvertornyi peredel vanadievogo chuguna [BOF processing of vanadium hot metal]. Ekaterinburg: Sredn.-Ural. Kn. Izd-vo, 2000, 528 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнов JI.A., Дерябин Ю.А., Шаврин C.B. Металлургическая переработка ванадийсодержащих титаномагнетитов. – Челябинск: Металлургия, 1990. – 256 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smirnov L.A., Deryabin Yu.A., Shavrin C.B. Metallurgicheskaya pererabotka vanadiisoderzhashchikh titanomagnetitov [Metallurgical treatment of vanadium containing titanium-magnetite]. Moscow:  Metallurgiya, 1990, 256 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Filatov S.V., Kirichkov A.A., Mikhalev V.A., Zagainov S.A. Smelting low silica hot metal at OAO NTMK // Steel in Translation. 2010. Vol. 40. No. 5. P. 443 – 445.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Filatov S.V., Kirichkov A.A., Mikhalev V.A., Zagainov S.A. Smelting low silica hot metal at OAO NTMK. Steel in Translation. 2010,  vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 443–445. </mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Носов С.К., Леонтьев JI.И., Ильин В.И. и др. Марганец важный элемент технологии при переработке титаномагнетитов по металлургической схеме // Сталь. 2003. № 3. С. 14 – 18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nosov S.K., Leont’ev L.I., Il’in V.I., Filippov V.V., Shavrin S.V .  Manganese in technology for processing the titanomagnetite. Stal’.  2003, no. 3, pp. 14–18. (In Russ.). </mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sadri A. An introduction to stress wave non-destructive testing and evaluation (NDT&amp;E) of metallurgical furnaces and refractory condition monitoring // CINDE Journal. 2008. Vol. 29(2). P. 7 – 11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sadri A. An introduction to stress wave non-destructive testing and  evaluation (NDT&amp;E) of metallurgical furnaces and refractory condition monitoring. CINDE Journal. 2008, vol. 29(2), pp. 7–11. </mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Filatov S., Kurunov I., Gordon Y., Sadri A., YingW. Careful control of refractory lining conditions ensures intensive operation and long campaign of blast furnace // AISTech Proceedings, Pittsburgh, USA. 2016. Р. 695 – 704.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Filatov S., Kurunov I., Gordon Y., Sadri A., Ying W. Careful control  of refractory lining conditions ensures intensive operation and long  campaign of blast furnace. AISTech Proceedings, Pittsburgh, USA,  2016, pp. 695–704.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Филатов С.В., Курунов И.Ф., Гордон Я.М. и др. Продление кампании доменной печи при ее интенсивной работе // Металлург. 2016. № 9. С. 17 – 22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Filatov S.V., Kurunov I.F., Gordon Ya.M., Tikhonov D.N., Grachev  S.N. Extending the campaign life of an intensively operating  blast furnace. Metallurgist. 2017, no. 1, pp. 1–7. </mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sadri A., Gebski P., Rampersad A. etс. Comparing the accuracy of acousto ultrasonic-echo (NDT), finite element analysis (FEA), and drilling when obtaining a blast furnace refractory lining wear profile // Journal of Iron &amp; Steel Technology. 2010. No. 3. Р. 1 – 12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sadri A., Gebski P., Rampersad A. etс. Comparing the Accuracy of  Acousto Ultrasonic-Echo (NDT), Finite Element Analysis (FEA),  and Drilling When Obtaining a Blast Furnace Refractory Lining Wear  Profile. Journal of Iron &amp; Steel Technology. 2010, no. 3, pp.  1–12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vinogradov E.N., Karimov M.M., Dmitriev A.A. etc. Careful control of refractory lining conditions ensures prolonged campaign of blast furnace // ECIC 2016 Proceedings, Linz, September 12-14. 2016. P. 255 – 264.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vinogradov E.N., Karimov M.M., Dmitriev A.A., Sokolov A.N.,  Kosenkov Y.V., Gordon Y., Sadri A., Ying W. Careful control of  refractory lining conditions ensures prolonged campaign of blast  furnace. ECIC 2016 Proceedings, Linz, September 12­14. 2016,  pp.  255- 264.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
