<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2017-7-544-548</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-1127</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATERIAL SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ПЕРЕРАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ УГЛЕРОДА ПРИ ДЕФОРМАЦИИ СТАЛЕЙ С БЕЙНИТНОЙ И МАРТЕНСИТНОЙ СТРУКТУРАМИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CARBON REDISTRIBUTION UNDER DEFORMATION OF STEELS WITH BAINITE AND MARTENSITE STRUCTURES</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аксёнова</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aksenova</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.т.н., ассистент кафедры естественнонаучных дисциплин им. профессора В.М. Финкеля</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assistant of the Chair of Science named after V.M. Finkel</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alsaraeva_kv@physics.sibsiu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Громов</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gromov</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.ф.-м.н., заведующий кафедрой естественнонаучных дисциплин им. профессора В.М. Финкеля</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Phys.-math.), Professor, Head of the Chair of Science named after V.M. Finkel</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gromov@physics.sibsiu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>Ю. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>Yu. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.ф.-м.н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Phys.-math.), Professor, Chief Researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yufi55@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитина</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitina</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>инженер-исследователь кафедры естественнонаучных дисциплин им. профессора В.М. Финкеля</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Research Engineer of the Chair of Science named after V.M. Finkel</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikitina_en@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Косинов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kosinov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.т.н., старший научный сотрудник управления научных исследований (УНИ)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Senior Researcher of Department of Scientific Researches</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kosinov.dima@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сибирский государственный индустриальный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Industrial University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский Томский политехнический университет;&#13;
Институт сильноточной электроники СО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University;&#13;
Institute of High Current Electronics SB RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>08</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>60</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>544</fpage><lpage>548</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Аксёнова К.В., Громов В.Е., Иванов Ю.Ф., Никитина Е.Н., Косинов Д.А., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Аксёнова К.В., Громов В.Е., Иванов Ю.Ф., Никитина Е.Н., Косинов Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Aksenova K.V., Gromov V.E., Ivanov Y.F., Nikitina E.N., Kosinov D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1127">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1127</self-uri><abstract><p>В последние годы значительно увеличился объем применения высокопрочных сталей и, прежде всего, сталей мартенситного и бейнитного классов для изготовления деталей и конструкций ответственного назначения. Достижение высокопрочного состояния возможно за счет эффективного деформационного упрочнения сталей различных классов при условии его рационального применения. Знание количественных закономерностей и механизмов деформационного упрочнения сталей различных структурных классов при активной пластической деформации необходимо для целенаправленного формирования структурно-фазовых состояний и механических свойств материала. В работе методами просвечивающей электронной дифракционной микроскопии выполнен сравнительный анализ эволюции структуры, фазового состава и состояния дефектной субструктуры стали с мартенситной и бейнитной структурами при активной пластической деформации до разрушения. Показано, что после аустенитизации при температуре 950 °С (1,5 ч) и последующей закалки в масле стали 38ХН3МФА и нормализации стали 30Х2Н2МФА формируется многофазная структура (α-фаза, γ-фаза, цементит), основу которой составляют мартенсит пакетной морфологии (сталь 38ХН3МФА) и нижний бейнит (сталь 30Х2Н2МФА). Полученные количественные закономерности изменения параметров структуры стали в процессе пластического деформирования позволили выполнить исследования, направленные на анализ распределения атомов углерода в структуре деформированной стали. Выявлены места локализации атомов углерода в структуре мартенсита (закаленная сталь 38ХН3МФА) и бейнита (нормализованная сталь 30Х2Н2МФА). Установлено, что деформация сталей сопровождается разрушением частиц цементита. Для закаленной мартенситной стали с увеличением степени деформации суммарное количество атомов углерода, расположенных в твердом растворе на основе α- и γ-железа, снижается, а на дефектах структуры  – увеличивается. Перераспределение атомов углерода в стали с бейнитной структурой с увеличением степени деформации заключается в росте количества атомов углерода, расположенных в α-железе, дефектах кристаллической структуры, цементите на внутрифазных границах и уменьшении количества атомов углерода в частицах цементита, лежащих в объеме пластин бейнита и в γ-железе. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In recent years, application of high duration steels, first of all, martensitic and bainitic steels used in manufacturing of parts and structures of crucial function has increased significantly. It is possible to achieve a high duration state by means of effective deformation hardening of steels of various classes at rational use. Understanding of quantitative laws and mechanisms of deformation hardening of steels of different structural classes under active plastic deformation is necessary in terms of targeted formation of structure-phase states and mechanical properties of material. In this work, comparative analysis of structure evolution, phase composition and state of defective substructure of steel with martensitic and bainitic structures under active plastic deformation prior to fracture was performed using transmission electron diffraction microscopy. It was shown that after austenitization at temperature of 950  °C (1.5 hours) and subsequent quenching in oil of 38CrNi3MoV steel and normalization of 30Cr2Ni2MoV steel, a multiphase structure (α phase, γ phase, cementite) is formed, based on martensite of packet morphology (38CrNi3MoV steel) and lower bainite (30Cr2Ni2MoV steel). Obtained quantitative regularities of changes in parameters of steel structure in process of plastic deformation made it possible to carry out studies aimed at analyzing the distribution of carbon atoms in structure of deformed steel. Localization of carbon atoms in martensite structure (38CrNi3MoV hardened steel) and bainite (30Cr2Ni2MoV normalized steel) are revealed. It was established that steels deformation is accompanied by destruction of cementite particles. For hardened martensitic steel, with an increase in degree of deformation, the total number of carbon atoms located in solid solution based on α- and γ-iron decreases, and on structural defects – increases. Redistribution of carbon atoms in steel with bainitic structure with increase in deformation degree consists in growth of number carbon atoms located in α-iron, in defects of the crystal structure, and in intraphase boundaries cementite and its’ subsequent decrease in cementite particles within bainite plates and in γ-iron.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сталь</kwd><kwd>структура</kwd><kwd>углерод</kwd><kwd>локализация</kwd><kwd>деформация</kwd><kwd>дефекты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>steel</kwd><kwd>structure</kwd><kwd>carbon localization</kwd><kwd>deformation</kwd><kwd>defects</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Курдюмов Г.В., Утевский Л.М., Энтин Р.И. Превращения в железе и стали. – М.: Наука, 1977. – 236 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurdyumov G.V., Utevskii L.M., Entin R.I. Prevrashcheniya v zheleze i stali [Transformations in iron and steel]. Moscow: Nauka, 1977, 236 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Speich G., Swann Р.R. Yield strength and transformation substructure of quenched iron-nickel alloys // J. Iron and Steel Inst. 1965. Vol. 205. No. 4. Р. 480 – 485.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Speich G., Swann Р.R. Yield strength and transformation substructure of quenched iron-nickel alloys. J. Iron and Steel Inst. 1965, vol.  205, no. 4, pp. 480–485.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Borgenstam A., Hillert M., Agren J. Metallographic evidence of carbon diffusion in the growth of bainite // Acta Materialia. 2009. Vol. 57. No. 11. P. 3242 – 3252.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borgenstam A., Hillert M., Agren J. Metallographic evidence of carbon diffusion in the growth of bainite. Acta Materialia. 2009, vol.  57, no. 11, pp. 3242–3252.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Clarke A.J., Speer J.G., Miller M.K. etc. Carbon partitioning to austenite from martensite or bainite during the quench and partition process: Acritical assessment //Acta Materialia. 2008. Vol. 56. No. 1. P. 16 – 22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clarke A.J., Speer J.G., Miller M.K. etc. Carbon partitioning to austenite from martensite or bainite during the quench and partition process: A critical assessment. Acta Materialia. 2008, vol. 56, no.  1, pp. 16–22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sourmail T., Smanio V. Low temperature kinetics за bainite formation in high carbon steels // Acta Materialia. 2013. Vol. 61. No. 7. P. 2639 – 2648.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sourmail T., Smanio V. Low temperature kinetics за bainite formation in high carbon steels. Acta Materialia. 2013, vol. 61, no. 7, pp.  2639–2648.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Speich G.R. Tempering of low-carbon martensite // Trans. Met. Soc. AIME. 1969. Vol. 245. No. 10. Р. 2553 – 2564.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Speich G.R. Tempering of low-carbon martensite. Trans. Met. Soc. AIME. 1969, vol. 245, no. 10, pp. 2553–2564.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kalich D., Roberts E.M. On the distribution of carbon in martensite // Met. Trans. 1971. Vol. 2. No. 10. Р. 2783 – 2790.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalich D., Roberts E.M. On the distribution of carbon in martensite. Met. Trans. 1971, vol. 2, no. 10, pp. 2783–2790.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fasiska E.J., Wagenblat H. Dilatation of alpha-iron by carbon // Trans. Met. Soc. AIME. 1967. Vol. 239. No. 11. Р. 1818 – 1820.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fasiska E.J., Wagenblat H. Dilatation of alpha-iron by carbon. Trans. Met. Soc. AIME. 1967, vol. 239, no. 11, pp. 1818–1820.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ridley N., Stuart H., Zwell L. Lattice parameters of Fe-C austenite of room temperature // Trans. Met. Soc. AIME. 1969. Vol. 246. No. 8. Р. 1834 – 1836.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ridley N., Stuart H., Zwell L. Lattice parameters of Fe-C austenite of room temperature. Trans. Met. Soc. AIME. 1969, vol. 246, no. 8, pp. 1834–1836.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Веселов С.И., Спектор Е.З. Зависимость параметра решетки аустенита от содержания углерода при высоких температурах // ФММ. 1972. Т. 34. № 5. С. 895, 896.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Veselov S.I., Spektor E.Z. Dependence of austenite lattice on carbon content at high temperatures. Fizika Metallov i Metallovedenie. 1972, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 895–896. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лахтин Ю.М. Металловедение и термическая обработка металлов. – М.: Металлургия, 1977. – 407 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lakhtin Yu.M. Metallovedenie i termicheskaya obrabotka metallov [Metall science and heat treatment of metals]. Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1977, 407 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Приданцев М.В., Давыдова Л.Н., Тамарина А.М. Конструкционные стали: Справочник. – М.: Металлургия, 1980. – 288 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pridantsev M.V., Davydova L.N., Tamarina A.M. Konstruktsionnye stali: Spravochnik [Construction steels: Reference book]. Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1980, 288 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Утевский Л.М. Дифракционная электронная микроскопия в металловедении. – М.: Металлургия, 1973. – 584 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Utevskii L.M. Difraktsionnaya elektronnaya mikroskopiya v metallovedenii [Diffraction electron microscopy in metal science]. Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1973, 584 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hirsch P.B., Howie A., Nicholson R.B., etc. Electron Microscopy of Thin Crystals. – Washington: Butterworth, 1965. – 549 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hirsch P.B., Howie A., Nicholson R.B., Pashley D.W., Whelan M.J. Electron Microscopy of Thin Crystals. Washington: Butterworth, 1965, 549 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bhadeshia H.K.D.H. Bainite in Steels. 2nd ed. The Institute of Materials London, 2001. – 460 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bhadeshia H.K.D.H. Bainite in Steels. 2nd ed. London: The Institute of Materials, 2001, 460 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Счастливцев В.М., Калетина Ю.В., Фокина Е.А. Остаточный аустенит в легированных сталях. – Екатеринбург: УрО РАН, 2014. – 236 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schastlivtsev V.M., Kaletina Yu.V., Fokina E.A. Ostatochnyi austenit v legirovannykh stalyakh [Residual austenite in alloyed steels]. Ekaterinburg: UrO RAN, 2014, 236 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ivanov Y.F., Kolubaeva Y.A., Kornet E.V., Gromov V.E. Formation of the fine structure and phase composition of structural steel on quenching // Steel in Translation. 2009. Vol. 39. No. 4. P. 302 – 306.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivanov Y.F., Kolubaeva Y.A., Kornet E.V., Gromov V.E. Formation of the fine structure and phase composition of structural steel on quenching. Steel in Translation. 2009, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 302–306.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Корнет Е.В., Иванов Ю.Ф., Коновалов С.В., Громов В.Е. Эволюция структурно-фазовых состояний закаленной стали при деформации // Изв. вуз. Черная металлургия. 2009. № 6. С. 66 – 69.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kornet E.V., Ivanov Yu.F., Konovalov S.V., Gromov V. E. Evolution of structure-phase states of hardened steel under deformation. Izvestiya VUZov. Chernaya metallurgiya = Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy. 2009, no. 6, pp. 66–69. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nikitina E.N., Gromov V.E., Alsaraeva K.V. Evolution of the Defect Subsystem of Structural Steel with Bainite Structure on Deformation // Steel in Translation. 2015. Vol. 45. No. 8. P. 571 – 574.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikitina E.N., Gromov V.E., Alsaraeva K.V. Evolution of the Defect Subsystem of Structural Steel with Bainite Structure on Deformation. Steel in Translation. 2015, vol. 45, no. 8, pp. 571–574.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ivanov Yu.F., Nikitina E.N., Gromov V.E. Carbon distribution in bainitic steel subjected to deformation // AIP Conference Proceedings. 2015. Vol. 1683. No. 020075.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivanov Yu.F., Nikitina E.N., Gromov V.E. Carbon distribution in bainitic steel subjected to deformation. AIP Conference Proceedings. 2015, vol. 1683, no. 020075.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
