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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-1091</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATERIAL SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние длительного теплового старения в составе теплообменного оборудования РУ на быстрых нейтронах на структуру и свойства аустенитной хромоникелевой стали</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The influence of long-term operation as a part of the fast-breeder reactor heat exchange equipment on the structure and properties of austenitic chromium-nickel steel</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудрявцев</surname><given-names>Алексей Сергеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alexei</surname><given-names>Kudryavtsev</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>начальник сектора</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kudryavtsev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Охапкин</surname><given-names>Кирилл Алексеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Okhapkin</surname><given-names>Kirill</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший научный сотрудник</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kirill.okhapkin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>НИЦ "Курчатовский институт - ЦНИИ КМ "Прометей"</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>11</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>61</volume><issue>11</issue><elocation-id>1091</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кудрявцев А.С., Охапкин К.А., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кудрявцев А.С., Охапкин К.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alexei K., Okhapkin K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1091">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1091</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе исследовано влияние длительной эксплуатации при температуре 515°С на структуру и свойства стали марки 09Х18Н9. Данные по структуре и фазовому составу стали получены с помощью оптической и растровой электронной микроскопии. Фазовый состав стали в равновесном состоянии определен путём термодинамического моделирования в программном пакете FactSage. В результате исследования установлено, что в процессе эксплуатации при температуре 515°С продолжительностью 195 000 ч в стали марки 09Х18Н9 происходит изменение структуры с образованием вторичных фаз, инициированное выделением элементов с ограниченной растворимостью из пересыщенного твердого раствора. Обнаружено присутствие в структуре твердого раствора аустенита следующих вторичных выделений: карбид хрома Cr23С6, Феррит (α), G – фаза. На основании сопоставления данных термодинамического моделирования и экспериментального определения фазового состава, установлено, что структура стали находится в состоянии близком к равновесному. Выявлен и описан механизм протекания структурных превращений, последовательность образования вторичных фаз. На начальном этапе происходит образование карбида хрома, затем вблизи карбидов происходит образование α-феррита и, затем, формируется G-фаза.Результаты испытаний на ударную вязкость и статическое растяжение показали, что изменение фазового состава в процессе теплового старения приводит к охрупчиванию стали – снижению пластичности и энергии удара.Фрактографические исследования поверхностей изломов образцов показали, что снижение пластичности в процессе длительной высокотемпературной эксплуатации связано с разупрочнением тела зерна и упрочнением границ за счет вторичных выделений карбидной фазы. В результате данного процесса, пластическая деформация локализуется в разупрочненном объеме тела зерна, окруженного прочными границами. Наибольшее влияние эволюция структуры при длительном тепловом старении оказывает на ударную вязкость. При этом изменение временного сопротивления, предела текучести незначительно. Основной вклад в изменение механических характеристик стали марки 09Х18Н9 вносят вторичные выделения карбидной фазы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The influence of long-term operation at 515°C on structure and properties of steel grade 09Cr18Ni9 was investigated. Structure and phase composition were obtained using optical and scanning electron microscopy. The phase composition of the steel in equilibrium state was determined by thermodynamic modeling in the software package FactSage.As a result of the study, it was found that during the operation at 515°C with a duration of 195 000 h, the structure changes occurred in the steel grade 09Cr18Ni9 with the formation of secondary phases, initiated by the release of elements with limited solubility from the supersaturated solid solution. The presence of the following secondary precipitates in structure of a solid solution of austenite: Cr23C6 chromium carbide, ferrite (α), G-phase.Based on a comparison of the thermodynamic modeling results and the experimental determination of the phase composition, it was established that the structure of the steel is in a state close to equilibrium.The mechanism of the course of structural transformations, the sequence of formation of secondary phases was revealed and described. At the initial stage, chromium carbide is formed, then α-ferrite is formed near the carbides, and then G-phase is formed.The results of the tests for impact strength and static elongation showed that the change in phase composition in process of thermal aging leads to embrittlement of the steel - a reduction in ductility and impact energy.Fractografic studies of fracture surfaces of samples showed that the decrease in plasticity during long-term high-temperature operation is associated with softening of the grain body and strengthening of the boundaries due to secondary precipitations of the carbide phase. As a result of this process, plastic deformation is localized in the weakened volume of the body of grain surrounded by strong boundaries.The greatest influence of the evolution of the structure with prolonged thermal aging on impact strength. At the same time, the change in ultimate and yield stress is insignificant. The main contribution to the change in mechanical characteristics of steel is made by the secondary precipitates of the carbide phase.</p><p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>парогенератор</kwd><kwd>жаропрочная хромоникелевая сталь</kwd><kwd>длительная эксплуатация</kwd><kwd>тепловое старение</kwd><kwd>выделение вторичных фаз</kwd><kwd>ударная вязкость</kwd><kwd>изменение механических свойств</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>steam generator</kwd><kwd>heat-resistant chromium-nickel steel</kwd><kwd>long-term operation</kwd><kwd>thermal aging</kwd><kwd>separation of secondary phases</kwd><kwd>impact toughness</kwd><kwd>change in mechanical properties</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Structural materials of nuclear power plants / Yu.F. Balandin, I.V. Gorynin, Yu.I. Zvezdin, V.G. 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