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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2017-10-839-845</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-1162</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATERIAL SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>СТРУКТУРА И СВОЙСТВА ПОВЕРХНОСТИ ВЫСОКОХРОМИСТЫХ СТАЛЕЙ, МОДИФИЦИРОВАННЫХ ИНТЕНСИВНЫМ ИМПУЛЬСНЫМ ЭЛЕКТРОННЫМ ПУЧКОМ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF THE SURFACE OF HIGH-CHROMIUM STEELS MODIFIED WITH AN INTENSE PULSED ELECTRON BEAM</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>Ю. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>Yu. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.ф.-м.н., профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник,</p><p>634055, Томск, пр. Академический, 2/3;</p><p>634050, Томск, пр. Ленина, 30</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Phys.-math.), Professor, Chief Recearcher,</p><p>Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yufi55@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клопотов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klopotov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.ф.-м.н., профессор кафедры прикладной механики и материаловедения,</p><p>634003, Томск, пл. Соляная, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Phys.-math.), Professor of the Chair “Applied Mechanics and Material Science”,</p><p>Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">klopotovaa@tsuab.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрикова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrikova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник,</p><p>634055, Томск, пр. Академический, 2/3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher,</p><p>Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elizmarkova@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абзаев</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abzaev</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.ф.-м.н., профессор кафедры высшей математики,</p><p>634003, Томск, пл. Соляная, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Phys.-math.), Professor of the Chair of Advanced Mathematics,</p><p>Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">abzaev2010@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.ф.-м.н., доцент кафедры высшей математики,</p><p>634003, Томск, пл. Соляная, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Phys.-math.), Assist. Professor of the Chair of Advanced Mathematics,</p><p>Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Ivaov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт сильноточной электроники СО РАН;&#13;
Национальный исследовательский Томский политехнический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of High Current Electronics SB RAS;&#13;
National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Томский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт сильноточной электроники СО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of High Current Electronics SB RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>11</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>60</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>839</fpage><lpage>845</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Иванов Ю.Ф., Клопотов А.А., Петрикова Е.А., Абзаев Ю.А., Иванова О.В., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иванов Ю.Ф., Клопотов А.А., Петрикова Е.А., Абзаев Ю.А., Иванова О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivanov Y.F., Klopotov A.A., Petrikova E.A., Abzaev Y.A., Ivanova O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1162">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1162</self-uri><abstract><p>Работа посвящена выявлению и анализу закономерностей формирования наноструктурных, многофазных поверхностных слоев в высокохромистых сталях 12Х18Н10Т и 20Х13, подвергнутых облучению интенсивным импульсным электронным пучком на установке «СОЛО». Осуществлен термодинамический анализ системы Fe – Cr – C. Показано, что легирование углеродом сплавов Fe – Cr приводит к значительному изменению в них структурно-фазового состояния и оказывает определяющее влияние на области существования карбидов Me23С6 , Me7 С3 , Me3 С2 и Me3 С с α- и γ-фазами. Проведены численные расчеты температурного поля, формирующегося в поверхностном слое стали при облучении электронным пучком. Показано, что при плотности энергии пучка электронов 10  Дж/см2 независимо от длительности импульса пучка электронов (50  –  200  мкс) максимальная температура, достигаемая на поверхности образца к концу действия импульса, ниже температуры плавления стали. При плотности энергии пучка электронов 20  –  30  Дж/см2 и длительности импульса 50  мкс на поверхности облучения максимальная температура равна температуре кипения стали; при длительности импульса 200  мкс – достигает или превышает температуру плавления стали. Выполнены исследования структуры, механических и трибологических свойств поверхностного слоя образцов высокохромистых сталей 12Х18Н10Т и 20Х13, сформировавшегося при облучении интенсивным импульсным электронным пучком. Установлено, что электронно-пучковая обработка стали в режиме плавления и последующей высокоскоростной кристаллизации сопровождается растворением частиц исходной карбидной фазы состава Мe23С6 ((Cr,  Fe)23C6 ), насыщением кристаллической решетки поверхностного слоя атомами углерода и хрома, формированием ячеек дендритной кристаллизации субмикронных размеров, выделением наноразмерных частиц карбида титана и карбида хрома. В совокупности это позволило улучшить (относительно исходного состояния) прочностные и трибологические свойства исследуемых материалов. Для стали 12Х18Н10Т выявлено увеличение твердости поверхностного слоя в 1,5 раза, износостойкости в 1,5 раза, коэффициент трения снизился в 1,6 раза; для стали 20Х13 выявлено увеличение микротвердости в 1,5 раза, износостойкости в 3,2 раза, снижение коэффициента трения в 2,3 раза.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The work is focused on the identification and the analysis of regularities in formation of nanostructured, multiphase surface layers in high-chromium steels 12Cr18Ni10T and 20Cr13 subjected to irradiation with an intense pulsed electron beam (installation “SOLO”). A  thermodynamic analysis of Fe – Cr – C system was carried out. It is shown that carbon-doping of Fe – Cr alloys leads to a significant change in the structural-phase state and has a determining effect on existence regions of carbides Me23С6 , Me7 С3 , Me3 С2 , and Me3 С with α- and γ-phases. Numerical calculations of the temperature field formed in the surface layer of steel during the irradiation with an electron beam were carried out. It is shown that at a beam energy density of 10  J/cm2 , regardless of the pulse duration of the electron beam (50  –  200  ms), the maximum temperature reached at the sample surface by the end of the pulse is below the melting point of steel. At an energy density of the electron beam (20  –  30) J/cm2 and pulse duration of 50  µs the maximum temperature of irradiated surface is equal to the boiling point of steel; at a pulse duration of 200  µs it reaches or exceeds the melting point of steel. The structure, mechanical and tribological properties of surface layer of the samples of high chromium steels 12Cr18Ni10T and 20Ni13 formed under the irradiation with an intense pulsed electron beam were studied. It is established that the electron-beam treatment of steel in the melting mode and the subsequent high-speed crystallization is accompanied by dissolution of particles of the initial carbide phase of the composition Me23С6 ((Cr,  Fe)23C6 ), saturation of the crystalline lattice of the surface layer with chromium atoms, formation of cells of the dendritic crystallization of submicron sizes, and release of nanosized particles of titanium carbide and chromium carbide. Together, this made it possible to increase (relative to the initial state) the strength and tribological properties of the studied materials. For steel 12Cr18Ni10Т, an increase in the hardness of the surface layer by 1.5  times, the wear resistance by 1.5 times, and a decrease in the friction coefficient by 1.6 times are revealed. For steel 20Cr13, an increase in the microhardness by 1.5 times, the wear resistance by 3.2 times, and a decrease in the friction coefficient by 2.3 times are revealed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>высокохромистая нержавеющая сталь</kwd><kwd>диаграмма состояния</kwd><kwd>интенсивный импульсный электронный пучок</kwd><kwd>структура</kwd><kwd>фазовый состав</kwd><kwd>микротвердость</kwd><kwd>износостойкость</kwd><kwd>коэффициент трения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>high-chromium stainless steel</kwd><kwd>state diagram</kwd><kwd>intense pulsed electron beam</kwd><kwd>structure</kwd><kwd>phase composition</kwd><kwd>microhardness</kwd><kwd>wear resistance</kwd><kwd>friction coefficient</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">РФФИ, Президиум РАН, СО РАН; Тересов А.Д.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Берлин Е.В., Коваль Н.Н., Сейдман Л.А. 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